MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING STATE BANK OF VIETNAM BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY GRADUATION THESIS FACTORS INFLUENCING PROFITIBILITY OF JOINT-STOCK COMMERCIAL BANKS IN VIETNAM MAJOR: FINANCE – BANKING CODE: 7340201 VO ANH THU HO CHI MINH CITY, 2024 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING STATE BANK OF VIETNAM BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY GRADUATION THESIS FACTORS INFLUENCING PROFITIBILITY OF JOINT-STOCK COMMERCIAL BANKS IN VIETNAM MAJOR: FINANCE – BANKING CODE: 7340201 Name: VO ANH THU Student code: 050607190517 Class: HQ7-GE15 SUPERVISOR ASSOC. LE PHAN THI DIEU THAO HO CHI MINH CITY, 2024 COMMENTS OF THE SUPERVISOR. Supervisor (Ký, ghi rõ họ tên) i ABSTRACT This study focuses on analyzing the factors influencing ROA, a critical indicator in the financial system of a country. ROA plays a vital role in stimulating economic activities while also potentially posing risks and issues regarding financial stability.
The research synthesizes and utilizes secondary data collected from the audited financial reports of 25 commercial banks in Vietnam during the period of 2013 - 2022, combined with statistics published by the General Statistics Office of Vietnam and other reputable sources. The study adopts a mixed-method approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative analysis supported by Stata 17 software. Pooled OLS, FEM, REM, and FGLS methods are employed to identify the most suitable models. The results from the models indicate that two macroeconomic factors, inflation rate and economic growth, do not significantly affect ROA in Vietnamese commercial banks.
Regarding microeconomic variables, all five factors show statistical significance and impact on the dependent variable, ROA. Specifically, bank size (SIZE), liquidity (LIQ), Equity Capital (CAP), and Operational cost (OPR) demonstrate positive effects on ROA, whereas Credit risk (CR) has a negative impact. Based on the findings of this study, bank leaders need to focus on and improve internal factors under their control while also considering the impacts brought by GDP growth and inflation. The study provides recommendations and suggestions for bank leadership and policymakers to enhance the credit activity mobilization capability for commercial banks in Vietnam.
Keywords: credit growth, commercial banks, factors influencing credit growth. ii DECLARATION I affirm that the thesis presented “Factors influencing profitability of Joint-Stock Commercial Banks in Vietnam” is entirely my own creation, developed under the supervision of Ms. Le Phan Thi Dieu Thao, and has not been submitted for evaluation elsewhere. Proper acknowledgment has been given to all data and sources referenced in the thesis.
I accept full accountability for this declaration. Ho Chi Minh City, … /./2024 Author iii ACKNOWEDGEMENT I express my profound appreciation and heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Ms. Le Phan Thi Dieu Thao, at Ho Chi Minh City University of Banking. Her patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and extensive knowledge have been invaluable throughout the process of writing this thesis.
I am deeply grateful for her wholehearted assistance and guidance, which have played a pivotal role in achieving the objectives of this study. At this juncture, I would like to acknowledge her significant contribution and unwavering support. Additionally, I extend my sincere thanks to all my friends who have consistently supported and assisted me during our shared journey of study. iv TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT.
iii LIST OF ABBREVIATION. vi LIST OF TABLE. The necessity of the research. Research subject and scope.
Significance of the research. Structure of the research. THEORETICAL BASIS AND LITERATURE REVIEW. Overview of commercial bank.
Theoretical basis about commercial bank profitability. Definition of bank profitability. The indicators reflect the profitability of commercial banks. Empirical research overview.
Factors affecting commercial bank profitability. Hypothesis of the research. The research model. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.
Correlation analysis and multicollinearity diagnostics. Analysis of factors affecting ROA. Testing the hypothesis violations of the FEM. Discuss the influence of individual factors on ROA.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION. Limitation of the study.64 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATION Abbreviation Meaning FEM Fixed effect model JSCB Joint Stock Commercial Bank ROCE Return on Capital Employed POOLED OLS Pooled Ordinary Least Squares REM Random-Effects Model NIM Net Interest Margin ROA Return on Assets ROE Return on Equity Std. Standard Deviation VIF Variance Inflation Factors vii LIST OF TABLE Table 2. Summary of empirical researches.
Independent variable and dependent variable of the research model. List of 25 commercial banks. Descriptive statistics of variables in the regression model. Correlation matrix between variables.
F-test, Breusch - Pagan and Hausman model selection for variable ROA. Autocorrelation test and Heteroskedasticity test. ROA regression model results after fixing. INTRODUCTION The first chapter of this thesis lays the foundation for exploring the factors influencing the profitability of joint-stock commercial banks in Vietnam.
It begins with an overview of the research area, emphasizing its significance within the context of the Vietnamese banking sector. Through a review of relevant literature, including historical perspectives and current research, the chapter identifies gaps and limitations in understanding profitability determinants. The necessity of the research In the context of the increasingly volatile global economy, Vietnam is not exempt from facing various crises. However, in order to stabilize and develop the economy amidst the world's tense situation, the State consistently makes efforts in macroeconomic regulation, issuing numerous policies to support businesses.
In this process, the banking sector plays a crucial role in the operation chain of the economy. To optimize the effectiveness of banking activities, profitability is one of the key indicators given top priority. Ho & Saunders (1981) profitability is a criterion related to the profit-generating ability used to assess the effectiveness of a bank's business activities. It is not only a financial source needed for expanding production but also a source of finance for the state, contributing to national income growth and encouraging workers to be committed to their jobs.
Profitability is always considered a key factor in affirming the existence and development of banks. A bank with growing profits helps improve the bank's financial strength, reflects the circulation of capital in the economy, and contributes to the financial stability of a nation. Worldwide, there is significant research interest in this issue. Specifically, the study "Factors Influencing the Profitability of Commercial Banks in Ethiopia" focuses on evaluating and examining macroeconomic factors and measuring their impact on the profitability of banks.
Meanwhile, some studies only utilize internal factors within banks to assess their impact on profitability, as seen in the research "The Impact of Capital Structure on the Efficiency of Financial Institutions in Palestine" by Abbadi 2 (2022) or the study "Determinants of Profitability in the Banking Sector: Experimental Evidence from Palestine" by (Abugamea, 2018). Recognizing the significant role of banks in the economy, especially the importance of profitability in the operation and development of a bank, the author has chosen the topic "Factors Influencing the Profitability of Joint Stock Commercial Banks in Vietnam" for the research, considering it highly necessary. The purpose is to investigate which factors have an impact on the profitability of these banks. Through this research, the author aims to provide recommendations and suggest relevant policy implications to help banks manage potential risks, identify optimal and effective solutions to enhance profitability.
Research Objectives According to general objectives, this study aims to identify the factors affecting, the extent of their impact, and the direction of their influence on the profitability of Vietnamese Joint Stock Commercial Banks (JSCBs). Based on the results, recommendations will be provided to enhance the profitability of JSCBs. Building upon the general objectives, the author outlines the specific objectives. Firstly, to systematize the theoretical foundation regarding factors influencing the profitability of JSCBs to select an appropriate research model for the system of Vietnamese JSCBs.
Secondly, to determine the factors, their direction, and the extent of their impact on the profitability of Vietnamese JSCBs. Thirdly, to propose managerial implications to improve the profitability of JSCBs in Vietnam. Research questions From the specific research objectives above, the author formulates the following research questions: i. What factors impact the profitability of JSCBs in Vietnam? ii.
What is the extent of each factor's impact on the profitability of JSCBs in Vietnam? iii. What recommendations can help Vietnamese JSCBs increase their profitability? 3 1. Research subject and scope In this study, the research focuses on factors influencing the profitability of commercial joint-stock banks in Vietnam. Spatial Scope is 25 commercial joint-stock banks in Vietnam.
The reason the author chose this timeframe is that it offers a comprehensive dataset that accurately reflects recent economic conditions, ensures data reliability, and aligns with the research objectives, thereby facilitating a thorough analysis of the factors influencing the profitability of commercial banks in Vietnam. Time Frame is Data used for the study is secondary data covering the period 2013– 2022. The data source used in the study is cited and synthesized from the financial statements of the consolidated financial statements audited by the JSCBs in the period 2013 – 2022, the website of the General Statistics Office of Vietnam, and the website of World Bank. Research methodology The data used is secondary data, collected from historical data published in the media and sampled within the timeframe from 2013 to 2022.
The collected data is presented in tabular form, a combination of cross-sectional and time series data on Excel. Integrated and combined to perform synthesis, analysis, comparison, and correlation with the results of variable models from relevant previous studies, thereby drawing conclusions about the factors influencing profitability, as well as proposing recommendations and solutions for the research problem. The thesis employs regression analysis of tabular data along with the Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (Pooled OLS), Fixed-Effects Model (FEM), and Random-Effects Model (REM). Based on the regression results of tabular data, the author conducts tests such as F-test, Hausman test to choose the most suitable model, with the support of Stata software to identify the factors influencing the profitability of JSCBs in Vietnam.
Additionally, the author will perform descriptive statistics, synthesis, comparison, and analysis to achieve the stated objectives. Significance of the research In theoretical terms, the research proposes a model to assess the factors influencing the profitability of JSCBs in Vietnam, simultaneously examining the extent of the impact of these factors. Through a review of previous studies, the author has constructed Pooled OLS, FEM, and REM models based on scientific theory to enhance the practical significance of the model. In practical terms, the author measures the direction and degree of influence of these factors on the profitability of JSCBs in Vietnam at the present time.
The author will develop the model, analyze the effects, and refine the model. From the analysis results, the author will provide some new managerial implications that can be applied to enhance the profitability of JSCBs in Vietnam. Structure of the research Chapter 1 is Introduction, which presents an overview of the topic, discusses its significance, outlines the research objectives, scope, and methodology. Chapter 2 is Theoretical Basis and Literature Review.
This chapter introduces profitability and its metrics for commercial joint-stock banks. It also provides a literature review of relevant studies conducted in Vietnam and globally. Chapter 3 is Research Methodology. This section details the steps involved in the research process.
It encompasses hypothesis formulation, model design and selection, data collection methods, and analysis techniques. Chapter 4 is Research Results and Discussion. This chapter will focus on presenting, commenting on, and analyzing the research model introduced in Chapter 3. Chapter 5 is Conclusion and Recommendation.
This chapter serves to summarize the research findings. It proposes suggestions for enhancing the profitability of Vietnamese commercial joint-stock banks, and suggests new avenues for future development. 5 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 1 This chapter sets the stage for exploring factors impacting the profitability of joint- stock commercial banks in Vietnam. It underscores the research's significance, identifies gaps in understanding, outlines research objectives, formulates questions, defines scope, and discusses methodology and structure.
THEORETICAL BASIS AND LITERATURE REVIEW Chapter 2 delves into the theoretical framework and empirical studies related to the profitability of joint-stock commercial banks in Vietnam.