VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ADVANCED PROGRAM IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS LE THINH - 18521437 VO QUOC BINH- 19520417 THESIS GRADUATION A SOLUTION FOR SELF-CHECKOUT SYSTEM IN SMART SHOPPING BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS THESIS ADVISOR Ph. CAO THI NHAN HO CHI MINH, 2023 ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE The assessment committee is established under the Decision. by Rector of the University of Information Technology | — Chairman. cece cee ne eee ence tee eeaeeeeeeaeenaeennes — Secretary.
ADVISOR COMMENTS Ẩ&©©ee©e©ee©e©eee©e°eee©°e°oe°e°oee°e°eoee°oôoee°oôoee°odoee°eoee°eooe°eôeoee°eoôeeoeeoeeeoee°eoeeeoeeoee°eoeeeoeeeoeeeoeeeeeee Ẳ©©seee©ee©eee©°e°e°ee°od°e°eẨeo°e°eô°oee°oôeoee°oôoee°oôoee°eoee°eoee°oôeoee°eoeeeoeeeoe°eoee°eoeeeoeeeoeeeoeeeoeeeoeeeoeeeeeee .ỐÚỒỐÚỐÚỐốÁốỐố. Ẩ©Ẵ©seeeeoeeeoee°eoee°eoeoeeooeoeoeooeoeoeeooeoeeeooeoeoeeoeooeeoeeooeeooeoeooeeooeeoeeeoeeeoeeeoeeeoeeeoeeeeeee. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to express our deepest gratitude to our supervisor, Ph. Cao Thi Nhan, for her invaluable guidance, unwavering support, and insightful feedback throughout the entire process of researching and writing this thesis.
Her expertise and encouragement have not only motivated us in all the time of our academic research, but have also enriched our understanding of the subject matter. We are very fortunate to have her not only being our mentor but also a source of inspiration. Her belief in our team's potential and the project's significance has been a driving force behind our journey. The mentorship provided has not only contributed to the academic knowledge of this thesis but has also influenced my approach to future scholarly endeavors.
Moreover, we would also like to thank all the lecturers in the University of Information Technology — VietNam National University — Ho Chi Minh City, especially the lecturers in the Faculty of Information Systems, who have provided us invaluable knowledge throughout academic years. Beyond the academic realm, we are indebted to our family for their unwavering support and understanding. Their encouragement during challenging moments and celebration during milestones have been a source of motivation. To our friends, who provided not only supportive energy but also occasional distractions that brought much-needed balance during intense periods of research.
This thesis is a collective achievement, a testament to the collaborative spirit of our team and the guidance of Ph. Cao Thi Nhan. We are thankful for the enriching experience and the opportunity to work with such dedicated individuals. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter1.
Scope of the research 3 1. Advantage and disadvantage 5 1. Structure of thesis 10 Chapter 2. LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT 11 2.
Self-Service Technology 11 2. Consumer motivation to use SST 13 2. Technology and SST adoption 13 2. SST and attributes 14 2.
SST users and non-users 15 2. SST benefits and motivations 16 2. Self-Service in Retailer 19 2. Self-Scanning Service 20 2.
Behavioral Theoretical Background 21 2. Technology Acceptance Model 22 2. TAM Extensions 25 Chapter 3. Research Context and Methodology 26 3.
Internet of thing 26 3. Definition of RFID 28 3. Advantage of RFID in comparison to barcode 35 3. Application of RFID in Retail 37 3.
Companies Utilizes RFID Technology 44 3. Component RFID in IOT Development 56 Low-Frequency Tags (LF) 57 High-Frequency Tags (HF) - Most widely used around the world 58 3. Esp8266 WIFI module 64 3. _ Integrated checkout System 72 Chapter 4.
| Construct A sample RFID Checkout Models 74 4. System Analyze and Design 74 4. | Use-case model 74 4. Use-case specification and activities diagram 79 4.
Development model for Self Checkout in Smart Shopping 137 4. Summary of key finding 170 5. Future Research 171 REFERENCES 172 APPENDIX 173 LIST OF FIGURES II›ns-020ÿ. 23 Figure 3-1: HOW RFID WOTkS.-----«-+cs<c+xrtxrkttrrttrrttrirtiiiiiririiriiriiiriiie 30 Figure 3-2: “Smart Label Inlays” adapted by Stefan Hofmayr.
31 Figure 3-3: “RFID-tag Gistinction” .essssesssssssseessstescsseessnteessneeseseessnteesseessneeesneeesneessasess 31 Figure 3-4: Commercially exploited bands of the radio-frequency spectrum.32 Figure 3-5: “Electronic Product Code TType Í”.-e-cceereeeiriiririirirre 34 Figure 3-6: UNIQLO RFID tags are embedded with UHF RFID tags. 45 Figure 3-7: Slim UHF Tag u.scesssssssesssesssecsssesssesssessssesseessssessseessessssessueesssessueesasessessusesseesneesases 46 Figure 3-8: Omnidirectional RFID Label .eesseeesseesssessssessesssstesseessteesseesntessteesntessteesneesaass 46 Figure 3-9: Good directional RFID labelL.----e--cssreerxeersreerrrxrirrrrerrree 46 Figure 3-10: UNIQLO smart SCr€CM .seeseeessesseesecstesstesseeseesteeneessesstessessseesteestesseesesatesseenseess 47 Figure 3-11: UNIQLO self-checkout proC@dUTG.««--cceecrrxerrrrrrrrrerrrrrrree 49 Figure 3-12: UNIQLO revenue in 24h on 11-11-2018 .----‹e«eeccxeeeee 51 Figure 3-13: DECATHLON HEADQUARTER.--sscc ii 52 Figure 3-14: Herve D’Halluin, leader of RFID at Decathlon.-- 52 Figure 3-15: Amazon just walk out S€CtÏOII.--5cccSreekerkireiriirrre 55 Figure 3-16: Amazon implemented RFID tag.---se-cccsersreerrrerrrrrrrrrree 56 Figure 4-1: Admin USE CASE .-cccsccrtetrrrrtrrrrttrtrtrriertrirrrriirrrrirrirrrrirrrrrrrreree 74 Figure 4-2: Write item data to RFID tag detail US€ CaS@.-cc-ccceereee 75 Figure 4-3: Manage inventory detail USC CAS@. «series 75 Figure 4-4: Manage product detail US€ CASE.essesssssessesstsssstesseesntesseesntessiessntessteenneesaaes 75 Figure 4-5: Mange profile detail USC CaSC .seesssssssesseestesstsssstesseesntessteesntesstessntessteesneesaass 75 Figure 4-6: Mange order detail US€ CaSe .esseesssesssecssesssesssessssessseessserseesssesseessssesseessneessses 76 Figure 4-7: CUStOMEL USEC CASE. essessecsectesesstecstesecstecstessecseecntssseesteesessseestecatesseestesatesseenseess 76 Figure 4-8: View product detail US€ CaSC .seesssessesstesesstsssstesssessstesseesntessiessseessteesneesaaes 77 Figure 4-9: Manage mobile cart detail USC CaSC .ssssssesssscsssesssessssesseessssesseessseesssessneessees 77 Figure 4-10: Self checkout detail uS€ CaSC.sesssessstesssesssntesssteersntessseersneessseessntessasess 77 Figure 4-11: Manage self-checkout counter detail use €aSe.--------+ 78 Figure 4-12: Manage memberShÏjp.----s---cssecrrxrrrrtrtrrrrtrriirrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrierrree 78 Figure 4-13: Login fOr ACID.
80 Figure 4-14: Logout FOF admiin.---cs«ccxsekxesrietkkrtkrirtrirtiiitriririirrrrirrrrrike 81 Figure 4-15: Write item data to RFID tag.e-csceeerrirrrriirriirrririrrrrree 82 Figure 4-16: [nSert DFOdUCT.-scc vi th tr rrrrriey 84 Figure 4-17: Update pFOUC. cty nykt 85 Figure 4-18: Delete prOdUCE.--ccs<ccrkeerrrkrtrrrirttrirrrriirrrirrrrirrrirrirrrrerrierrie 86 Figure 4-19: Search DFOdUCE.--c-+cc+crkstrkrtErirttirtkrirtririiiiiriiiriiriirrrrrie 87 Figure 4-20: View order ni. 88 Figure 4-21: SearCh OTT.--- «-©55<+xtExktEEEEEk HH HH1 1H11 rie 89 Figure 4-22: Scan RFID item tO CATE.--cccsccrvecrektstrirrriikirtrirrrirrrirrirrrree 90 Figure 4-23: Delete item from Mobile Carta. eseecsseessseccsteessseeesteesseecssteeeseeesneeeeneeeees 92 Figure 4-24: View product information .c-ccccssreereekrirtirtrkiirierree 95 Figure 4-25: TM POT INVENCOLY.eeeeseecseecseesseeseeseesseenseeseessesteceatesseenseeaeesseeneenteeaeeneesneesaeenseess 96 Figure 4-26: Inventory CHECK .ccesscsssecsssetessesssccsssaseessscsensesssecessesssesssecessessseecssessusesseessaessseees 97 Figure 4-27: Add item to ChecKOUt CaF.--ccsccscsccrersrertrrirrrriirtrrirrrrerrrirree 98 Figure 4-28: Delete item from checkoutf CaFĂ.------ccccsexrrseretrrrrrrrrrrree 100 Figure 4-29: Change DASSWOFC.
s--c5+sSkE TH HH re 101 Figure 4-30: View product inforImatÏOI.ee--ccxererrerrrrerrrrirrrrrrrriirrrrrerrrre 102 Figure 4-31: Search product detalÌ,.------ccsecerrerrrrrrrrirtrirrrrrirrrrirrrirrriree 103 Figure 4-32: Register MEMbETSHIP.eecseccssecseecseecseesssecsseessseesseeseesseessseesssessueesseersseeses 104 Figure 4-33: Membership get Point. eesscsssecsssecssecsessssecsessssecssessssecssessseeestecsseessseeseesss 105 Figure 4-34: SCCULILY Sate .sesseecssecsesstecseecsessseeseesseesseestessessseestessessseestesseeseestesseeneesseenseeaseeaes 106 Figure 4-35: Sequence Sign in for AMIN .-----cccecerieerirrrririrririirrree 107 Figure 4-36: Sequence Write item data to RFID tag .--c-ceree 108 Figure 4-37: Sequence IMPOrt INVENOTY. eee sen Ha ườu 109 Figure 4-38: Sequence Inventory CheCÌK. «-sxsccveekxeekreertetkriitrrrrrrirrierrree 110 Figure 4-39: Sequence Insert Product.sscsssecssccssecseecssecseesssecsseessseeseesseessseeseesseeeseesss 111 Figure 4-40: Sequence Update product .csscssssssessssssssesssessssesssesssesseesseesssesseesseessesses 112 Figure 4-41: Sequence delete pFOdUCE.-cccecrrrrrrirrrriirrrirrrrirrirrrirriree 113 Figure 4-42: SEQUENCE search DFOdUCE .seecsssssesssecseessesssesseesesseesseesseeseesseesesseeeseesseeseerees 114 Figure 4-43: Sequence Change pASSWOT.«-cccscteekeekrieerirtkriirrirrirrrrree 115 Figure 4-44: Sequence View Order hÏSOFV.--c-ccrxererrirtrrrrrrrirrrrirrrrrirrrriee 116 Figure 4-45: SEQUENCE searCh OLE avcsecsssscsssecsseecssecssecsssecssecsseeessecsseeeseessseesssessseesseersseesss 117 Figure 4-46: Sequence View Product etal .scsssssesssecsssessessssessessseesssessseesssessseesss 118 Figure 4-47: Sequence add to mobile CaFĂ.---ss-csscccxrrrrerrrrkerrrrerrrrreree 119 Figure 4-48: Sequence delete from mobile CaF.------c-«ccccsrereesrrrreree 120 Figure 4-49: Sequence add to checkouf CaTỂ.--cs«5c«scveerxeeereerreerrrerrerrree 121 Figure 4-50: Sequence delete from checkout CaFĂ.--«-ccccccsrxereresrrrrree 122 Figure 4-51: Sequence Self CHECKOUL.csessesessecsseseessesneesesssecseeseessesseesseesteeseeseeseeses 123 Figure 4-52: Sequence Register membershÏp.------cc-s+-rsererxrrsererrree 124 Figure 4-53: Sequence Membership get pOoinf.----xececxserrrererrsrrrrree 125 Figure 4-54: SEQUENCE SCCULILY Ø4f@.--s-cc+crsrrrrrirrrirrirtrirrrirrirrirrrrrrrrirrrree 126 Figure 4-55: Class admin manageImennt.---‹----xeecxeereerreekrtetkrrtrrrrrrrrree 127 Figure 4-56: Class MANAGE pFOdUC.---cs-cs<SSxteeEeEEkitkrirtrkrtkrirtrirrrrrrrrrrke 128 Figure 4-57: Class MANAGE OT@F.------+xxcsrketkkrttrirtriitkiirrririiiiiriiiirrree 128 Figure 4-58: Class manage ÏnV€TOFV.--c-‹--+ckrtkretEkiiiEirriiiiiiiiiirie 129 Figure 4-59: Class manage mobile CaFĂ.-----cssscccverrrrrrrrterrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrree 130 Figure 4-60: C]ASS CUSCOMEL .c--c<ccrsErrtErrttrirttrirttrirtiriiririiiirririrree 131 Figure 4-61: Database SCHEMA.sesssesesssescsstessnteesstecssteeesneecsnseecsneessaeeesatessaeessatessnneessaees 132 Figure 4-62: Customer Scan QR code to access Mobile Cart.
137 Figure 4-63: Mobile Cart with imstructions Ì.---ceerreerrrireree 138 Figure 4-64: Mobile Cart with instructions 2.ecereeeriririirirree 139 Figure 4-65: Product details MOA]. eessssssessescsecsessssesseesstecseesssesstessaeesstesseessteesieesse 140 Figure 4-66: Mobile Cart Ít€rms.-----cccxkrerrirtrirriiriiiiiriiiiriiiree 141 Figure 4-67: Checkout Counter Home Page.---cecccveerteeerieerirerrirrrrrree 142 Figure 4-68: Checkout Counter with Scanned ÏItem.------c-secessxersess 143 Figure 4-69: Transfer Mobile Cart to Checkout Counter. 144 Figure 4-70: Input Cart ID to Get Item from Mobile Cart to Checkout Counter mw. 144 Figure 4-71: Transfer Successfully Mobile Cart to Checkout Counter.
145 Figure 4-72: Select Payment Method.-----ccrrerrrrrrtrrirrrriirrrrrrrrrrrrree 146 Figure 4-73: Select VNPAY payment method.«-csecxeeerreekreerrrerrerrree 146 Figure 4-74: Select payment method.--cssccxcekreeriekriieriieiriirrrrrrrrrrier 147 Figure 4-75: Checkout with MOMO QRCode.--cccccceeeeerreerreerserrrervee 147 Figure 4-76: Checkout with MOMO atm.-c-ceckireiriiiiriiiiree 148 Figure 4-77: Write data to RFID tag.--cccccekhnhiH re 149 Figure 4-78: Write RFID page with Written Tag. «ri 150 Figure 4-79: Manage Inventory PgBe.-------c- set 151 Figure 4-80: Import Item to Inventory with Empty item.---‹«- 151 Figure 4-81: Import Item to Inventory with Scanned Item. 152 Figure 4-82: Manage OTer.Erirtrkrttrirtriitriiririiiiriiiiriirirrree 153 Figure 4-83: Manage Ordered Item.---s«cscxxcerrereriitrrirrrriirrrirrrirrriee 153 Figure 4-84: Checkout InfOrImatÏOH.--ccsscscxeeerrtererkirtrrrrrriirrrrrrrrirrrriee 154 Figure 4-85: Product Home Page.cccccsssssssssesssessseessessesssseesseesssteesteesatesseeeseessseeseessteeseeses 155 Figure 4-86: Create PFOdUCE. 157 Figure 4-88: Product StOcK in ÏnVeTIfOTY.«-ecceeerirrrrirriirrrrirrirrrirrriee 158 Figure 4-89: Number of item scanned.------csccrxererkertrrerrriirrrrirrrriirrrrree 158 Figure 4-90: Product income dashboard .----seccceserrterrrirrrrirrrriirrrrrriee 159 Figure 4-91: Number of time a product was SOI .--c-<ccecxeesereerree 159 Figure 4-92: Revenue DY Cate .eeccesssesssessesssesssessesssecsseseessesssesseestecseesneesseeseesseessesseesseesseeses 160 Figure 4-93: Revenue by monnth.---ss-ccsxscrrxerrrrrtrrtrtrrrirtrrrrrrrrrrrirrrrrrrrrrree 160 Figure 4-94: Payment method uSag@.-------ccsecrrrterrrrrrrirrrrrirrrrrrrrrrrrree 161 Figure 4-95: Security gate With MFRC522 .--ccekiekkiieriikiiiiirree 162 Figure 4-96: Invoice after enter Se€CUTÏtV Zate wn .eecsssessecsssecssecseesstessseesssessseessseeseeeees 163 Figure 4-97: Security pop up for verifying Ïtem.----«-cceecseexceerreerree 164 Figure 4-98: Security gate show product need to be VerlfY.
165 Figure 4-99: List of item verified successfulÌy.-------rserirriirre 166 Figure 4-100: The gate locked after an unpaid item detected. 167 Figure 4-101: List of Unpaid item.--c-s«cerxeerrrierrrrirtrrirrrrrirrirrrrrrrrierrrre 167 Figure 4-102: The gate unlocked after all item Verified. 168 LIST OF TABLES Table 3-1: RFID-Frequencies. Sources: „Operating Frequencies “by Electro- Com: 2004, Intermec 2004 wc ccccscscscsssscssesscscsssssesssssecssssesssssesssseseevecssesesesesessssenerevessseseeeeeaes 34 Table 3-2: Advantage of RFID over baFCO@.--cce-ccesererrkrrererrrterirrrkrkke 37 Table 4-1: List Of aCEOTS.-- 5-52 HH HH HH HH gà này 78 Table 4-2: List Of USC CAS©.
-S+ HH HH HH H111 ghi. 79 Table 4-3: Database description for Order-.-----c-crscxrrerrirrrirrrreree 133 Table 4-4:Database description for PrOducct .cssssssssessssssssesssessssesseessseesssessseesssessseeses 134 Table 4-5: Database description for OrderÏte1m.---‹«‹cceecxeexeeeereerree 134 Table 4-6: Database description for RFID tag.-------ccsereexrrsrrirerre 135 Table 4-7: Database description fOr S€TF. -- sc5ceeceserveereextserteerexrserreerxee 135 Table 4-8: Database description for Cart Ïfem.«--c«ecccsrveerxeeereerrerrree 136 Table 4-9: Database description for MemberShiip.--‹«-cccvececeeeerrsee 136 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ABSTRACT The integration of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology into retail environments has led to the development of efficient and convenient self-checkout systems. This research conducts an in-depth development of a self-checkout system enhanced by RFID tag technology.
The system leverages RFID tags attached to each retail item to enable seamless and automated transaction processes. By utilizing RFID technology, the self-checkout system eliminates the need for manual barcode scanning, reducing customer wait times and enhancing the overall shopping experience. The checkout turnover rate increases because the checkout desk work on the store side is reduced. When it is crowded with people, it is possible to prevent congestion at the checkout counter by installing multiple payment machines.
Eliminating congestion at the checkout counter increases customer satisfaction and prevents crowds around the checkout counter. The system architecture includes REID readers; a web site system receives the data from RFID reader and process the payment of shopping session. By studying methodologies like Communication between Web system and IOT device through MQTT protocol and automatic shopping smart system, the result will be a fully automatic system of shopping and payment. Furthermore, the research addresses potential challenges such as tag readability, privacy concerns.
Overall, this study demonstrates the transformative potential of integrating RFID tags into self-checkout systems, paving the way for more efficient, customer-centric retail experiences. INTRODUCTION In the fast-paced world of modern retail, convenience and efficiency are paramount. With the emergence of self-checkout systems, consumers have been empowered to take control of their shopping experience, reducing wait times and streamlining the transaction process. One technology that has played a pivotal role in enhancing the self-checkout experience is Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID).
RFID has emerged as a transformative force, offering numerous advantages in inventory management, loss prevention, and customer satisfaction within the retail industry. This thesis explores the integration of RFID technology into self-checkout systems, shedding light on the profound impact it has had on the retail landscape. As self-checkout becomes increasingly prevalent in supermarkets, department stores, and other retail environments, understanding the role of RFID in optimizing this process is essential. This introduction provides an overview of the motivations, objectives, and structure of this thesis, setting the stage for a comprehensive examination of the subject.
Motivation The motivation behind this research lies in the growing significance of RFID technology within the realm of retail. As the global retail industry continues to evolve, it faces various challenges, including inventory inaccuracies, shoplifting, and the need to enhance the overall shopping experience. Self-checkout systems have become a popular solution to address these challenges, but their efficiency depends on the accuracy of inventory management.