MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY - HO CHI MINH CITY Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology DEVELOPMENT OF BUTTERNUT SQUASH MILK AND EVALUATION OF ITS PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for admission to the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Food Technology By Student: Tran Thi Thao Suong Supervisor: Dr. Nguyễn Minh Xuân Hồng Ho Chỉ Minh City, 2024 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to thank the teachers of the Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Nong Lam University — Ho Chi Minh City for giving me useful knowledge in studying. I would like to thank my guide Dr. Nguyen Minh Xuan Hong enthusiastically guided and helped me to complete this graduation thesis and express my gratitude for her steadfast guidance, patience, and invaluable feedback throughout this project, especially for allowing me to undertake this project.
I would like to thank the teachers at the laboratory of the Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Nong Lam University — Ho Chi Minh City for creating favorable conditions for me to use the equipment and machines to carry out the work graduation essay. I would like to express my gratitude to my grandmother, parents, and younger sister who have always encouraged and created conditions for me during the past years. Ho Chi Minh City, May 2024 TRAN THI THAO SUONG ABSTRACT This research aims to develop healthy nutritious vegan drinks from butternut squash. Butternut squash is a plant of the genus Cucurbita, family Gourds.
Butternut squash plants are used for food in addition to squash, when the buds, flowers, tops and leaves are also harvested. Squash meat contains many vitamins and minerals, and is also a herbal medicine for many diseases. Butternut squash contains iron, potassium, phosphorus, water, vegetable protein, glucose, linoleic fatty acids, and vitamins C, BI, B2, BS, B6, PP. Eating butternut squash is very good for the brain, boosts immunity, helps to keep the heart healthy, eyes bright, for better sleep, and supports skin care as well as beauty, weight loss.
Butternut squash rich in beta carotene, provitamin A, contains 85-91% water, protein 0. This beverage was produced in this study by mixing butternut squash powder, water, fat powder, and sucrose in different proportions. Appropriate parameters for product preparation are butternut squash and water ratio of 1:4 (w/w), fat powder ratio of 6%, sucrose mixture of 7%. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMEN D sess ccsestseaeencnansrateme meen temaenmmmaierreeerunatieie i 07a.
ill LIST OF FIGURES cuueeotbieeooeiibidobosooitdsb09Xsia9398g650944013394630390014383019420499891.008 vi 18 food PA BH OC ngon eee ee vii CHẾ Í eee 1 TIN FRODUGTION gen cá tin LH AGGH2S.EESIESBIBSSSIIESEESCIRGSESSE 1 Lid, TiO CO esse cress overscreas crs niann snasenneaminer ssasewnemawarsnn ce anatenne seesuem auaeen eemrenestamepnacasenenes 1 LITERATURE REVIEW ssssesssscsssssersnessavsccarscesvenienvveacesvvsecssnversuseenuasnnsveenvecnsensions 3 2.1 Butternut squash OVerVieW wssssssvcscnsecessesesenesnernseasesaneeesanenes S98000:004134030688480/16//083 3 2.1 Origin and taxonomy of pumpkin plant .- --- ---- 5 5 <++<£+<<<+<c+<s+ 3 212 DUI(€FHUtSdUASN secseresesessesesusspbesseestsa9igtiseS210SE2805831€5RSSE.3 Description of the Butternut squash plant. Health benefits of Butternut squash.5 Some commercial products from pumpkin and butternut squash. 8 22 Hat powder OVCIVICW eaensescoseemeecensameaemcarRE 10 2.2 Plant based fat DOWGTsenesessuieoeetinnoseasiosnaditsonstlsi2L314135.3 Nutrition of fat powder scces--ccessuaeeeeeneE ee 11 2.3 Procedure of processing plant-based milk .DtOGGÔUHG soseeeeessenidzibiesnooriliuiabsiisegAL0iSpuHE.2 Affecting factors forthe process tiiozssssoidztstsaxsetelttygbSBAGIAGES82594gL4820459600363 0305.3 Requirement of product quaÏ1fy.4 Difference between plant milk and animal miÏk.-- ---- 5 ---=-=5+ 14 OLE) 1102) aes ee mtaretne treaties ttre ree on ee ereene ie te rrr ter centr ct eerie ener meee ea 15 MATERIALS AND METHODS .Ì Time and place Of fes6afGHsse-eeeeesesssiisdirieoidekasetkdaknsdiggedtgidgougg-g8006856002010436 15 S0 (VI cg Ul Seeeerente tech terns er ner ce rr crete rene eee tment tae ere eee ee 15 3.2 Fat POW CE? wecacrasseennsesrem reuse necmeuarennermomnnureua meaner 16 32. PACKA BIG tá nnn ng 12041461515ã128691608065633880 4045524 SEBESS13S0SSEASHRSSBSGESASE84901345355000ã 16 32:4.
EQUIDINGHÌ:sczz::225255456216521952636215801636989830936E25BESSETSSESEGEUESMEESGUSDSESLS.053 men 17 S3 MIGUTOHS LOPANALYSIS cougscsitixlidcbcsZiuuS6i0ig12188ã0ể6018686-0d38qö45g628880E525EE48SE586350L880H3E14856 17 3.1 Determination of moisture COTIf€TE.2 Determination of total soluble solid content (TSS).3 Determination of total acid content (Ranganna, 1986).4 Determination Of PH 17577.5 Sensory ievalUB[ÏOHcasee:sesesssseksissso Si SS1S2A58084G0X83051583888E:G333BS32580 3Ø84/2848554888 18 EENudsiriL v000 018.-- - c0 HH HH2 TH KH HH na HH th HA Là Hang 0 19 3.1 Experiment 1: Effect of butternut squash steaming time on chemical properties and sensory quality of the product.2 Experiment 2: Effect of butternut squash ratio on chemical properties and sensory quality of products 202127277 .3 Experiment 3: Effect of sugar ratio on sensory quality of products.4 Experiment 4: Effect of added fat powder ratio on chemical properties and sensory quality of the product.ececceccecesceseeseeseeseeseececeeeeeeeceeeseeeceeeeseeaeeaes 24 OVA G60 eseeereer es cern seace serene cies gaye aero sre ura a es a cee cuca cance mies 25 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Some characteristics of butternut squash fresh raw materials. Effect of butternut squash steaming time on chemical properties and sensory tãHfE: OF TS: PHO CC se ceca sisanenisnizonoisesmeentsioni itssenstnscnantarnns tani annasacnenecinesabtinemahoee 26 4.3 Effect of butternut squash ratio on chemical properties and sensory quality of EC a ee a eee 30 4.4 Effect of sugar ratio on sensory quality of products.5 Effect of added fat powder ratio on chemical properties and sensory quality of the produchisqcosvssssusesvansvasznncensan mesveseuinssween ineneeenemenes ans vyeeueniensauenemensneauaesenERSaeaeS 36 4. Pumpkin milk processing proC€dUTe.------- 555252 +22 £+*£+s£+sczeesezxesee 40 TTT Sac ezcccnences tris excavate crs tn ta ls a ects Sms nea 42 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS.
43 REFERENCES sec cai 2n Stì G6 SiES-E4SGSSESGIBGUEBMSEEUSSSSEMSUEXšRSA.Sg3)2XH71E23UESH#SE/ 44 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CMC Carboxymethyl Cellulose MC Moisture content FAO Food and Agriculture Organization PCA Plate Count Agar PDA Potatoes Dextrose Agar QCVN: Vietnam technical regulations RTD Ready to drink TA Titratable acidity TC Total carotenoid TCVN : Standards of food safety in Vietnam TPC Total phenolic content TSS Total soluble solid LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Image of Butternut squash. --- cece cece cesceseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeens 5 Figure 2:2: Pumpkin: products a cccinic cscs satecsewcttame cee eters tatieemtaade amen atanaumnatine 9 Figure 2.4 General outline of the manufacturing process of plant based milk CSET VEN bes anss excsassazesrsmaccasasmnanares GIES1639950363Q83BSEHGIIGRA4Sgi06g89S0GS401534E4858095503816/2098891 12 Eiefife 3.1 BOUeriiit SQUASW scccsiscssorccnscanessnemnssesenensenenmanraremnneenommmusumenaamasass 15 Figure 3. Glass: bottles used in this Study sscccssssecssemsesviseesennaenemnnsncen 16 Figure 3.3: Planned experimental layout diaøram.-- --- ---- eects eeeeeeeees 20 Figure 4.1: Chemical properties of butternut squash after steaming. 2: Sensory evaluation of steamed samples.3 Samples of steamed butternut squash with different times: sample l is 10 minutes, sample 2 is 20 minutes, sample 3 is 30 minutes, and sample 4 is 40 (UNO NVA TC's pee eee ec ere are eee eee 29 Figure 4.4: Chemical properties of the ratio that affects the physicochemical properties of the product increase brix and pH .5: Sensory evaluation of the butternut squash milled at different butternut SQUASH TAO exer semrsessereomeronennemeen SEEGSSĐLSESSLEESSREEDGIASN-BMEGG.SESS8S-03SASBHGIOUSAERRS 32 Figure 4.6: Chemical properties of sugar content on sensory quality of products.7: Sensory evaluation after adding sugar to the sample.8 Samples are supplemented with sugar at different ratios: sample 1 is 0g, sample 2 is 5g, sample 3 is 7g, sample 4 is 9g, and sample 5 is l1g.9: Chemical properties of samples at different ratios of fat powder.10: Sensory evaluation after adding fat powder in different proportions to Ue sar tp E6 6ccc6c 66c t66165036101036.6L08SGLSESBISEI SASESE5Ä388052S8905558 38 Figure: 4.11 Samples were added with different ratios of fat powder: sample 1 is 2%, sample 2 is 4%, sample 3 is 6%, sample 4 is 8%, and sample 5 is 10%.
Process of making butternut squash mIÏk. --- --- 5- teeters 40 vi LIST OE TABLES Table 2. Scientific Classification of pumpKIn.------- 55555552 =+£+sc+sc+sc+ceee 4 Table 2.2: Nutrition’s composition of Butternut squash per 100g.3 Difference between plant milk and animal mIÏÌk.1 Sample code of experiment Ì.2: Sample code of ExDETHHGII 2 sseeiseessriosseeoisssiketg8x913003413u602300018 cece 23 Table 3.3: Sample code of experiment 3 .4: Sample code of experiment 4. Proximate analysis of butternut squash.-- --- ---- ---+-<c+sc<+<ce~e+ 25 Table 4.
Chemical properties of butternut squash after steaming. Sensory evaluation of steamed samples.4: Chemical properties of the ratio that affects the physicochemical properties of the product increase brix and pH .5 Sensory evaluation of the butternut squash milled at different butternut SQUASH TAU se susennuuienh SE biSngioDhtiGgS2i30BEBI808.4600081G0353814053Q030GSS:BESISSĐESEBSHSNGESGEEIGSĐH0008/20808300805000885618 31 Table 4.6 Chemical properties of sugar content on sensory quality of products.7 Sensory evaluation after adding sugar to the sample.8: Chemical properties of samples at different ratios of fat powder.9: Sensory evaluation after adding fat powder in different proportions to the “n8 cere eee eee ene eee eee Cố cổ CÔ CC. tr eer er eM coe ree 37 vii Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction In Vietnam, butternut squash and pumpkin species are all familiar plants from North to South. The tree is grown almost all year round, highly adapted to the hot and humid tropical climate.
The world production of these squashes in 1988 amounted to 6346,000 tons and in Southeast Asia alone, it was about 217,000 tons. Butternut squash is rich in nutrients such as vitamins A, C, E and K and contains antioxidants such as phenolic, flavonoids, carotenoids, phytosterols. In butternut squash, the total solid content is low (7-10%), low calorie content (15-25 kcal/100g), contains nutrients that help the digestive tract well and is a good source of fiber helps limit excess fat loss and prevent obesity. Butternut squash is also a medicinal herb in the treatment of some diseases such as diabetes, cancer, especially colon cancer, etc.
(Sharma and Ramana Rao, 2013; Batool, Ranjha et al., 2022; Mala and Kurian 2016). Currently, animal milk products are widely available on the market and contain many essential nutrients such as protein, minerals, vitamins, fats and lactose, but some people are lactose intolerant and allergic to proteins found in dairy products, milk contains saturated fat and sugar, animals are exposed to a lot of antibiotics. Therefore, consumers have been asking for animal milk substitutes to create delicious and healthy drinks. Animal milk requires a lot of feed, antibiotics, water and land, which has a negative impact on the environment.
Today, the lifestyle of young people is gradually changing, including vegetarian and vegan diets, contributing to increased demand for plant-based dairy alternatives. Plant milk is a product that does not contain animal foods; it is made from plant ingredients with many different types of plants such as almonds, beans, cashews, rice, oats, vegetables and fruits. (Chalupa-Krebzdak, Long et al. 2018) Plant milk is a vegan product that replaces animal products, has many nutrients, 1 does not contain lactose, cholesterol, and is very low in saturated fat, so it is popular and suitable for all bodies of most people everything (Sethi, Tyagi et al.
Plant milk is gaining popularity and is the current trend of changing lifestyle with foods made from plants. Regarding plant milk nutrition, it also contains essential nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, vitamins B2, E, D, C, iron and zinc but does not contain lactose, cholesterol and is low in saturated fat, with a pleasant taste (Silva, Silva et al. Plant milk is different from animal milk; the protein in plant milk is in the form of incomplete protein. Most plant-based milks are not inherently sweet, so they must be mixed with sugar to enhance the plant milk's delicious flavor.
In Vietnam, there are several plant milk products have been developed. However, there is no plant milk product from squash. Therefore, a plant milk product from squash was developed in this study.2 Aim and objectives Aim: This research focuses on developing a butternut squash milk processing process. The resulting product has good sensory quality and is good for health.
The objectives of this study are: Lï Survey the effect of butternut squash steaming time on chemical properties and sensory quality of the product. 1) Survey the effect of butternut squash ratio on chemical properties and sensory quality of products Li Survey the effect of sugar ratio on sensory quality of products. L¡ Survey the effect of added fat powder ratio on chemical properties and sensory quality of the product. Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Butternut squash overview 2.1 Origin and taxonomy of pumpkin plant Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) is a plant of the genus Cucurbita, family Cucurbitaceae.