OXFORD MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS Oxford Handbook of Perioperative Practice Published and forthcoming Oxford Handbooks in Nursing Oxford Handbook of Adult Nursing 2e Oxford Handbook of Cancer Nursing 2e Oxford Handbook of Cardiac Nursing 3e Oxford Handbook of Children’s and Young People’s Nursing 2e Oxford Handbook of Clinical Skills for Children’s and Young People’s Nursing Oxford Handbook of Critical Care Nursing 2e Oxford Handbook of Dental Nursing Oxford Handbook of Emergency Nursing 2e Oxford Handbook of Gastrointestinal Nursing 2e Oxford Handbook of Learning and Intellectual Disability Nursing 2e Oxford Handbook of Mental Health Nursing 2e Oxford Handbook of Midwifery 3e Oxford Handbook of Musculoskeletal Nursing 2e Oxford Handbook of Neuroscience Nursing 2e Oxford Handbook of Perioperative Practice 2e Oxford Handbook of Prescribing for Nurses and Allied Health Professionals 2e Oxford Handbook of Primary Care and Community Nursing 3e Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing 2e Oxford Handbook of Surgical Nursing Oxford Handbook of Trauma and Orthopaedic Nursing 2e Oxford Handbook of Women’s Health Nursing 2e OXFORD HANDBOOK OF Perioperative Practice SECOND EDITION EDITED BY Suzanne J. Hughes Senior Lecturer in Adult Nursing School of Healthcare Sciences University of Cardiff Cardiff, UK Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Oxford University Press 2023 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2009 Second Edition published in 2023 Impression: 1 All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2022930565 ISBN 978–0–19–878378–7 eISBN 978–0–19–108631–1 DOI: 10.0001 Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up-to-date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work.
Except where otherwise stated, drug dosages and recommendations are for the non- pregnant adult who is not breast-feeding Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work. To Ollie ‘Pedwerydd llawr i chi’ Love Mum x Acknowledgements The increasing scope and complexity of perioperative care makes it more challenging for a sole author to encompass. Therefore, this text adopts an inter-disciplinary and inter-professional approach, and I am very grateful to all the contributors from the original edition and the second edition for their commitment to this project.
Special thanks to Elizabeth Reeve, Senior Commissioning Editor at Oxford University Press, whose endless support, encouragement, and motivation has been very much appreciated; and has brought the project to fruition. Thanks also to Sylvia Warren, Senior Project Editor and Clement and Priya, Production Editors in India for their unwavering support and understanding. Also, a personal thanks to my previous co-editor, Andy Mardell for enabling me to build on our first edition. I also wish to thank and formally acknowledge the following organisations for permission to reproduce some of their material in this book: • Oxford University Press • Difficult Airway Society • Ethicon • World Health Organisation • Cardiff and Vale University Health Board • Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins To all current contributors, you made this possible and I cannot thank you enough for your patience.
The last few years have not been easy for anyone, but your support and unwavering professionalism has inspired me to finish this text. To my Mum and Dad, Anne and Brian Griffiths, who have been a consistent source of support and encouragement, throughout my life. My greatest role models, my inspiration, and my ardent supporters. There are not enough words I can say to describe just how important they have been to me, and what a powerful influence they continue to be.
I love you both and miss you so much. Finally, special thanks to my husband, Charlie, and my son, Oliver for their unconditional support and patience and frequent deliveries of food and champagne. I love you both. Preface The subject of this book relates to practice within the perioperative environment.
It addresses many key issues and outlines a thorough introduction to the principles and practice of anaesthetic practice, intraoperative care, post-anaesthesia practice and emergency care, including a comprehensive account of clinically focused aspects of this highly specialised discipline. The aim of the Oxford Handbook of Perioperative Practice second edition is to further provide practical, easily accessible, concise and up-to-date evidence-based guidelines relating to all the essential elements of perioperative practice. This book has continued to take an inter-disciplinary and inter-professional approach to perioperative practice with contributors comprising of educationalists and clinicians from the fields of nursing, operating department practice and pharmacy throughout the United Kingdom. This book is a sound introduction to perioperative practice for newly qualified practitioners, all those studying the subject or those who are considering embarking on a career in this highly specialised environment.
It is also intended to provide relevant and useful information at the fingertips of practitioners faced with managing difficult patient cases. It is by no means exhaustive of all arenas of perioperative practice but serves to assist perioperative practitioners to meet the needs of surgical patients to ensure safe and efficient care delivery and management of this clientele. I hope that you will find it useful and that it contributes to your transition from novice to advanced beginner perioperative practitioner. Hughes Editor Contents Surgical terms Symbols and abbreviations Contributors 1 Perioperative practice Suzanne J.
Hughes, Harri Jones, Andy Mardell, and Sandra Fender 2 Ethicolegal aspects of perioperative practice Kaye Jones and Suzanne J. Hughes 3 Admission of surgical patients Jayne Hancock, Suzanne J. Hughes, Ben Stanfield-Davies, Sian Bill, Melda Price, Sandra Fender, Gerwyn Jones, Alicia Stringfellow, Sue Barker, Gemma Stacey-Emile, Sarah Fry, Charles Hughes, and Tim Nagle 4 Preadmission management Suzanne J. Hughes 5 Patients with comorbidities Suzanne J.
Hughes, Beverley Johnson, Ben Stanfield-Davies, Neil Thomas, Susan Ward, Andrew Santos, Jayne Hancock, Gaynor Williams, Lindsey James-Lee, Claire Job, Georgios Tsigkas, and Natalea Purnell 6 Patient safety Suzanne J. Hughes, Geinor Bean, Andy Mardell, Sian Bill, Melda Price, and Peter McNee 7 Principles of anaesthesia Suzanne J. Hughes and Sherran Milton 8 Essential anaesthetic equipment Suzanne J. Hughes, Alex Bradbury, Sherran Milton, Anthony Pritchard, and Paul Hennessy 9 Scientific principles Suzanne J.
Hughes 10 Airway management Alex Harmer 11 Complications of anaesthesia Sherran Milton, Tim Lewis, Barbara Jones, and Nick Groves 12 Specialist anaesthesia Suzanne J. Hughes and Gaynor Hamlington 13 Patient skin preparation Melissa Rochon 14 Operating theatre practice Andy Mardell and Moyra Journeaux 15 Patient positioning for surgery Andy Mardell 16 Surgical equipment Hazel Smith, Katie Summerhill, and Alison James 17 Wound management Hazel Smith 18 Specialist surgery Suzanne J. Hughes, Afzal Zaidi, Katie Summerhill, and Georgios Tsigkas 19 Preparation of the post-anaesthetic care unit Ben Stanfield-Davies 20 Managing the post-anaesthesia patient Suzanne J. Hughes, Ben Stanfield-Davies, Gaynor Hamlington, Anthony Pritchard, Dawn Daniel, Nelson Selvaraj, Rachel Brent, and Jayne Hancock 21 Perioperative pharmacology Felicia Cox, Nisha Bhudia, and Suzanne J.
Hughes 22 Pain management Felicia Cox 23 Perioperative drugs Suzanne J. Hughes, Harri Jones, Rhys Jones, and Andy Parry 24 Fluid therapy and replacement Suzanne J. Hughes, Paul Hennessy, and Hannah Grainger 25 Emergency care Tim Lewis, Ricky Hellyar, Andy Parry, Jan Campsie, Suzanne J. Hughes, Andy Mardell, Jayne Hancock, Ben Stanfield-Davies, Neil Thomas, Susan Ward, and Lindsey James-Lee Index Surgical terms –ECTOMY: removal of an organ, for example, mastectomy, gastrectomy, orchidectomy, and colectomy.
–ITIS: inflammation of an organ or cavity, for example, appendicitis and peritonitis. –ORRHAPHY: repair of tissues, for example, herniorrhaphy. –OSCOPY: examination of a body cavity or deep structure using an instrument specifically designed for the purpose, for example, gastroscopy, laparoscopy, arthroscopy, and bronchoscopy. –OSTOMY: fashioning of an artificial communication between a hollow viscus and the skin, for example, tracheostomy, colostomy, and ileostomy.
The term may also apply to artificial openings between different viscera, for example, gastrojejunostomy and choledochoduodenostomy. –OTOMY: cutting open, for example, laparotomy, arteriotomy, fasciotomy, and thoracotomy. –PEXY: relocation and securing in position, for example, orchidopexy and rectopexy. –PLASTY: reconstruction, for example, pyloroplasty, mammoplasty, and arthroplasty.