VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY FOREST RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT FACULTY REPORT STUDENT THESIS Influence of relevant actors on the outcomes of community forestry in Thuan Chau district, Son La province Supervisor : Dr. Ngo Duy Bach Student name : Nguyen Gia Phong Student ID :1354030572 Class : K58B Natural Resource Management Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Hanoi, September 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I want to express my gratefulness to teachers of Vietnam National University of Forestry for establishing me to complete this research. I would like to thank all the officers of Chieng Bom Commune, Muoi Noi Commune, Tong Lenh Commune and Bon Phang Commune, officers of KFW7 and project 661 management staffs for supporting necessary things and providing me documents. I take this opportunity to record my sincere thanks to all the faculty members of the Faculty of Forest Resource and Environment Management for their help and encouragement.
I am deeply indebted to my supervisor Dr. Ngo Duy Bach who‘s giving motivation and valuable ideas help me to complete this study. I also thank the local government and local people of said communes for helping me during my study time. Hanoi, September 2018 Student Nguyen Gia Phong TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I.
GOAL, OBJECTIVES AND METHODS…………………………………….1 Identification of actors and their interest in community forest .1Actors in community forestry .2Evaluate the outcomes of CF .3 Ecological outcomes, Forest growth and biodiversity.3 Estimation of Influence of actor‘s interest to CF outcomes. 41 LISTS OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table 1.1: Selected sites in Thuan Chau District.2 Outcome evaluation of Community forestry .1 Actors and their role in community forestry .2 Power diagnosis summary of case studies.3 Summary of actor‘s interests 2.4 Access chart of forest users over the forest and forest resources .5: Restricted activities in community forest .6: Forest protection ensured by rules and regulations .7: Infringement cases of the community forests.8 Access to decision making processes of forest users .9 Fee contribution of forest users for community forest management. Payment for Forest environmental services.12Payment for memberships of committees and forest patrol team .13 Investment for community development .14: Obtained outcomes of all cases. Map of Chieng Bom,Tong Lenh Bon Phang and Muoi Noi Commune, Thuan Chau District, Son La Province .1: Community forestry network in the study sites .2 Frequency of the relevant actors in community forestry in Thuan Chau .3 Power elements of the powerful relevant actors .4 Summarize of Actor‘s desired outcomes (appendix 3) .5 outcomes through interests (appendix 3).
33 ABSTRACT The study Community forestry is a model of forest management that has a significant portion of responsibility for forest management shifted from the state down to lower community levels (Devolution). 2018 is the year where the KfW7 project and the 5 years management plan completed along with the main goal of power decentralization. Compare to observation data from previous years, the outcome results of community forests of Thuan Chau district can be considered a complete success with the influence of relevant actors being decentralized. All designated villages in Thuan Chau district that has community forest given to them, have fully covered the community forest with AII and above forest.
Decision making is now transferred to the Village chief under the observation of the commune and local ranger, whose now will do mostly supportive roles. Exploitation limits stay the same to the 5 years management plan and finally, no major damages was done to the forest ever since the 5 years management plan was launch. The Commune that is not involved with the KFW7 also has the similar results. Overall, The Social, Economic and Ecological outcomes of the community forest of Thuan Chau district has increased moderately 1 INTRODUCTION Community forestry is a type of forestry model where significant roles in forest management to be decentralized (forest devolution), whereby the local community plays a significant role in forest management and land use decision making.
Its aim is to aim to increase accessibility for direct forest uses and their decision-making processes Thuan Chau district is one of the districts involving in KFW7 project and the 5 years management plan that mainly revolves around managing community forests In Vietnam, Community forests have historically been closely connected to the lives and beliefs of the resident communities, as they rely on the forests and forest resources for survival. Confronted with the decrease and degradation of forests as a result of practices like legal/illegal wood harvesting and slash and burn agriculture (Castella et al. 2005; Meyfroidt and Lambin 2008a, 2008b, 2009), the Vietnamese government has acknowledged community forest management as an effective practice garnering state concern and encouragement.The model of community forest will surely be expanded in the future to other provinces. As 2018 will be a sensitive year for the community forest of Thuan Chau when they reached the end phase of a pilot district.
Many evaluations will be made to decide whether the model of Community forest are good or not. Assessments for future improvement of community forest will be needed to make a better management, which leads to my study of: “Influence of relevant actors on the outcomes of community forestry in Thuan Chau district, Son La province” to provide insights for future management in Thuan Chau district as well as information for the model of community forest in the future. GOAL, OBJECTIVES AND METHODS 1.1 Goal The goal of this study is to make assessment of the influences from relevant actors on the outcomes of community forestry in Thuan Chau district, Son La province 1.2 Objective The objectives of this study are: - To Identification of actors and their interest in community forest - To Evaluate the outcomes of community forestry - To Estimate how actors‘ interests influence on CF‘s outcomes 1.1Study site This study was conducted in Chieng Bom,Tong Lenh,Bon Phang and Muoi Noi Commune, Thuan Chau District, Son La Province, ranging from 30 to 50 km away from central of Son La city. Thuan Chau district has an area of 1.533,4 km2 with population of 147.
The topography is high mountains. Over 80% of area is at the elevation of 1000m. The climate of all Commune is high mountain tropical climate with average temperature of 21. In rainy season, rainfall is from 2500 to 2700mm and average temperature of 27oC.
M a p o f C h i e n g Bom,Tong Lenh Bon Phang and Muoi Noi Commune, Thuan Chau District, Son La Province The study was based on forest status map and pilot research about site conditions to choose locations to conduct surveys and collect data. According to reports,Thuan Chau is one of the provinces that have the most remarkable community forestry activities in the country (Ngai 2009; Sang 2009). Because of the variety of communities, there is no common, one- 4 size-fits-all community forestry model that has been applied; rather, various models appropriate to the provinces‘specific conditions are needed. Social and natural characteristics such as the high poverty rate, high concentration of ethnic minorities, and amount of forest cover -in tandem with a long history of social forestry (Lung and Anh 2001)- are advantages for the effective implementation of community forestry practices.
These practices in turn directly contribute to the alleviation of poverty and hunger in the region.1 Criteria on research site selection Because there exists a wide variety of community groups currently in different phases of community forestry, the case studies for this research were selected according to several factors: the condition of the community forests, and with and/or without the support of international donors (Development phase was excluded since all CF of Thuan Chau has already reached their Advanced stage). Field observations revealed that some groups have implemented community forestry activities without the support of international donors, while others have already been established or are in the process of formal registration with international venues of support.2 Cases By relying on the given criteria and realistic conditions of the areas, the following research sites were selected for the study.1: Selected sites in Thuan Chau District Forest Forest Forest No. Commune user Stage Donor Type Value Group 1 Sang Protection Poor advanced Yes 2 Muoi Noi Xang Protection Poor advanced Yes Long 3 Protection Poor advanced Yes Phang 4 Co Protection Poor advanced Yes Chieng 5 Liu Protection Poor advanced Yes Bom 6 Khem Protection Poor advanced Yes Tong 7 Tham Protection Poor advanced No Lenh Bon 8 Phang Protection Poor advanced No Phang Since 2002, the District Authority has handed numerous forests over to local government units and legally recognized community forest user groups based on Provincial 5 Decision Nos. (LA-1;LA-2) During the field survey, I observed that the forests allocated to households and individuals are small production forests; protection forests (natural forests) are handed over to local governments and organizations for management and conservation purposes.
The Selected cases are located in 4 communes within Thuan Chau district,Son La Province. 6 of 8 cases have been selected as part of a pilot project in community forestry supported by international donors (KfW7) since 2010 the others have no external donor involvement. The criteria for rich and poor forests are based on the classification of forest status issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD). Community forest management is run by the Community Forest User Group Committee, normally led by village patriarchs.1 Network survey To identify actors involved in the community forest network, the first interviews with selected user groups have been conducted to get information of organizational structure, forests and respective tasks of the committee.
In addition, the questions on the partners from whom the users‘ committee has received information and supports have been raised. This allowed the study to get general notion of actors whom the users‘ committee was in collaboration with. At the same time, power elements were also examined in detail through quantitative measurements.2Questionnaire Questionnaires used for survey and interview will be based upon the Krott‘s survey model. However, the actual survey process will be improvised so the surveyors can provide information without troubles.3 Actor- Power Analysis Since the Community forest of Thuan Chau district has come to their final phase that has the decentralized decision-making authority , The Actor-Power Analysis will use the Actor-centred power frame work (ACP) as well as comparing the frequencies of actors involved.
Quantifying the value of power elements 1. Dominant Information: In which: - Tq refers to the quality of community forestry information provided by partner actors and assigned the values 3, 2, 1 and 0 equaling to: very good information; acceptable or good information; unacceptable information; and no information respectively. - Tv refers to the verification of provided information done by receiver, assigned the values 2, 1 or 0 equaling to: sometimes, never or always respectively. - T shows the reliability of a stakeholder to the others in the community forestry network, from full trust, trust and no trust at all.
Incentives: - I refers to the supports (finance, materials) provided by partner actors. 0 means no incentive; and 1 means there exists incentives either material; finance or disincentives. Coercion: in which: - Ci refers to one of the actors need to carry out activities related to the specific community forestry (0 not needed, 1 needed). - Cp refers to the permission gotten from one of mentioned actors to carry out activities related to the specific community forestry (0 not needed, 1 needed).
- C is coercive power indication (0 no coercive power indication, 1 indication of coercive power, 2 strong coercive power indication). Identifying group of powerful actors – Qualitative calculation 1. Percentage of relative power - Xi 7 - Percentage of relative power – Xi (Dominant information) - Percentage of relative power – Xi (Incentive) - Percentage of relative power – Xi (Coercion) Xi is defined as the percentage of maximum amount that an actor gets from the evaluation of the other actors in the network.