VIETNAM NATIONAL OF ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS, VIETNA NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI BANKING AND FINANCE DEPARTMENT TOPIC THE EFFECT OF GEOPOLITICAL RISKS ON STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY Student : Nguyen Thi Phuong Linh Student code : 19050682 Class : QH 2019-E TCNH CLC 1 Supervisor : MSc. Luong Tram Anh re F7/ VIETNAM NATIONAL OF ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS, VIETNA NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI BANKING AND FINANCE DEPARTMENT TOPIC THE EFFECT OF GEOPOLITICAL RISKS ON STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY Student : Nguyen Thi Phuong Linh Student code : 19050682 Class : QH 2019-E TCNH CLC 1 Supervisor : MSc. Luong Tram Anh re F7/ DECLARATION I hereby declare that the topic “Effect of Geopolitical risks on stock market volatility” is an independent research work with all contents and the result is a product that I have tried my best to research during my studies at the school, conducted openly with the enthusiastic guidance of MSc. Luong Tram Anh.
The data and research results on the topic are honest, and the sources are fully and clearly cited. The research results do not completely copy or use the results of any similar topic. IfI find out that there is a copy of the research results of another topic, I will take full responsibility. Hanoi, 15 May 2023 Student Nguyễn Thị Phương Linh TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION .scsssssssssesssensensonsatensensonsanensensoneoneaeensonsaneatensonsoueateneensoneateseeneonsansateneensaueatenteneanenteneeneas 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS .cscssssssssssssssssssessessssstensecserssessrensocsacstensecseneseenteesacsstsatentensansueneensaeeaueatesanees 2 LIST OF ABBREVIATION .cssssssssssssssssssessessnsnsseeessensnensessueneseecensausneaeeesseaneneensnesueneaeeneneenensaeensanen 4 LIST OF FIRGURES .cscsscsssssssssesssessnsseeesessenssneseenssnsaneeenesessneaeeneenseesseeseenssnsaneateneansaueneensensaneateeenees 5 LIST OF TABLES.ccssscssssssssssssnssesssesesnssnenesssensoneeenssnsanentenssnsassatensenseesseeseensonsaceteneeesausatensenssueaueneenees 5 ABSTRACT ovessssssssessesseseessensoreneensecsorsansneeseareausreneecsansatenseneacsanenteneansaneanenseneansateneeneonsansateneeneeneanensensans 6 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.
The rational of research tODIC. ReSse@arch aim. Research Objective and SCODG. Research Obj©CtÏVe.
Overview of data collection and data arnaÌÏySÌS. Contribution Of research. Structure Of the Study .«e-eeesrsesersrsrrsrirerirerrrrrrrrrrsrsrarsrsrsirsrnrre 10 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW. Impact of geopolitical risks on StOCK MarKet.
Impact of macroeconomic factors on StOCK MAFKet. sce 13 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. RES@ arch DFOC©SS. Data CON OCTION.csssssssssssssssessssssssssssessssesssessssseseseesssesessseeeessesenseeseeeesenseeseeneesesensseaeas 18 CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DICUSSION.
The general impact of geopolitical risk on stock marketS. The impact of geopolitical risk on stock markets different between developed and developing COUTItTÏ@S?. SUMMATY Of F©SUÏS.ccsssssssssssssssssseseesesesesescsesseseseacneensnsseesessneeseaeseaeaeaeeneneeauaceseaeseneaeaeaneseneseneavaneneeeneaeaeas 39 LIST OF ABBREVIATION STT ABBREVIATION MEANING 1 FEM Fixed Effect Model 2 GLS Generalized Least Square 3 OLS Ordinary Least Square 4 REM Random Effect Model 5 GPR Geopolitical Risk 7 EPU Economy Policy Uncertainty LIST OF FIRGURES Figure Figure Name Page Scatter Plot of the relationship between geopolitical risk and Stock market price +1 movement 21 4.a Figure Stock Price Volatility 23 4.b Figure Political Volatility 23 LIST OF TABLES Table Table Name Page 3.1 Summary of research variables 18 4.1 Descriptive statistics of the variables 21 Correlation matrix for dependent and 4.3 Table OLS regression result 24 4.4 Multi-collinear phenomena Test 24 4.6 Descriptive statistics of the variables 2 26 Correlation matrix for dependent and 4.8 OLS regression result 2 27 4.9 Multi-collinear phenomena Test 2 28 4.12 Fixed-effects Regression 29 4.14 Descriptive statistics of the variables 3 30 Correlation matrix for dependent and 4.17 Multi-collinear phenomena Test 3 32 4.18 Autocorrelation Test 3 33 ABSTRACT This study investigates the relationship between geopolitical risk (GPR) and stock market volatility from a global perspective. The study analyzes a panel data set of stock market of 10 countries for the period 2010- 2023.
What motivated me to undertake this research is the importance of acessing both the volatility and return of geopolitical risks to the economy, especially the stock market. The purpose is to provide more useful insights to investors before making investment decisions in order to limit risks and achieve the best return. Therefore, the study used linear regression models to find out the impact of geopolitical risk on the stock market. The estimation method is based on pooled OLS regression with robust standard errors, fixed effects and random effects models.
The results of the study show that in general, the influence of geopolitical risk has a negative effect on stock market volatility. Compared on two groups of developed countries and emerging countries, there is a relative difference. As for emerging markets, it is still negatively impacted by geopolitical risks. However, for developed countries, the effect of geopolitical uncertainties on stock market volatility is not clear.
I also find that considering global economic factors in predictability analysis is crucial for strong results. Finally, this study will provide some benefit on exploiting the impact of GPR in predictive modeling of stock market volatility while highlighting some of the useful effects of these recommendations. The rational of research topic Geopolitical tension is increasingly recognised as a serious, worldwide concern. According to statistics from the Global Terrorism Index, Asian countries are facing a significant increase in terrorist attacks in recent times.
In 2002, the region was affected by only 106 terrorist attacks, but then increased by 720%, reaching a threshold of 870 attacks in 2016 (Le & Tran, 2021). The financial world is complex and ever-changing, with numerous factors influencing stock market performance. In the post-financial crisis context, strengthening the stability of the stock market has important implications for the economy and finance of each country or the whole world. Recently, geopolitics has also been thought of as a factor that can have a significant impact on the stock market.
The more geopolitical instability occurs, the more volatile the stock market. Stock price declines and investment risk increases. Research by CFRA shows that the impact of geopolitical events on the US stock market is relatively transient, but not without impact. The company analyzed 24 events since World War II and found that the S&P 500 index fell an average of 5.5% from peak to trough in the aftermath of those events.
Geopolitical events frequently affect the stock market because they can influence market sentiment, disrupt global supply chains, and impact the flow of investment capital. Researchers have argued that the effect of geopolitical risks on investment decisions and thus the performance of underlying financial assets would be particularly severe in countries where geopolitical tensions are relatively stronger and more persistent. According to a 2017 Gallup survey, 75% of participating investors expressed concern about the impact of global political and military conflicts on economic activities, reducing stock returns. securities and redirect capital outflows from developing countries to more developed countries.
Understanding geopolitics’ impact on the stock market is critical for investors who want to make informed decisions and navigate the challenges posed by geopolitical events. Recent evidence suggests the impact of geopolitical risks on stock market prices and returns. Regarding market price, Given the growing importance of geopolitical risk globally, a number of prominent domestic and international studies have focused on the impact of geopolitical risk on stock prices, typically “Balcilar et al. events, 2018”, the impact of geopolitical risks can vary on the economic nature of each region.
Regarding market returns, there have been numerous studies in the past that have looked at the impact of political uncertainty on stock prices and its volatility. They showed severe fluctuations in excess returns due to an increase or decrease in political risk, which indicates the crucial role of such risks as a pricing factor in a cross-section of stock returns. They were able to confirm that political uncertainty had a negative impact on stock price and provided evidence of the existence of priced political risk. They found that there was a negative correlation between such attacks and stock markets.
Several studies have investigated the relationship between stock market and GPR in developed economies such as European countries and the US. Although advanced economies dominate the global financial markets, the role of emerging economies in global economic development is equally important. Emerging economies face different global and regional GPR shocks, with a range of consequences for business cycles and financial markets. As a result, more and more research is focused on emerging economies.
and these studies show the predictive potential of GPR for the stock index in emerging markets and argue that GPR has a more profound influence on the volatility of the stocks rather than returns study. Besides, there are also many studies on the impact of geopolitical instability on the stock market in Islamic countries. However, few writers have been drawn on any systematic research into impact of geopolitical risks on stock market volatility. In this thesis, I will look at the relationship between geopolitics and the stock market.
Researchs looks at how geopolitical risk has become a challenge across much of the global economy and at its impact on financial institutions and their boards. In this study, I test the influence of geopolitical risk on the volatility of stock markets in the world. This study was the first to use a sample of stock indices in 11 countries worldwide. Ressearch aim This aim of this study is to analyze the impact of geopolitical uncertainty on stock market volatility.
Research questions - Does the geopolitical crisis affect the volatility of financial markets? - Is the impact of geopolitical risk on stock markets different between developed and developing countries? - Does the impact of geopolitical risk on stock markets depend on the levels of geopolitical risk? 1. Research objective and scope 1. Research objective The two research objectives of this study is geopolitical risks and stock market volatility. - Geopolitical risks: Geopolitical risks (GPRs) are often cited by central bankers, the financial press and corporate managers as one of the determinants of investment decisions, and hence, are believed to affect business cycles and financial markets globally.
Caldara and Iacoviello (2018) define geopolitical risk as "risks associated with wars, acts of terrorism, and tensions between states affecting the normal and peaceful course of international relations". This definition encapsulates the direct risk arising from the events listed below and any indirect risk arising from such initial events, for example, war conflict. Dario Caldara and Matteo Iacoviello construct a measure of adverse geopolitical events and associated risks based on a tally of newspaper articles covering geopolitical tensions, and examine its evolution and economic effects since 1900. The geopolitical risk (GPR) index spikes around the two world wars, at the beginning of the Korean War, during the Cuban Missile Crisis, and after 9/11.
Higher geopolitical risk foreshadows lower investment, stock prices, and employment. Higher geopolitical risk is also associated with higher probability of economic disasters and with larger downside risks to the global economy. - Stock market volatility: Stock market volatility is a measure of how much the stock market's overall value fluctuates up and down. Beyond the market as a whole, individual stocks can be considered volatile as well.
More specifically, you can calculate volatility by looking at how much an asset's price varies from its average price. Standard deviation is the statistical measure commonly used to represent volatility. Stock market volatility can pick up when external events create uncertainty. For example, while the major stock indexes typically don't move by more than 1% in a single day, those indices routinely rose and fell by more than 5% each day during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.
No one knew what was going to happen, and that uncertainty led to frantic buying and selling. Volatility is often associated with fear, which tends to rise during bear markets, stock market crashes, and other big downward moves. However, volatility doesn't measure direction. It's simply a measure of how big the price swings are.
You can think of volatility as a measure of short-term uncertainty. Historical volatility is a measure of how volatile an asset was in the past, while implied volatility is a metric that represents how volatile investors expect an asset to be in the future. Research scope - The research space: The thesis focuses on studying the impact of geopolitical risks on the stock market of different, typically the following 11 countries: China, United States, United Kingdom, Brazil, France, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico} Canada, Germany - The research time: Due to the recent 10 years of geopolitical instability becoming more and more acute, | chose the time of research as the period from 2010 to 2023. Frequency is monthly.