Luận văn thạc sĩ về hiệu quả kỹ thuật của doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa trong ngành sản xuất tại Việt Nam

Tài liệu Hiệu quả kỹ thuật của doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa trong ngành sản xuất tại tổng hợp lý thuyết và thực hành, phục vụ học tập ngành

Trường đại học

University of Economics

Chuyên ngành

Development Economics

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Thesis

2013

62
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT

1. CHƯƠNG 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Scope of study

2. CHƯƠNG 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Theoretical framework for technical efficiency

2.2. Empirical literature on technical efficiency

3. CHƯƠNG 3: OVERVIEW VIET NAM SMEs AND DOMESTIC MANUFACTURING SECTOR

3.1. Overview of Vietnam SMEs

3.2. Domestic manufacturing sector

4. CHƯƠNG 4: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

4.1. Data and variables

5. CHƯƠNG 5: RESEARCH RESULT

6. CHƯƠNG 6: CONCLUSION AND POLICY RECOMEMDATON

REPERENCE APPENDIX

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIET NAM THE NETHERLANDS VIET NAM – NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS ------------------------------------------- TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN MANUFACTURING SECTOR IN VIET NAM By NGUYEN THI THU HUONG MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS Ho Chi Minh City, December 2013 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIET NAM THE NETHERLANDS VIET NAM – NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS ------------------------------------------- TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN MANUFACTURING SECTOR IN VIET NAM A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS By NGUYEN THI THU HUONG Academic supervisor Dr. PHAM KHANH NAM Ho Chi Minh City, December 2013 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper has could not be started and completed without the help of several individuals who supported me directly and indirectly. First of all, I appreciate my supervisor Dr. Pham Khanh Nam so much for his enthusiastic assistance. He has not only given me genuine intellectual guidance in academy but also encouraged me a lot through the analysis process. It is so hard for me to complete this research without his profound advice. Thus, I am very grateful to him. I am also thankful to Dr. Nguyen Trong Hoai for sharing his knowledge and practice experiences in researching which are very useful for this study. I am very grateful thank Dr. Truong Dang Thuy for his comment and advice about thesis research design. I also thank my friend Le Minh Tri for sharing his advantage discussions on econometric techniques. Last but not least, I would like to thank my parents, and all my other family members for their concern and invaluable moral support. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT Most enterprises in Viet Nam is Small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In 2009 SMEs account for 98,54 percent in total enterprises in economy. So, this paper examines the technical efficiency of small and medium enterprises in manufacturing sector in Viet Nam. The paper concentrated on evaluating the technical efficiency of the firms. Then it identifies the determinant of technical efficiency in these small and medium enterprises. The data set collected from survey of Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM), Department of education (DoE), and Institute of Labor Science and Social Affairs (ILSSA) in 2009 with 1. This paper resulted in a high technical efficiency in 2009. Levels of technical efficiency ranged from 0. Regarding factors influencing technical efficiency, the paper shows that only firm age and area have a positive relationship with technical efficiency. Others factor such as firm size, sub-contractor, competitor, enterprise launched new product and improve product have a negative relationship. Keywords: small and medium enterprise in manufacturing sector, technical efficiency, stochastic frontier production function, determinant, Viet Nam. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………….3 Scope of study………………………………………………………….3 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………………….1 Theoretical framework for technical efficiency……………………….2 Empirical literature on technical efficiency………………………….19 CHAPTER 3: OVERVIEW VIET NAM SMEs AND DOMESTIC MANUFACTURING SECTOR…………………………………………………….1 Overview of Vietnam SMEs………………………………………….2 Domestic manufacturing sector………………………………………26 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………………………….2 Data and variables…………………………………………………….31 CHAPTER 5: RESEARCH RESULT………………………………………………34 5.36 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND POLICY RECOMEMDATON…………….45 REPERENCE APPENDIX LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com List of Tables Table 1: Definition for Small and Medium Enterprises in Viet Nam……….21 Table 2: Enterprises by labor scale and type in 2009…………………………23 Table 3: Enterprise by capital size and economic sector and type in 2009.23 Table 4: Contributions to State budget of SME in the 2007-2009 periods………………………………………………………………….25 Table 5: Variables and their descriptive……… .……………………………32 Table 6: Deterministic statistic of main variables…………………………….34 Table 7: Correlation coefficient of variables………………………………….37 Table 8: Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test………………………………….38 Table 9: Distribution of Efficiency Level of Sample Firms……………. ……38 Table 10: Average Efficiency Level by Firm Size………………………………39 Table 11: Estimate frontier production function using Cob-Douglas production function………………………………….40 Table 12: Determinant of technical efficiency……………………….…………42 Table 13: Number of enterprises by labor scale in 2000 to 2009…………….52 Table 14: Laborers by sector.52 Table 15: Gross output of industry at constant 1994 prices……………………53 Table 16: Manufacturing SMEs in Operation (2006-2009)…………………….54 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com List of Figures Figure 1: Technical, allocative, and overall efficiency…………………………………5 Figure 2: Production frontier and technical efficiency………………………………….6 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Problem statement Since Innovation 1986, private ownership has been encouraged in industries, commerce and agriculture. Thanks largely to these reforms, Vietnam achieved around 8% annual GDP growth from 1990 to 1997, and the economy continued to grow at an annual rate of around 7 percent from 2000 to 2005, making Vietnam become one of the world's fastest growing economies. Growth still remained strong during the late 2000s global recession, holding at 6. The development is still stable until now, especially in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). SMEs are the most important part of Viet Nam economy. They play a vital role in promoting economic growth, increasing national income, creating jobs for workers and contributing to the economic restructuring towards industrialization. According to the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI), until the date of 31/12/2011, Viet Nam has 543,963 enterprises. In that, there are nearly 97 percent of small and medium enterprises, mainly private businesses. SMEs use 51 percent of the workforce and contribute more than 40 percent of the national GDP. If we take 133,000 cooperatives, farms and about 3 million individual businesses, this region contributes up to 60 percent of GDP. SMEs not only contribute significantly to the economic development of the country, but also create more than one million new jobs per year for the most untrained labor, contribute to poverty reduction, enhance security society. Manufacturing is one of the main fields of SMEs. Output of manufacturing accounted for 51.3 percent in total gross output of industry (2009). It has also made significant contributions to the Gross domestic product (GDP). However this figure has gone down through several years: 21.22 percent in 2008 and reduced to 19. The question is: why did this figure reduce? Because productivity growth is contributed by many factors such as scale efficiency change, 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com technical efficiency change and technical progress. So, the reduction bases on this factor? Many papers in previous time showed that technical efficiency is the important factor effecting to productivity growth: Viet Le (2011), Viet Le and Charles Harvies (2010), Hung T. Dao and Barry Reilly (2010); Nguyen Khac Minh and Giang Thanh Long (2007); Nguyen Thang (2005); Tran Thị Bich (2008); Pham (2009); Nguyen Khac Minh (2007). Most of these studies used firm level data from surveys in 1997, 2002, 2005, 2007. Their technical efficiency reached more than 30 percent to nearly 90 percent. It means that the firm can increase their current level of output with the same level of input to reach maximum efficiency. Furthermore, the determinant of technical efficiency is also an import matter to concern. Nunes (2011) shows that age and size as well as cash flow is restrictive factors of the growth in SMEs. In Viet Nam, number of labor in manufacturing sector of the SMEs is 5,665 thousand people in 2007 and increase up to 6,449 people in 2009. The number of enterprise also increases from 155,771 enterprises to 248,842 enterprises in 2009 (nearly 63 percent increasing). Other factor contributing to productivity is material. Material is the most important to industry, especially in manufacturing. That is essential input in production process. By using inputs effectively the enterprises can raise output. Besides, there are many factors related to technical efficiency include internal factors and external factors. So, it is necessary to continue researching technical efficiency in firm, especially in manufacturing SMEs in Viet Nam. The question is which level of technical efficiency in manufacturing SMEs is and what factors affect technical efficiency? Which policy we can use to improve technical efficiency? So, this paper will estimate the technical efficiency of Vietnamese manufacturing SMEs to evaluate firm performance and answer above question. 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.2 Research objective General research objective of this thesis is to investigate technical efficiency of small and medium enterprise in manufacturing sector in Viet Nam. Specific of objectives are: a. To measure technical efficiency of manufacturing SMEs in Vietnam b. To examine determinants of technical efficiency of manufacturing SMEs in Vietnam 1.3 Scope of study The analytical unit in this thesis is small and medium enterprises in manufacturing sector in Viet Nam. The reason for choosing manufacturing industry is this industry uses the same production function. So, there will be an overview of the effectiveness of this sector without bias. Thereby overall assessment of the effectiveness of the sector and make appropriate policy. The year was selected for this study is 2009. The previous years there have been a lot of studies evaluating the effectiveness of TE in SMEs: 2002, 2005, and 2007. In 2009 SMEs are more variable, increasing both the number of employees and the size of the enterprises. So assessing the increasing or decreasing of TE is necessary. Thereby the Government will have the appropriate policies in order to maintain and increase the TE next years. The methodology chosen is stochastic frontier approach. This paper used stochastic frontier model to investigate technical efficiency in manufacturing sector by using Cobb-Douglas production function and Transcendental-logarithm (Translog) production function. And the technique is running software Frontier 4.1 developed by Collie (2005). 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com The paper is structured as follows. The next section is an overview of Vietnamese SMEs and manufacturing sector. Then, the paper uses data collected from the survey of 2009 in manufacturing SMEs to evaluate the technical efficiency. I bases on stochastic frontier production function to use methodology parametric approach. I also find down some empirical that affects the technical efficiency. Then the paper identifies several policy recommendations to improve the technical efficiency. 4 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Theoretical framework for technical efficiency Many researchers have analyzed performance of firm, especially manufacturing SMEs. Kalirajan and Shand (1999) and Farrell (1957) defined technical efficiency in the i-th firm is: TE = Yi/Y*i (1) Where: TE: Technical efficiency of firm Yi: Actual output Y*i: Maximum possible output That is a basis model to estimate. But, maximum possible output is imperceptible and must be estimated. Figure 1: Technical, allocative, and overall efficiency Source: Farrell (1957) 5 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Figure 2: Production frontier and technical efficiency Source: Kalirajan and Shand (1999) Figure 1 shows the classic framework to define overall efficiency in two technical efficiency and allocative efficiency. By using two inputs (X1, X1) the enterprises produce Output (Y). In this figure the efficiency unit isoquant is Y=1. This equation shows all technical efficiency combinations. The figure 1, P present that the enterprises uses high levels of input to produce output at Y=1. At that level of input the enterprise do not reach high technical efficiency. The ratio between optimal and actual resource use (OR/OP) is magnitude of technical efficiency. Any point on the line Y=1 is technical efficiency. At point Q, the enterprise use the minimum cost. Besides, if efficiency includes relative factor price, it is indentified allocative efficiency OS/OR. So, the overall efficiency is OS/OP. 6 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Figure 2 shows the approach of production frontier and technical efficiency. Enterprise uses input x to produce output Q. At point A, a technical efficiency firm lies on the production frontier. At point B, the firm is technical inefficiency.

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