VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY FACULTY OF FOREST RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT STUDENT THESIS CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN XUAN SON NATIONAL PARK, PHU THO PROVINCE Major: Advanced Curriculum in Natural Resources Management Code: D850101 Faculty: Forest Resources & Environmental Management Student: Nguyen Kim Anh Student ID: 1453090611 Class: K59B - Natural Resources Management Course: 2014 – 2018 Advanced Education Program Developed in Collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: Assoc. Hoang Van Sam Ha Noi, September 2017 ACKNOWLEDMENTS To complete the final thesis, firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Assoc. Hoang Van Sam for the continuous support of my thesis, for his patience, motivation, and immense knowledge. His guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis.
I could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for my final thesis. Thanks to cooperating between Vietnam Forestry University and Colorado State University, I have a chance to approach a reservoir of international knowledge and experience. I would like to thank all staffs of Xuan Son National Park, Forest protection and management station of Xuan Son, local people for creating all favorable conditions and supplying all information and data in the process of studying this dissertation. Last but not least, this thesis could have never been completed without the support of my friends and parents because of their encouragement and giving me the favorable conditions during the entire process of doing research and going field works for having my work done.
Because my knowledge is limited, this thesis may have some mistakes; I would like to receive the comments from the teachers to help my thesis becoming more complete. Hanoi, 1st October, 2018 Student Nguyen Kim Anh ii TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS. iii LIST OF TABLES. v LIST OF FIGURES.
vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. 1 CHAPTER 2: GOAL AND METHODOLOGY. Goal of the study. Field Investigation method.
Non-field investigation methods. Proposing measures to manage and conserve medicinal plants. 7 CHAPTER 3: NATURAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS. Geographic location and natural conditions.
Climate and hydrology. Forest status and land use. The area of land types, forest types. Vegetation, animals and distribution of rare species.
Socio - economic characteristics. Situation of socio-economic development. Commercial service activities. Income of the people.
15 CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION. The current status of resources and use of some medicinal plants in Xuan Son National Park, Tan Son district, Phu Tho province. Current situation of medicinal plants in Xuan Son National Park. The status of using medicinal plant resources.
The variety of parts used. Diversity of number of parts and use of medicinal plants. Situation of exploiting, preserving and developing medicinal plant resources in Xuan Son National Park. Current status of conservation and development of medicinal plant resources.
Research on the ecological characteristics of rare medical plants in Xuan Son national park. Anoectochilus setaceus Blume. Paris polyphylla Smith. Aspidistra xuansonensis var.
Solutions for conservation and development of some precious medical plants in Xuan Son national park. Threats to medicinal plant resources in Xuan Son National Park:. Proposed solutions to conserve medicinal plants in Xuan Son National Park:. 33 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMeNDATION.
38 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Survey on species statistics by transect line .2: Form of information on medicinal plants by interview local people .1: Forest and land status of Xuan Son commune .2: Forest composition of Xuan Son Commune .1: Current situation of medicinal plants in Xuan Son National Park .2: Statistics of medicinal plant components in live form .3: The variety of parts used in medicine .4: Synthesis of parts used as drugs .5: Usage of medicinal plants .6: Market statistics and status of some herbs available in Xuan Son National Park (time of investigation in June 2018) .7: List of medicinal plants that studied ecological characteristics in the study site. 27 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Location of Xuan Son National Park.2: Transect lines for investigation .1: Statistics of the percentage of species and families in the area .2: Experience of using plant parts of medicinal plants ethnic minorities in Xuan Son National Park .3: Percentage of used parts for medicine .4: Stem and leaves of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume .5: Stem and leaves of Paris polyphylla Smith.6: Flowers and bulbs of Aspidistra xuansonensis. 32 vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Plant conservation is one of the most important issues of concern to the world. The flora is of the highest importance because of the habitat of living organisms.
The survival and development of plants are the basis for the evolution and evolution of the organism. Moreover, plants contribute greatly to the healing of human disease from its use. Vietnam is a tropical country, has the rich of vegetation cover with a variety of medicinal plants. This precious herb resource contributes significantly to the initial health care in our country, particularly to rural and mountainous communities.
We have 54 ethnic groups live together, each groups has their own traditional culture and experience in heathy care. Medicinal plants in Vietnam are largely used empirically in each ethnic community. Uniqueness in the use of medicinal plants have shown in the experience of the individual or ethnic community. This valuable experience which has helped to build up the back group of traditional medicine with a history of thousands of years.
However, the research, development, conservation and use of medicinal plants in Vietnam is facing many challenges, such as many medicinal plants are exhausted and in danger of extinction due to overexploitation. People in mountainous areas still have the habit of exploiting available medicinal plants from natural forests. Moreover, they sell to male traders, which leads to the danger of exhausting this resource quickly, and some high value species can become extinct. Xuan Son National Park in Tan Son district, Phu Tho province is considered as a region with high biodiversity, which is the storehouse of gene sources of rare and precious plants and animals of our country.
There are 2,908 households in the national park, mainly Muong ethnic (80%) and Dao ethnic (18%). The people still retain many traditional customs and tradition characteristics in production as well as living and daily life. In particular, the use of medicinal plants has been passed down through generations with many different remedies. But, in recent times, the loss of many medicinal remedies, affecting indigenous knowledge in the use of 1 plants, medicinal herbs.
In order to understand the status of conservation, exploitation and provide the basis for proposing solutions to management of previous medicinal plants in the study area, I do the topic: “Conservation and development of medicinal plant in Xuan Son National Park, Phu Tho Province”. 2 CHAPTER 2: GOAL AND METHODOLOGY 2. Goal of the study - Assessment the current status of use and conservation; providing solutions for conservation and development of some precious medicinal plants in Xuan Son National Park, Phu Tho province. Specific objectives - To assess the current status of use of medicinal plants in Xuan Son National Park.
- Research on the ecological characteristics of rare medicinal plants in the study area. - Propose solutions to conserve and develop medicinal plants in Xuan Son commune, Phu Tho province. Subjects – scope - Subjects: Some precious medicine plant species in Xuan Son National Park, Phu Tho province. - Scope: Xuan Son National Park, Phu Tho province.1: Location of Xuan Son National Park 2.
Materials - Inherited the documentation of the flora survey results of individuals and organizations inside and outside the country. - Inheritance process selectively. 3 • The data on natural conditions, climate, hydrology, soil, topography, forest resources • Information and data on economic, condtions, social conditions 2. Field Investigation method 2.
Transect lines Using transect line to collect data on some previous medicinal plant species in Xuan Son National Park. The transect line was designed on the topographic map to check the information that was discussed with local experts such as distribution, management situation, exploitation and use. The transect line should be selected based on available trails for easier access to the area. Use a GPS to determine the distribution of species on the transect lines into the vegetation map of Xuan Son National Park.2: Transect lines for investigation Use a camera to save the image of previous plants on the transect line.
4 • Transect 1: From Coi hamlet to Can mountain • Transect 2: From Lang hamlet to Lung Mang hamlet • Transect 3: From Lap hamlet to Ga stream • Transect 4: From Xuan Son primary school to Ten mountain On the lines, we need to observe, identify the species and statistics of the species to investigate the species, detect the forest types. Coordinates of transect line: …………………. Days of investigation: ………………….1: Survey on species statistics by transect line No Areas Species DBH H (m) Dt (m) No Areas Species (cm) 1 DBH: Diameter at breast height H: Height Interview and record information: Taken along the transect lines. The information is directly interviewed with each medicinal plants including: Local name (Muong or Dao ethnics), distribution, parts used, how to used.
Information on species recorded in the field include: live form, place of growth, flowering time, results. The quantitative information is recorded including: names of medicinal plants, frequencies of occurrence, medications for common diseases. Date of interview: .2: Form of information on medicinal plants by interview local people Name of Parts Note No. Local name Use Place species used 2.
Non-field investigation methods * PRA – RRA: - PRA (Participatory rural appraisal): Use a variety of approaches that allow people to share, enhance and analyze their knowledge of rural livelihoods and conditions for planning and action. This method should be combined to maximize the capacity of the community through their active participation in field surveys. Analyzing pressures on forest resources. Finding conservation and development.
- RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal): Use interview questionnaires to interview the following people: foresters, people living near the forest; forest management and protection staff; officials and leaders of local administrations; Staff of Xuan Son National Park Management Board; Rangers; Scientific and technical staff. Data analysis - Data is processed on Excel software. - Calculate the average number of individuals of plants The criteria to calculate D1. Proposing measures to manage and conserve medicinal plants - Technical solutions - Solutions for forest protection and forest fire prevention and control - Solutions technology application - Solutions on land management - Solutions to attract investment 7 CHAPTER 3: NATURAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS 3.
Geographic location and natural conditions 3. Geographical location Xuan Son National Park is located in Tan Son district, Phu Tho province, on the boundary between the three provinces of Phu Tho, Hoa Binh and Son La. * Geographic coordinates: - 21003’ - 21012’ North latitude - 104051’ - 105001’ East longitude * Boundary: - The North is next to Dong Son commune, Tan Son district, Phu Tho province - The South is next to Kim Thuong commune - The West is next to Phu Yen district (Son La province), Da Bac district (Hoa Binh province) - The East is next to Xuan Dai commune, Tan Son district, Phu Tho province. Terrain - The terrain of Xuan Son National Park has a steep slope with many sloping areas, mountains mixed with limestone mountains, rising gradually from east to west, from south to north.
- The average mountain terrain, elevation ≥700m, accounting for 30% of the total natural area of Xuan Sơn commune, the highest peak is Voi mountain 1,386 m, Ten mountain 1.244m, Can mountain 1,144m - Topography of the valley, slope. It accounts for about 5% of the total natural area of the Commune, which is located between low and medium mountains, most of which are used for agricultural purposes.