VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HO CHI MINH CITY HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY -------------------- DOAN NGOC ANH DUC IRON – BASED ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS AS CATALYSTS FOR DEHALOGENATION OF ARYL HALIDES Major : Chemical Engineering Major ID : 60 52 03 01 MASTER OF SCIENCE THESIS Ho Chi Minh, 2016 CÔNG TRÌNH ĐƢỢC HOÀN THÀNH TẠI TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA –ĐHQG -HCM Cán bộ hƣớng dẫn khoa học : GS. PHAN THANH SƠN NAM TS. TRƢƠNG VŨ THANH. Cán bộ chấm nhận xét 1 :PGS.TS NGUYỄN ĐÌNH THÀNH.
Cán bộ chấm nhận xét 2 :TS. TRẦN NGỌC QUYỂN. Luận văn thạc sĩ đƣợc bảo vệ tại Trƣờng Đại học Bách Khoa, ĐHQG Tp. HCM ngày 23 tháng 08 năm 2016.
Thành phần Hội đồng đánh giá luận văn thạc sĩ gồm: 1.TS PHẠM THÀNH QUÂN. NGUYỄN ĐÌNH THÀNH. TRẦN NGỌC QUYỂN. NGUYỄN QUỐC THIẾT.
NGUYỄN HOÀNG OANH. Xác nhận của Chủ tịch Hội đồng đánh giá LV và Trƣởng Khoa quản lý chuyên ngành sau khi luận văn đã đƣợc sửa chữa (nếu có). CHỦ TỊCH HỘI ĐỒNG TRƯỞNG KHOA………… ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP.HCM CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA NAM Độc lập - Tự do - Hạnh phúc NHIỆM VỤ LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ Họ tên học viên: Đoàn Ngọc Anh Đức. Ngày, tháng, năm sinh: 11/03/1991.
Nơi sinh: Bình Phƣớc. Chuyên ngành: Kỹ Thuật Hóa Học. TÊN ĐỀ TÀI: Iron- based organic frameworks as catalysts for dehalogenation of aryl halides. NHIỆM VỤ VÀ NỘI DUNG: Tổng hợp, phân tích cấu trúc vật liệu MOFs-235.
Khảo sát tối ƣu phản ứng dehalogenation các hợp chất aryl halides. NGÀY GIAO NHIỆM VỤ : 8/2015. NGÀY HOÀN THÀNH NHIỆM VỤ: 8/2016. CÁN BỘ HƯỚNG DẪN : GS.
PHAN THANH SƠN NAM. TRƢƠNG VŨ THANH Tp. CÁN BỘ HƯỚNG DẪN CHỦ NHIỆM BỘ MÔN ĐÀO TẠO (Họ tên và chữ ký) (Họ tên và chữ ký) TRƯỞNG KHOA….……… (Họ tên và chữ ký) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Phan Thanh Son Nam and Dr.
Truong Vu Thanh for their financial support, patience, motivation, enthusiasm and for sharing his preciously wide knowledge. I am also grateful to M. Nguyen Tran Vu for him advices and encouragement whenever I reach learning difficulties. He gave me advices and taught me experimental manipulations so that I could do things more smoothly and avoid serious mistakes.
I would also like to thank to Ms. Nguyen Duc Minh Trang for her assisted me in study. Finally, I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to my family, who is always by my side to encourage me during difficult times and support me the finance for doing research. 1 ABSTRACT MOF-235 was usually synthesized by conventional solvothermal method.
It was obtained as a pure phase material by heating equimolar amounts of dicarboxylic acid linker (1,4-H2BDC) and iron salt (FeCl3.6H2O) in DMF and ethanol solvent mixture. The structure of this materials were characterized by several techniques, including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The results indicated that the structure of the desired MOF with its properties was successfully formed. The MOF-235 was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the dehalogenation of aryl halides.
Several essential factors including solvent, temperature, catalyst amount, type of catalysts and the amount of base were investigated.The MOF-235 also exhibited higher catalytic activity for this type of reaction than those of other MOFs, such as Fe3O(BPDC)3, Ni(BTC)(BPY) and Cu(BDC). The Fe-MOF catalyst can be recovered and reused several times without a significant degradation in catalytic activity. The products were confirmed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. ii TÓM TẮT MOF-235 được tổng hợp bằng phương pháp nhiệt dung môi, dựa trên liên kết giữa axit 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic và Fe3O(CO2)6 tạo nên ô mạng cơ sở.
Cấu trúc của vật liệu MOFs được xác định bởi các phương pháp như nhiễu xạ tia X (XRD), phổ hồng ngoại Fourier (FT-IR), phân tích nhiệt vi sai (TGA), kính hiển vi điện tử quét (SEM), phổ hấp thu nguyên tử (AAS). Kết quả cho thấy cấu trúc của MOFs đã được tổng hợp thành công. Trong luận văn, MOF-235 được sử dụng như là một chất xúc tác dị thể cho phản ứng dehalogen của các chất aryl halides. Các yếu tố khảo sát tối ưu cho phản ứng bao gồm nhiệt độ, lượng chất xúc tác, chất xúc tác, các loại dung môi.
MOF-235 cho thấy hoạt tính xúc tác cao hơn so với các MOFs khác, chẳng hạn như Fe3O(BPDC)3, Ni(BTC) (BPY) và Cu(BDC) trong phản ứng được khảo sát và xúc tác có thể tái sử dụng sau phản ứng. Các sản phẩm đã được xác định bởi 1H NMR và 13C NMR. iii LỜI CAM ĐOAN Tôi xin cam đoan rằng: Số liệu trong luận văn hoàn toàn do tôi thực hiện và chưa từng được sử dụng trong các bài báo, công trình nào khác. Mọi sự giúp đỡ cho việc thực hiện luận văn này đã được cảm ơn và thông tin trích dẫn đều có nguồn gốc rõ ràng.
Tác giả luận văn DECLARATION I assure that: The data in thesis completed by myseft and have not been used in the article or other works. All assistance for the implementation of this thesis was to thank and the information was used which clear origins. Author essay iv LIST OF TABLE. vii LIST OF FIGURE.
viii LIST OF SCHEME. ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. x OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH .1 Metal-organic frameworks .2 Iron based-MOFs (Fe-MOFs) .2 Dehalgenation of aromatic halides .1 Materials and instrumentation .2 Dehalogenation of aryl halides .1 Materials and instrumentation. Error! Bookmark not defined.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .1 Characterization of Iron Terephthalate.2 Catalytic studies of Fe3O(BPDC)3 on dehalogenation of aryl halides .1 Effect of temperature .2 Effect of catalyst loading .3 Effect of the amount of base .4 Effect of several types of bases .5 Effect of the amount of solvent .6 Effect of different types of solvents .7 Effect of different types of catalysts .8 The kinetic line graph .9 The leaching test study .10 The catalyst recycling test .11 Reaction scope with respect to other aryl halides. 35 vi LIST OF TABLE Table 1. 1Comparison of zeolites with MOFs with some properties relevant to catalysis [12]. The list of chemichals for synthesizing Fe3O(BDC)3 .List of chemical for the dehalogenation of 4-chloroanisole.
Reaction scope with respect to other aryl halides. NMR characterization of quinaldine. 33 vii LIST OF FIGURE Figure 1.Comparison of the cubic structures of IR-MOF-5 formed when linear aromatic dicarboxylic acids are reacted with Zn(II) ions [2]. Examples of structural dimensionality.
From left to right 0D (MOP-1), 1D (MIL-53), and 2D (Zn2L). Indicative summary of the percentage of MOFs synthesized using the various preparation routes [5]. a) Oxo-centered trimer of FeO6 octahedra in MIL-142A (Fe atoms: orange, O atoms: red, water molecules: blue, counteranion: purple); b) terephthalate (bdc); c) 1,3,5-benzenetrisbenzoate (btb); d) views of the hybrid super octahedra along the b (left) and c axis (right); e) view of the structure of MIL-142 along thecaxis; f) schematic representation of the interpenetrated ReO3 topology [16].X-ray powder diffractogram of the synthesized Fe3O(BDC)3. FT-IR spectra of MOF-235.
SEM micrograph of Fe3O(BDC)3. TGA result of MOF-235. Effect of temperature on GC yield.Effect of catalyst loading. Effect of the amount of base.Effect of several types of bases.Effect of the amount of solvent.
Effect of different types of solvents. Effect of different types of catalysts. The calibration curve of anisole. The changes of GC yields in various times at room temperature.
Catalyst recycling test. XRD result of recycled MOF-235. 32 LIST OF SCHEME Scheme 1.Claisen–Schmidt condensation of benzaldehyde with acetophenone using Fe-MOFs as heterogeneous catalyst [19].Acetalization of benzaldehyde with methanol using Fe(BTC) [21].Ring opening of styrene oxide with methanol[20].Pd catalyzed dehalogenation of aromatic halides with alcohol as hydrogen donor [32].Hydrodehalogenation of halogenated heteropentalenes [34]. Dehalogenation of aryl halides with Ni(0) [35].
Dehalogenation of chloroarenes with KtBuO/H2 in the presence of RhCl(N,N,N) [36]. Nikel-catalyzed dehalogenation with iPrZnBr [37]. Dehalogenation of aromatic halides in 2-propanol [30]. Hydrodehalogenation of aryl halides with homogenous catalysts[41] 11 Scheme 1.
Hydrodehalogenation of aryl halides with iron- based organic frameworks catalysts. Dehalogenation of 4-chloroanisole using MOF-235 as a heterogeneous catalyst. 16 ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XRD X-ray powder Diffraction FT-IR Fourier Transform Infrared TGA Thermogravimetric Analysis SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy AAS Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy GC Gas Chromatography GC-MS Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance RT Room temperature DMF N,N’-Dimethylformamide THF Tetrahydrofuran BDC 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate BPDC Biphenyl 4,4’-dicarboxylate x OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH 1.1 Metal-organic frameworks 1.1 Introduction Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous crystalline materials whose frameworks is constituted based on the self-assembly of organic linkers (bridging ligands) and organic nodes to form one-, two-, three-dimensional structure [1, 2]. These materials are synthesised by reaction of metal salts with linkers having nitrogen or oxygen as donating atoms to forms different porous crystalline materials structure, with high specific surface area and pore volume, due to the wide of transition metals and the rich number of linker’s structures [3].
For example, MOF-5(IR-MOF-5) developed by the replacement of hydrogen atoms by polar or nonpolar substituents of benzene ring backbone without changing the original cubic topology that were more variety pore sizes [4]. Several members of this series have pore sizes in the mesoporous range (>20 Å) as well as the lowest crystal density. Besides, the polarity were change, more hydrophilic or hydrophobic, respectively. Comparison of the cubic structures of IR-MOF-5 formed when linear aromatic dicarboxylic acids are reacted with Zn(II) ions [2].
1 MOF materials can be classified into different families according to the dimensionality of the inorganic framework. Organic–inorganic hybrid materials in which inorganic moieties can be organized into either 1D chains (like MIL-53) or 2D layers (such as Zn2L) that are separated by organic pillars. Open-framework coordination polymers, which are made from 0D ―inorganic‖ clusters or isolated metal ions connected by bridging organic polytopic ligands (MOP-1, MOF-5, and HKUST-1). This classification is not only conceptual, since it has implications on the properties observed.
0D structures are more appropriate for photocatalysis applications and Lewis-type catalysis, whereas 1D may be appropriate for acid–base Brønsted-type catalysis [1]. Examples of structural dimensionality. From left to right 0D (MOP-1), 1D (MIL-53), and 2D (Zn2L). Because of the diversity of structures, a variety of researches have been conducted to synthesized different kinds of MOFs.
There are many strategies to generate MOFs (Figure 1.2) and in all of them, solvothermal method is the most common and powerful method to accelerate discovery of new MOFs structures and optimize synthesis protocols. However, many drawbacks existed in this method such as high temperature, longtime reaction, and being effected by concentrate of reactants. The negative effects are limited by using several supporting techniques such as microwave, ultrasound, electrical, etc [5]. Indicative summary of the percentage of MOFs synthesized using the various preparation routes [5].
Since Yaghi and co-workers successfully synthesized MOF-5 and applied in gas absorption [6], scientists have paid attention to potential applications of this porous materials. Nowadays, applications of MOFs in gas storage, gas separation, size-, shape-, and enantioselective separation [7], luminescent and fluorescent materials [8], and drug storage and delivery [9] have been explored. Along with consciousness and requirements for environmental protection are focused, heterogeneous catalysts in chemical processes have also attracted interest because of its advantages such as easy catalyst separation, simple recycling, reducing waste… The first mentions of the use of MOFs in heterogeneous catalysis dated to the beginning of the 1990s [10]. The catalytic properties of MOFs relate not only to the presence of metal cation frameworks, but also to the presence of functional groups on the inner surface of the MOFs voids and channels [11].