CERTIFICATION I certify this thesis has entirely done by myself. Within my knowledge quotations and data used in the thesis are cited and surveyed by highest precision sources. Phan Thi Ngoc Ngan TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATION TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ABSTRACT CHAPTER 1: PROBLEM STATEMENT .1 Nutritional status in children in the world .2 Nutritional status in children in Vietnam .3 Current nutritional status in children in Krong Bong .4 Objective of the thesis .5 Scope of the research .7 Structure of the thesis .10 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .1 Measurement of nutritional status. 11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.3 Situation of nutritional status in the world .1 Characteristics of individuals children .2 Characteristics of mothers/caregivers .3 Characteristics of households.4 Situation of nutritional status in Vietnam.
22 CHAPTER 3: STUDY SUBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY .1General information about Krong Bong District .5 Variables in the model .34 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CHAPTER 4: DESCRIPTION OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN KRONG BONG, DAK LAK .1 Characteristics of child nutritional status .1 Prevalence of current nutritional status in children .2 Prevalence of nutritional status in children by chronic, delivery status and place of birth .3 Prevalence of nutrition status in children by mother/caregiver education and occupation .4 Prevalence of factors related family.2 Risk factors of nutritional status .50 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .1 Conclusion of situation of nutritional status .2 Conclusion of risk factors of nutritional status .3 Researchers and developments. 1 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. 7 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BMI Body Mass Index CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention IOTF International Obesity Task Force FAO Food and Agriculture Organization HAZ Height for age z-score (stunting) MDGs Millennium Development Goals OR Odd Ratio PHC Primary Health Care SD Standard deviation UNICEF United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund WAZ Weight for age z-score (underweight) WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization WHZ Weight for height z-score (wasting) TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF TABLES Table 1. The statistics on the nutritional status of children in Dak Lak province over the years (2005-2014).
Overview of indicators and cut offs that are considered appropriate to assess malnutrition in school-aged children. Mean (± SD) prevalence (%) of malnutrition in school-aged children, by WHO region, weighted for quality score. Summarizes the variables in this study. Summary of children's BMI-for-Age.
Prevalence of nutrition status in children by commune, sex, age, number of children and ethnicity. Prevalence of nutrition status in children by commune, sex, age, number of children and ethnicity (con’t). Prevalence of nutritional status in children by chronic, delivery status and place of birth. Prevalence of nutrition status in children by mother/caregiver education and occupation.
Prevalence of nutritional status in children by boil drinking water, mosquito-net, latrine and garbage. Prevalence of nutritional status in children by family factors. Group variables of children. Group variables of mother/caregiver.
Group variables of households .48 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. Group variables of children. Group variables of mother/caregiver. Group variables of households .51 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.
Map of Dak Lak province showing Krong Bong district .24 Figure 2: Krong Bong District Map. The statistics on the nutritional status of children over the years (1999- 2014) (National Institute of Nutrition).5: Conceptual framework on the causes of malnutrition (UNICEF, 1997) .3 Analytical framework: illustration of hypotheses related to the relationship between nutritional status in children and related factors. Prevalence of nutritional status in school-age children .35 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ABSTRACT Background: The nutritional status of children reflects the socioecomy of family and community as well as the efficiency of the health system. Malnutrition and overweight in school-age children are an important public health problem of the Ministry of Health and the Government of Vietnam.
Within the country, Dak Lak province has the highest levels of malnutrition. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status of primary school children and to find out factors associated with childhood malnutrition and overweight/obesity. Methods: A cross-sectional household survey was carried out on five primary schools of five communes in Krong Bong district, Dak Lak provinces during 30th March to 28th April, 2015 by interviewing 321 children and their mothers/caregivers by using questionnaire. Anthropometric measurement such as body weight (kg), and height of children (m2) was collected by using standard techniques.
Body Mass index was used to define nutritional status according the WHO guideline. Result: Prevalence of malnutrition in Krong Bong district was 26. School boys were more malnourished than school girls. Prevalence of overweight was 8.4% and school girls were more overweight than school boys.
The occurrence of malnuttrition was dependence associated with commune and boil drinking water. Furthermore, the occurrence of overweight were dependence associated with gender of children, mother’s occupation, facility of birth, land-owning households. TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 1 ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN KRONG BONG DISTRICT, DAK LAK PROVINCE CHAPTER 1: PROBLEM STATEMENT 1.1 Nutritional status in children in the world The nutritional status of children reflects the socioecomy of family and community as well as the efficiency of the health system. Malnutrition in school-age children are an important public health problem in the world.
The worldwide number of children stunting was 171 million (167 million in developing countries) in 2010. The risk of childhood stunting reduced to 13 points from year 1990 to 2010, 39. The expected trend was 21.8) %, or 142 million, in 2020. The prevalence of stunting in Asia decreased faster than Africa during period from 1990 to 2010.
Althougt Africa stunting has stagnated lower since 1990 at about 40% but little improvement is anticipated, while Asia showed at 49% in 1990 then reduced to 28% in 2010, decreasing from 190 million to 100 million. This trend will continue and that in 2020 Asia and Africa will have similar numbers of stunted children (68 million and 64 million, respectively). Rates were much lower (14% or 7 million in 2010) in Latin America (de Onis et al. In 2010, there were 43 million children in overweight and obesity (35 million in developing countries) and 92 million were at risk of overweight.
The global prevalence TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 2 of childhood overweight and obesity increased from year 1990 to 2010, 4. The expected trend was reach 9.9%), or ~60 million, in 2020. The estimated prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in Africa in 2010 and in 2020 were 8.8%) respectively (de Onis et al. In September 2014, United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank (WB) made public an updated final joint dataset on child malnutrition indicators (stunting, wasting, severe wasting, overweight and underweight) and new global & regional estimated for 2013.
There were 161 million children under-five year olds were stunted, 51 million were wasted and 17 million were severely wasted, and 42 million were overweight and 99 million were underweight. The global trend of prevalence of stunting, wasting, severe wasting, and underweight decreased, while the prevalence of overweight increased in many regions. Between 2000 and 2013, the prevalence of overweight increased from 11% to 19% in Southern Africa, and from 3% to 7% in Southeastern Asia, and prevalence of stunting declined from 33% to 25%, or 199 million to 161 million children; prevalence of underweight was from 25% to 15%; prevalence of wasting in 2013 was estimated at almost 8% and nearly a third of that was for severe wasting, totaling 3%; and approximately two thirds of all wasted children lived in Asia and almost one third in Africa, with similar proportions for severely wasted children. In 2013, about half of all stunted children lived in Asia and over one third in Africa.
This country has experience the smallest relative decreasing, with prevalence of underweight was down at 17% in 2013 and 23% in 1990, in Asia it declined from 32% to 18% perspectively and in Latin America and the Caribbean from 8% to 3% same period. This means Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean were likely to meet the TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 3 Millennium Development Goals while Africa was likely to fall short, reaching about only half of the targeted reduction. In terms of regional breakdowns in numbers of overweight children in 2013, there were an estimated 18 million under-fives in Asia, 11 million in Africa and four million in Latin America and the Caribbean, countries with large populations like Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile and Peru observed levels of 7% and higher (UNICEF-WHO-The World Bank 2013). Source: Joint child malnutrition estimates - Levels and trends (UNICEF-WHO-The World Bank 2013).
School age is the active growing phase of childhood (SCN news, 1998). The present scenario of health and nutritional status of the school-age children in India was very unsatisfactory. The national family health survey (NFHS) data showed that the TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 4 prevalence of underweight was 53% of children in rural areas and this varies across states. In the country, it was 53.8% and 47% for the years 1992, 1998, and 2006 respectively (Srivastava et al.
Recently, a worldwide statistics of WHO on overweight and obesity was related to more deaths than underweight. Most of the world's population lived in countries where overweight and obesity killed more people than underweight (this includes all high-income and most middle-income countries). In 2013, there were 42 million children under the age of five were overweight or obese. In 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults, 18 years and older, were overweight.
Of these over 600 million were obese. In 2014, the prevalence of obesity and overweight was about 13%, 39%, of those world’s adult population (11% of men and 15% of women) and adults aged 18 years and over (38% of men and 40% of women) respectively. Therefore the worldwide prevalence of obesity was more than doubled between 1980 and 2014 (World Health Organization, 2015).2 Nutritional status in children in Vietnam In Vietnam, child health has been causing deep worry, as evidenced by within the framework of the Millennium Development Goals, this issue is an important concern for the Ministry of Health and the Government. The National Plan of Action for Child Survival 2009-2015, developed with WHO support, has set the ambitious targets of reducing the neonatal mortality rate to less than 10 per 1000 live births and under-5 mortality to less than 18 per 1000 live births by 2015 (World Health Organization).
Therefore, the WHO, UNICEF, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), though nutrition indicators and health, recommended that the progress and existing problem should be closely monitored in order to be able to intervene as soon as possible with preventive and effective strategies. Vietnam is one of the Asian countries that has TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 5 achieved considerable success in the process of poverty reduction and lowering the prevalence of malnourished children, especially children under-five years old (Ministry of Health, 2012). TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail. The statistics on the nutritional status of children over the years (1999- 2014) (National Institute of Nutrition).
Thereby the problem of malnutrition in children under-five years old has decreased noticeably from 1999 to 2014. Prevalence of underweight was from 36.5% (2014), and prevalence of stunting decreased from 38. During 16 years, the prevalence of underweight was 22.2% decrease, while stunting fell by 13. Factors related to nutritional status including income, land-owning households, assets, animals raising (Srivastava et al., 2012) (Martorell et al., 1984) (Moestue, 2005) (Cesare et al.
Land is one of an indicator to measure the economic level of family through deciding to plant trees adapt to each their ability and local weather. It may consider a family income factor.