- Series A Reference To rs h Of Englis All Learne PO muro Fyslisi) INN aR BES i gem CRE Se Ỷ New 0Ì Updated egg , A Reference To English st GRAMMAR Fae a For All Learners of English daytlasYl de (puls £rao By Edwar Nagi Sedra 0122 344 34 23 Lar gall Ata game pills aulall @ 342 CONTENTS 1. Sequence Of TeENSeS .-----: ch HE ttHH HH gu 39 4. How to make a queSfÏO' .cteseceilddirkessekkEdeei kEksi hi EEesseAEak me k ine lênk ÀZ xà 72 154cc sa he vác nà 2341815 sãssEkeiasSVsssxEk l li vsul 89 6. MIÔda|- VeflŠr7t2:66cc- 9.
Active & Passive Voice. The Causative FOr. hie-u 112 raeaswass 131 HH. Infinitive and Gerund.
22201221121 nH TK TH TK antkb sa 153 14: (ACl|J6ÔÏVØS:. án neeisbieeeasit De ea isvaax roetTs es3A tss011 163 geepivg. n TH ng TT Tnhh kh key 173 16. Inversion of subject and verb after certain adv erbs i.
Additions to remarks, using auxiliary verbs. Kinds of sentence©s. ch e 181 nd ce. The compou senten.
The relative pronOoUnS. The complex sentence the adjective clause. TH vn ven 194. Clause Of purpose.
Clause of reSult 2. eee cee cece eeee ca eeceu essa ceeaeeeeanes 203 25, Glatise OF CAMS casi cence ted pitched janes senders nye. Bits aen wasamcess 205. Clause Of contraS†T.
nh nh nền Hờ 208. Clause Of (l3(: ii. The conditional claUsSe. Clause Of mann@r-.‹ cc- cà n h nh e, Bid ON.
Clause Of COMPAL IS. 252 wr ine? ne amenwa sinsce es FA NOU CLAUSES dnceassectejer acces nes ormcnenvunmrs sen teen wine 224 32. The use of capital letters & punctuati on marks .- --c cc~ «ss see 33. Pr@epoSÌtiOnS.
HH HH hiệp 34, Phrasal verĐŠ ,.eceoeaesesssa nnr sec ree eia yon couÖWsN or se Snbnrlen 22 vexiea 35. Verb + preposition + ing. On time / in time / at the end /in the end «. Verb + object + preposition.
Language fUNCHONS ooo. eee ccccecececeeeetteseecececeescceveceeseee: 278 Man doheehemnsaaesumaeó. nnS nh nho 287 44. Conjugation of Irregular Verbs tt He HÖc, ã 316 47.
Find the mistake. ite ee ee ee ee ee 331 - Verb To Be J~2l\ PresenC c L2. Past „2L Past Participle EMM diy pact I am He —*~ Was She IS | It —» been | They You are } ——> were _We } lama boy. She is clever.
They are in class I was in Alexandria yesterday. We were in Alexandria yesterday. We were in the garden last week. Next year I shall be in the university, VERB To Do Dee œ3 har Sed place) Present Past Past participle I We They do You did ——~ done He She does It | I do my work.
Bae cis — dar (ry (dO ) (1) I did my work yesterday. I shall do this exercise tomorrow. ASE Ge ural teal! Co Jedll a LL (do) ded (1) I do believe the truth. (for emphasis) asta, I did see the accident yesterday.
(for er [ 3 VÌ ie eel ⁄ - TỶ : VERB TO HAVE ets Jd ileal Present Past Past Participle I We L You have They. —_y had _ _ „ had He She - has It J I have a Car. Blas dita I have my breakfast at seven o’clock. ey J sisi I have to work hard to succeed.é must = have to ta TENSES The Simple Present Tense Luu!) ¢ jLoall ARL 2k Jh —EI ÿ J2] (O5 j4] jS2 Hải gs Lauall glen!) -1 eel) ae Jes aul i ductal) oles 14) AY (es) gl (s) cipes He — She - It - Aly — Mary — the sky (es) tlz, ch ch, x,O = = Seal (gai: Leis —Y Icross, he crosses.
| I rush, he rushes. I box, he boxes. I watch, she watches. I go, It goes.
_ I reach, she reaches.^ I carry, he carries. I hurry, she hurries. a, €, O, U, u,i J pote ipo L¢i (y) Lb pated (geet (il! (fed ; GUS Via Auth!) backend gat I obey, He obeys. I say, she says.
’ Nabe) ; (ái63)| cặc „321 — \ tựbu àyil e jL2all Jax5«¿ — Facts & Habits. e earth is round. Birds do not build nests in autumn. It rains in winter.
It gets hot in summer. (4 or & usually sas, rarely |. | Sila) ge Jai A) cats always L«il:, sometimes aon Lila! y often Lule, every JS, !J—a „ generally L_agec, scarcely |3, on Frequently Sundays, on Fridays (etc. Helmi always wears a dark suit.
Pupils come Chool every day. The cat often Sits there. pak hen, till (until) ger JAs) —Ý 1. Ishall stay until (till) you get back.
When he arrives, he will tell us all about it. The Simple Present Negative & Interrogative 1. Negative Interrogative I do not (don’t) speak English. Dot speak English ? (don’t + 514! ) Sarid Ai (S) cy deal ols 14) (do + deli + peal!) dz*2á ¿42.04 The Simple Present in Answer : 1.
Do you speak English ? Yes, I speak English. š „22+ S2] No, I don't speak English. š „-242 412] sư ald ps Ls Pt Ce clay dey! gi (do) 4 isu als l4]. đon/t + ¿+21 pata sn’t) speak English.
He speaks English. He does not (doe he doesn’t. No, he doesn’t speak English. No, 13 {day cá (es) si(s) dle (does) +—¬ dJ#~— ở doesn’t + presi) jeciud (dill 9 OL correct form: Ex, 1 (A) Put the verbs in brackets into the 1.
The policeman often (direct) the traffic. He generally (wear) a brown suit. The boys and girls (go) to the seaside Everyday. The earth (move) round itself.
pe hy ee aN J 8. We (speak) English in the English lessons.He laờnee English. The men drink tea. They speak a little English.
Janet likes chocolate. 5, He works at his desk. It costs a pound. The Present Continuous Tense „+! c L2! (am-is— are (to be Present) + infinitive + ing Jor og -1 A, @, 0, U,i GSLs hyp ay gil š l3 &háa cys rill Hyp Latics -1 wr Nd Jka L21 dị ^44 xả | cá ^ÌÍ các Cá 3 A4, hit, hitting — run, running.
— stop, mp — cut, cutting — put, putting — sit, sitting. Sats ips ABs GSLs Ch ns gly 9 Cyrhie cy hg) _Y da, cổ 1 J + Si) Lic aus ad biel gs 14 ảy| di =9 jas các L2) e, 0, U,i begin, beginning — prefer, preferring — admit, admitting. isla Y dL Gobi wis „xã yall ile bial ¥ enter ei!) Ui | entering = que: 4 589! cipal ' a,@, 0, U,i Sa is hs 4d, (T) ee iar cart ae | : 3 lia (I) các travel, travelling — signal, signalling. SAY) SAY) ga patina! ¢ lina) Jartng Ye I) Verbs of senses 524) Jka : see, hear, smell, notice.
II) Verbs of thinking —11)J/ + : think, feel, _ realize, Know, understand, mean, suppose, believe, ' expect, remember, recollect, forget, recall, trust, mind. ' III) Verbs of emotion 4ht!) JUsii : want, desire, refuse, forgive, wish, care, live, hate, love, like, dislike. / IV) Verbs of possessing 4—s1s) J-si : own, owe, belong, possess. V) The auxiliaries jsclusi Justi except jac i: be & have.—& Ji: appear (seem) 52, , contain, consist, keep (continue), concern, matter.
Cals Ais 5 OY) pate its Ge ái „le JLSAl font : Ađy| Now, at this moment, at present, still, look, listen. “Wo | Ane ÂÀ! ` 1x Ie res. i ao , \ ` ‘ ` 7 : 0a GỀI y3 Cots) ALLAN pn ya Lag 13) ý 1. It is raining now.
Look, the car is running madly. Lam not wearing a coat as it isn’t raining. Listen, birds are singing. She is still making the beds.At this moment the boys are playing.
pls) Abad aby ol by pally Cad 9 a Soe Ge wll ari - I am reading a book by Taha Hussain. Be By ety dy Qe td Gs a gt pin a oda dau daa ods LSUấ xá A1 lá Qui và chà pee Cal anny 1 Iam going to the theatre tonight. ALL) 98 Opell SN) Spe) (plied Aba) od ke listen, look, watch, see (2 4 Wu! ya) x Jud) aw ee dai s june date Gla oe jG 1. Don't disturb him, 4s¢3 ¥ he is listening to a redo play.
Why are you looking at the car. The police are watching the house. I'm seeing the doctor tomorrow at 11,00. The Present Continuous Negative & _Xnteropstiva.
` Negative i Interrogative ~4i~ She is working. She is not (isn’t) working. Is she working ? They are playing. They are not(aren’t)playing.
Are they playing? Ex.2(A) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. She (not work) now, she (swim) in the sea. Why Mary (not wear) her new cress ? 3. It (rain) ? Yes, it (rain) very hard, we can’t go out.
Who (make) that terrible noise ? It’s Janet, she (practise) the violin. What you (read) now ? 6. It’s a lovely day, the sun (shine) and the birds (sing). Now the fireman (come) down again.
2 (B) Put the verbs in brackets in the Simple Present or the Present Continuous. You can’t see Nagi now, he (have) a bath. He usually (drink) coffee, but today he (drink) tea. Neti 7 eel ig 3.
What she (do) in the evening ? She usually (study) her lessons or (listen) to music. I won't go out as it (rain) and I (not have) an umbrella. ONAN Ss In Spain Women usually (not wear) hats. You always (write) with your left hand ? You (love) him ? No, I (like) him very much.
He always (say) that he will mend the window, but he never (do) it. This car (make) a very strange noise. You (think) it’s all right ? 11.Mary usually (learn) language very quickly, but she (not seem) able to learn modern Greek. The kettle (boil) now.
Shall I make tea? 13. What this one (cost) ? It (cost) forty pence. He always (borrow) from me and never (remember) to pay me back. What he (do) to his car now ? I think he (polish) it.2 (C ) Choose the correct answer.This roast chicken (tastes — is tasting — tasted — taste) delicious 2.
She usually (sit — sits — is sitting) at the back of the class, but today she (sit — sits — is sitting) in the first row. A : When (does — is — has —will) she leaving for London? B : On the 6" of July. Ali usually (sell — sells — is selling) newspaper but this week he (is selling — sells — sell) magazines. (Is — Do — Does — Are) you seeing Nagi tomorrow ? 6.
He generally (comes — come — is coming) to my office, everyday but today he (visits — visit — is visiting) his parents in the country. Mary usually (wears — wear — is wearing) a hat to go shopping, but today as the sun (shines — shine — is shinning), she (does not wea, — is not wearing: — do not wear) one. He generally (speaks — speak — is speaking) Greek, but he (speaks — speak — is speaking) English now. 10- Janet (do — does — is doing) her homework now.
She usually (do — does — is doing) it in the evening. The Simple Future Tense 4.