MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY STUDENT THESIS EFFECTIVENESS OF DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN LUONG SON TOWN, LUONG SON DISTRICT, HOA BINH PROVINCE Major: Natural Resources Management Code: D850101 Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management Student : Nguyen Thi Hieu Student ID : 1453061153 Class : K59A Natural Resources Management Course : 2014 – 2018 Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: MSc. Nguyen Thi Bich Hao Ha Noi, 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to express my great appreciation to MSc. Nguyen Thi Bich Hao from Vietnam Forestry University, my research supervisor, for her enthusiastic encouragement throughout my research project. Her ideas, knowledge and efforts are heavily embedded in this study.
I wish to extend my thanks to the lecturers of the university, who have taught me for more than four years, and to the cooperation of Vietnam Forestry University and Colorado State University, especially, the faculty of Forest Resource and Environment Management. Finally, I would like to express my deep appreciation to the staffs in Hoang Long Investment Limited Company and local people live in Luong Son town, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province for the enthusiastic help during the work. Due to the limited knowledge, time, and experience, this thesis still needs to be improved. I am looking forward to receiving feedback from teachers and friends to enhance it.
Xuan Mai, 9th September 201 Student Nguyen Thi Hieu i CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. ii LIST OF TABLES. v LIST OF FIGURES. Overview of solid waste.
The origin of domestic solid waste. Classification domestic solid waste. The composition of domestic solid waste. Impact of domestic solid waste.
Impact on the environment. Impact on public health. Impact on the urban landscape. The current state of domestic solid waste management.
In the world. In Viet Nam. Some methods of treatment domestic solid waste. RESEARCH GOAL AND OBJECTIVES.
Investigating and doing research on the field. Method of determining the composition of domestic solid waste. Statistical methods and data analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS.
Current situation of domestic solid waste at Luong Son town, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province. Sources of domestic solid waste in Luong Son town. The amount of domestic solid waste generated every day in the town. The forecast volume of domestic solid waste in Luong Son town to 2020.
The impacts of domestic solid waste on the environment and public health in Luong Son town, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province. Impacts of domestic solid waste on the environment. Current situation of management and treatment about domestic solid waste at Luong Son town. The situation of domestic solid waste management.
Classification, collection and transportation of domestic solid waste at Luong Son town. Proposing solutions to improve the effectiveness of domestic solid waste management in Luong Son town. Environmental protection policy. Collection of domestic solid waste.
Improvement transportation of domestic solid waste efficiency. Other support methods. 39 CONCLUSIONS, EXISTENCES, AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 41 REFERENCES APPENDIX iv LIST OF TABLES Table 1.
Definition of the domestic solid waste composition. Advantages and disadvantages of some methods of domestic solid waste treatment. The weight of domestic solid waste generated by households in one day. The composition of domestic solid waste calculated according to the results of an actual analysis in Luong Son town .The component of domestic solid waste in Luong Son town.
The amount of domestic solid waste generated every day in the town. Population forecast of Luong Son town. The forecast volume of domestic solid waste in Luong Son town to 2020. The rate of gas components generated from landfill.
Results of interview sanitation workers in Luong Son town. Results of household interviews on domestic solid waste management. 36 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Some methods of domestic solid waste treatment.
Map of Luong Son town, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province. Sources of domestic solid waste in Luong Son town. Proportions of different categories of domestic solid waste in Luong Son town. The volume of domestic solid waste generated in Luong Son town.
Wastewater generated at the landfill in Luong Son town. The gases are generated during the waste treatment process. Impact of domestic solid waste on public human health. The system of domestic solid waste management at Luong Son town.
The model collection and transportation of DSW at Luong Son town. Waste is being collected by workers on their cart and then transferred into a truck. Landfill at Luong Son town, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province. Waste disposal site at Luong Son town, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province.
33 vi ABSTRACT Management of domestic solid waste is a major challenge in urban regions of the most part of the world, including Southeast Asia. In the past decade, strong economic growth and uncontrolled urbanization have greatly magnified the problems with Vietnam’s domestic solid waste management system. Not only has been an increase in the amounts of waste generated, but the composition of the waste has also changed as well. Given the rapid rates of urbanization occurring around the world, the importance of an efficient and effective domestic solid waste management system is more critical than ever before.
In recent years, Luong Son town has a high economic growth rate with the increase in population, the volume of domestic solid waste rose significantly. However, behind the economic benefits of investment projects, the assessment of the effectiveness of solid waste management is becoming a difficult problem to solve in environmental management and protection. Therefore, I selected this study to provide a practical basis for assessment of domestic solid waste management in Luong Son town, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province. From that, proposing solutions to improve the effectiveness of domestic solid waste management in the study area.
Overview of solid waste 1. Definition The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), passed in 1976, created the framework for America’s hazardous and non-hazardous waste management programs. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) states that "solid waste" means any garbage or refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, agricultural, and from community activities [6]. Domestic solid waste, commonly known as trash or garbage (US), refuse, or rubbish (UK) is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public.
The organic waste potions consist of food and kitchen waste. Inorganic waste consists of paper, plastic, glass, wood, and metal products such as drink cans [12]. The origin of domestic solid waste The original of domestic solid waste includes: - Residential area: it generated from household such as paper, cardboard, yard clippings, wood, plastic, rubber. and also some hazardous waste.
- Commercial activities: it generated from restaurant, market, hotel or office. Waste sources have the same composition as for residential areas (food, paper, glass.) - The office: it generated from school, administrative agency. Waste sources have the same composition as for residential areas and commercial activities but less volume. - Agricultural activities: it generated from straw, pesticides, manure, and other waste from the farm, harvest waste or fertilizer.
- Construction activities: it generated from brick, stone, gravel. - Industrial activities: it generated from heavy metals like lead, mercury, ore. 2 - Hospital and clinic: it generated from activities involving health protection such as drugs and pharmaceuticals, cleaning and disinfection products, bandages, other plastics,. Classification domestic solid waste Classification domestic solid waste can be based on many different criteria such as classification by location, by chemical and physical composition, and by the level of hazard.
Classification by location of formation According to the location of formation: Depending on the location, waste can be divided into municipal solid waste, household waste [4]. - Household waste also known as domestic waste or residential waste is refuse generated by households. - Municipal solid waste is more commonly known as garbage - consists of everyday items we use and then throw away, such as product packaging, furniture, bottles, food scraps, newspapers, appliances,. This comes from homes, schools, hospitals, and businesses [13].
Classification by chemical and physical composition According to chemical and physical composition: According to the chemical nature, wastes can be divided into organic waste, and inorganic waste [4]. - Inorganic waste means waste is composed of all those waste resulting from products and materials that we use in our daily activities. It can be sand, salt, iron, calcium. - Organic waste is an organic material.
It can also include paper, cardboard, timber, food, and lawn clippings, etc. Classification by level of hazard - Household hazardous solid waste includes waste is flammable, corrosive, containing radioactive substances or heavy metals [13]. 3 - Household non-hazardous solid waste means waste does not contain hazardous, often waste generated in family activities [13]. The composition of domestic solid waste Domestic solid waste consists of many different components.
Information on domestic solid waste composition plays an important role in evaluating, selecting methods and treatment equipment.1 defines the definition of domestic solid waste. Definition of the domestic solid waste composition. Component Definition Examples 1. Paper Materials made from paper and pulp.
Paper bags, toilet paper. Textiles Originated from the fibres. Fabrics, wool, nylon. Food Food waste from household.
Fruit shells, corn-cob. Wooden furniture: tables, chairs. Grass, wood Products made from wood, bamboo. Plastic Products made from plastic.
Plastic bottles, electric wire. Leather, rubber Products made from leather and rubber. Non-flammable substances Component Definition Examples Materials and products made from iron a. Ferrous Metals Tray, metal roofing.
that are easily absorbed by the magnet. Any kind of material non-combustible b. Glass Bottle, light bulb. and made from glass.
This material can be divided into 2 c. Stone and types: one size is over 5mm and another Pebbles, sand. porcelain size is smaller than 5mm. Impact of domestic solid waste 1.
Impact on the environment a. Soil Domestic solid waste generated from a residential area, school or commercial area when released into the environment, it changes the composition and characteristics of the soil such as pH,. For non-biodegradable waste, if we don’t have any treatment measures, it will reduce the fertility of the soil, affecting the development of animals and plants live in soils. Air While solid waste is disposed of in the processes of combustion or landfill, it would generate harmful NOx gases, dioxin,.
from combustion and CH4, NH3, H2S. from the landfill. These gases are not treated, so will bad affect the ambient air. Water: Domestic solid waste can clog plumbing, rivers,.
which interfere with the flow of water. The water flows through the ponds and lakes that contaminate the surface water. Impact on public health There are potential risks to environment and health from improper handling of solid wastes. Direct health risks concern mainly the workers in this field, who need to be protected.
There are also specific risks in handling wastes from hospitals and clinics. Impact on the urban landscape Domestic solid waste that is not collected or transported to the prescribed places will cause environmental issue and effect to the urban landscape. The current state of domestic solid waste management 1. In the world Around the world, waste generation rates are rising.
In 2012, the worlds’ cities generated 1.3 billion tons of solid waste per year, amounting to a footprint of 1.2 kilograms per/person/day. With rapid population growth and urbanization, municipal waste generation is expected to rise to 2.2 billion tons by 2025. A significant amount of municipal solid waste is burned and converted to energy.1 million tons, or 13%, of municipal solid waste was combusted for energy recovery in 2014, this is down slightly from 34 million tons in 2000.