MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY STUDENT THESIS ESTIMATION OF CARBON STOCKS OF COASTAL MANGROVES USING SENTINEL 2A IN TIEN LANG DISTRICT, HAI PHONG CITY, VIETNAM. Major: Natural Resources Management Code: D850101 Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management Students: Duong Vo Khanh Linh Student ID: 1453092260 Class: 59A Natural Resources Management Course: 2014-2018 Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: Assoc. Hai-Hoa Nguyen Hanoi, 2018 PUBLICATION Hai-Hoa, N. Estimation of carbon stocks of coastal mangroves using Sentinel 2A in Tien Lang district, Hai Phong city, Vietnam.
Journal of Geo-spatial Information Science (Submited and accepted to be reviewed). ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research is funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant number 105. With the consent of Vietnam Forestry University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development faculty, I conducted the study: “Carbon storage estimation of mangrove forest using Sentinel 2A in Tien Lang district, Hai Phong, Vietnam”. With this study, I am extremely grateful for the guidance, advice and the support of many people.
First, i would like to thank most sincerely and deeply to my mentor – Associcate Prof. Hai-Hoa Nguyen, who gave helpful advices and strong supports during the implementation and completion of this study. Also, I would like to thanks for the encouraging words, and suggestions of the teachers of the Forest Resources and Environment Management Faculty, Vietnam Forestry University that helped me complete the study with the best quality. The study could not be finished and achieved result without the enthusiastic help, friendliness, and hospitality of the local government and residents of two communes Vinh Quang and Dong Hung of Tien Lang district, i would like give a big thanks and extreme appreciation to them.
I also would like to thanks to our friends and family who always supported and encouraged me to perform and complete the study. Because of the limited study duration as well as lacking awareness and knowledge I am looking forward to receiving the comments, evaluation and feedback of teachers and friends to raise the quality of study and improve not only the professional knowledge but also the lacking skills of us in this study. I sincerely thank you! TABLE OF CONTENTS PUBLICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABBREVIATIONS. i LIST OF TABLES.
ii LIST OF FIGURES. 2 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW. GIS and Sentinel satellite image. The concept of GIS, remote sensing.
Sentinel 2A satellite image. Remote sensing application in carbon estimation and forest biomass. In the world. 12 CHAPTER III STUDY GOAL, OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY.
Study goal and objectives. Secondary data collection. Field survey method. Calculating biomass and carbon stocks:.
Calculating Soil organic carbon by Walkley – Black method:. Construct the classified map and interpolation map of biomass and carbon stocks. 26 CHAPTER IV NATURAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC FEATURES. Natural conditions and basic characteristics of mangrove forest.
Social and economic conditions. 29 CHAPTER V RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS. Mangrove status and management in Tien Lang district. Status of mangrove forests in Tien Lang districts .Mangrove structures, biomass and carbon estimation-based field survey.
Biomass and carbon estimation-based interpolation method. Soil organic carbon estimation from field-based data collection. Interpolation of soil carbon. Mapping IDW of total soil carbon stocks.
Soil organic carbon at the depth of 0-20cm. Soil organic carbon at depth of 20-40cm. Soil organic carbon at depth of 40-60cm. Soil organic carbon at depth of 60-80cm.
Soil organic carbon at depth of 80-100cm. Solutions for better management of mangroves in Tien Lang. Develop and consolidate multisectoral coordination mechanisms:. Establish and implement inter-sectoral monitoring institutions: 51 5.
Strengthening propaganda about planning and management:. 51 CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION, LIMITATIONS AND FURTHER STUDY 54 6. 62 ABBREVIATIONS AGB Above-Ground Biomass BGB Below-Ground Biomass GIS Geographic Information System GPS Global Positioning System IDW Inverse Distance Weighting KO Kandelia obovata LULC Land-use / Land-cover NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NIR Near-infrared RGB Red-Green-Blue SAVI Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index SC Sonneratia caseolaris. SCM Supervised Classification Method TVI Transformed Vegetation Index UCM Unsupervised Classification Method i LIST OF TABLES Table 3.
Investigate the status of mangroves. Equations for calculating biomass of mangrove species. Equations of vegetation indices used for estimate mangrove cover. Mangrove extents in study sites by different methods.
Map reliability test of NDVI index. Map reliability test of SAVI index. Map reliability test of Supervised classification method. Map reliability test of TVI index.
Map reliability test of Unsupervised classification method. Area of mangrove forest planted from 1995 to 2016. Map reliability test of IDW of tree biomass. Map reliability test of accumulated carbon.
Map reliability test of total soil soil organic carbon. Map reliability test of soil organic carbon at 0-20cm depth. Map reliability test of soil organic carbon at 20-40cm depth. Map reliability test of soil organic carbon at 40-60cm depth .Map reliability test of soil organic carbon at 60-80cm depth.
Map reliability test of soil organic carbon at 80-100cm depth. Synthesis of conflicts in coastal resources use and solutions. 52 ii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Spectral bands Sentinel 2 (Agency, 2018). Flowchart of methodology used in this study.
Distribution of plots for measuring. Mangrove extents by NDVI. Mangrove extents by SAVI. Mangrove extents by supervised classification.
Mangrove extents by TVI. Mangrove extents by unsupervised classification. IDW interpolation of accumulated carbon and tree biomass. Correlation of biomass and its carbon stocks.
IDW of total soil organic carbon. IDW of soil organic carbon at 0-20cm depth. IDW of soil organic carbon at 20-40cm depth. IDW of soil organic carbon at 40-60cm depth.
IDW of soil organic carbon at 60-80cm depth. IDW of soil organic carbon at 80-100cm depth. 49 iii ABSTRACT A mangrove community along the coastal zone of Tien Lang, Hai Phong, Vietnam was selected to study biomass accumulation, carbon storage, soil carbon stocks. Field data were conducted to measure in 15 plots with dimension of 900m2 each plot has 3 subplots with dimension of 100 m2 at three communes Dong Hung, Tien Hung, and Vinh Quang.
Species distribution and total biomass carbon were also analyzed. Sonneratia caseolaris has maintained its dominance of the stand and also contributed the highest to total biomass carbon. The mean of biomass carbon stock was calculated at 111,6 ton ha-1 and soil organic carbon was 146. This research also applied some classification methods, such as NDVI, SAVI, TVI indices, supervised and unsupervised.
The accuracy was following respectively by 85. The IDW interpolation of biomass and tree biomass had the same accuracy, which was 92.3% and soil carbon was 89. Overall, Tien Lang mangroves are storing vast amount of carbon Keywords: Biomass carbon, soil organic carbon , GIS, Remote sensing, mangrove forest, NDVI, SAVI, TVI, supervised and unsupervised classification. 1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Mangroves forests are placed in the intertidal areas along the coast in most of the tropics and subtropics (Kathiresan and Bingham, 2001).
They are one of the most important and effective ecosystems and provide habitats for wild animals (Wolanski et al. Mangroves played a significant role in decreasing the damage caused by the tsunami in coastal areas. Its ecosystems regulate water, protect the soil from erosion and provide a natural barrier against storms, cyclones, tides, and other potentially damaging natural forces (Dahdouh-Guebas et al., 2005, Bahuguna et al. For centuries, mangroves have contributed significantly to the socio-economic life of coastal residents.
They are a source of firewood and provide construction materials, charcoal, food, honey, herbal medicines, and other forestry products (Alongi, 2002, Hong and San, 1993). In addition, this ecosystem can act as a highly efficient carbon pool in the tropics (Donato et al., 2011), because mangroves can sequester carbon in both above and below-ground biomass as well as within soil. Despite the large carbon storage potential in mangrove biomass and soil, mangroves are under serious threat from high population growth, aquaculture expansion, timber cutting, and other human activities (Duke et al. 2 In Vietnam, remote sensing application in the forestry sector has been applied for a long time by the forest inventory and planning institute to map the forest status and store the map database in GIS software.
Carbon quantification in mangrove forest planted in the North Coast of Viet Nam published at the natural science and technology publishing house (Nguyen et.al 2017) had shown the carbon quantify process in mangroves. And it also had developed a model for calculating carbon on and under the ground for some of the plant species characteristic of mangroves, thereby evaluating the cumulative potential carbon of different plants in mangroves. The calculation of carbon sequestration and value of the forest often follow traditional methods, so it takes a lot of time and energy. Although there has been a study establishing correlations between forest, carbon and satellite surveyors, little research has been done on carbon sequestration in forest conditions with image classified.
In recent years, mangroves and coastal resources in Tien Lang district have been under pressure to maintain the area and ecosystem functions from the forest (Pham and Yoshino, 2016). One of the valuable point of mangrove forests is high carbon storage but its estimation in Tien Lang district is still limited. This study constructed the current map of mangroves distribution, tree biomass and accumulated carbon in tree, soil carbon storage of mangrove species in the coastal area of Tien Lang using 2A Sentinel imagery. With the data collected from the fieldwork, this study will produce other side of 3 mangroves forest and conflict situation in Tien Lang.
This work ― Estimation of carbon stockse of coastal mangroves using Sentinel 2A in Tien Lang district, Hai Phong city, Vietnam ― has provided further investigation into the functional condition of mangrove ecosystems in the study area and may help elucidate the spatial distribution patterns of carbon stocks in tropical and sub- tropical climates. 4 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 2. GIS and Sentinel satellite image 2. The concept of GIS, remote sensing GIS (Geographic Information System) was formed in the 1960s and developed extensively around the world.
It is an information system that captures, stores, manipulates, analyzes, manages and presents all types of geographical data. Rooted in the science of geography, GIS integrates many types of data. It analyzes spatial location and organizes layers of information into visualizations using maps and 3D scenes. With this unique capability, GIS reveals deeper insights into data, such as patterns, relationships, and situations—helping users make smarter decisions.
Remote sensing is the science of obtaining information about objects or areas from a distance, typically from aircraft or satellites. It has flourished over the last three decades when providing digital imager from satellites in Earth’s orbit since the 1960s. Remote sensors can be either passive or active. Passive sensors respond to external stimuli.
They record natural energy that is reflected or emitted from the Earth's surface. The most common source of radiation detected by passive sensors is reflected sunlight. GPS (Global Positioning System) is a satellite navigation system used to determine the ground position of an object. GPS technology was first used 5 by the United States military in the 1960s and expanded into civilian use over the next few decades.
Today, GPS receivers are included in many commercial products, such as automobiles, smartphones, exercise watches, and GIS devices. Sentinel 2A satellite image Sentinel-2A satellite sensor was successfully launched on June 23, 2015, at 03.51:58 am CEST from a Vega launcher from the spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana. Sentinel-2A satellite is the first optical Earth observation satellite in the European Copernicus programme and was developed and built under the industrial leadership of Airbus Defence and Space for the European Space Agency (ESA).