Giải Thích Khoa Học Khí Hậu và Hiện Tượng Ấm Lên Toàn Cầu của Terry Sloan

Trường đại học

Lancaster University

Chuyên ngành

Climate Science

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

essay

2016

16
1
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

FOREWORD

PREFACE

1. CHƯƠNG 1: MAN-MADE GLOBAL WARMING – AN OVERVIEW

1.2. Why do greenhouse gases cause global warming?

1.3. A simple picture of man-made global warming

1.4. The more complete picture

1.5. Conclusion

2. CHƯƠNG 2: DRIVERS OF THE CLIMATE

2.1. The difference between weather and climate

2.2. Overview of the climate

2.3. Heat energy transfer

2.5. Warming of the Earth’s surface due to greenhouse gases

3. CHƯƠNG 3: THE ATMOSPHERE

3.1. Structure of the atmosphere

3.2. Variation of pressure with altitude

3.3. Variation of temperature with altitude in the troposphere – the lapse rate

3.5. The ozone layer

3.6. The atmospheric electric circuit

3.7. Conclusions

4. CHƯƠNG 4: THE PRINCIPLES OF CLOUD FORMATION

4.2. Constituents of clouds

4.5. The formation of cloud droplets from CCN

4.6. The effect of electric charge on the formation of water droplets

4.7. Cosmic rays and cloud formation

4.8. The hypothesis that ionization affects cloud formation

4.9. Attempts to corroborate the hypothesised connection between cosmic rays and the climate

4.1. The pressure inside a curved surface due to surface tension

Appendix 4.2 Derivation of the Kelvin Formula

5. CHƯƠNG 5: ENERGY CIRCULATION AND MONITORING

5.4. The wind direction

5.6. The circulation of the oceans

5.7. Monitoring of the oceans and atmosphere

5.8. The rising sea level

6. CHƯƠNG 6: ABSORPTION OF INFRA-RED RADIATION

6.3. The broadening of spectral lines

6.4. Absorption of radiation

6.5. The absorbance of the atmosphere

6.1. Semi-classical argument to justify equation

6.2. Doppler broadening of spectral lines – proof of equation

6.2. Warming of the Earth’s surface by greenhouse gases

6.3. The effect of increasing carbon dioxide levels – a simple picture

7. CHƯƠNG 7

7.4. More complete models of the climate

7.6. Conclusions

Appendix A7 Derivation of equation 7.2

8. CHƯƠNG 8: MEASUREMENT OF THE AVERAGE GLOBAL TEMPERATURE

8.2. Determination of the average temperatures from measurements on the Earth’s surface

8.3. Measurements from space

8.4. Comparison of satellite and surface measurements of the global average temperature

Appendix A8 Basic statistics

9. CHƯƠNG 9: HISTORY OF THE EARTH AND ITS CLIMATE

9.2. Formation of the Solar System

9.3. The Early Earth

9.4. The Phanerozoic Eon starting about 540 million years ago

9.5. The last several million years

9.1. Fourier Analysis

10. CHƯƠNG 10: THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE (IPCC)

10.1. Introduction to the IPCC

10.3. Components of the scientific task

10.5. The ‘balancing-out process’

10.6. The IPCC Review Process

10.7. The IPCC’s caution

10.8. The IPCC report AR5

10.9. Governmental Responses to the IPCC

11. CHƯƠNG 11: EPILOGUE

ENDNOTES

Introductory climate science global warming explained terry sloan