DANG THI MINH ANH FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PURCHASING DECISIONS OF VIETNAMESE CONSUMERS: A CASE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PURCHASING DECISIONS OF STUDY OF THE SHOPEE E-COMMERCE PLATFORM VIETNAMESE CONSUMERS: A CASE STUDY OF THE SHOPEE E-COMMERCE PLATFORM DANG THI MINH ANH BACHELOR IN MARKETING VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI BACHELOR OF BUSINESS (MARKETING) HELP UNIVERSITY APRIL 2025 APRIL 2025 FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PURCHASING DECISIONS OF VIETNAMESE CONSUMERS: A CASE STUDY OF THE SHOPEE E-COMMERCE PLATFORM BY DANG THI MINH ANH Graduation Project Submitted to Vietnam National University, Hanoi – International School in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Marketing and Department of Business Studies, HELP University, in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Business (Marketing) Hons APRIL 2025 ii VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL GRADUATION PROJECT FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PURCHASING DECISIONS OF VIETNAMESE CONSUMERS: A CASE STUDY OF THE SHOPEE E-COMMERCE PLATFORM Student’s name: Dang Thi Minh Anh Hanoi – Year 2025 iii VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL GRADUATION PROJECT FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PURCHASING DECISIONS OF VIETNAMESE CONSUMERS: A CASE STUDY OF THE SHOPEE E-COMMERCE PLATFORM SUPERVISOR: Assoc. Nguyen Phuong Mai STUDENT: Dang Thi Minh Anh STUDENT ID HELP: E2300052 STUDENT ID VNU: 21070668 SUBJECT CODE: MGT400 COHORT: QHQ_2021_Q MAJOR: Marketing Hanoi – Year 2025 iv DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY AND WORD COUNT I hereby declare that the graduation project is based on my original work except for quotations and citations which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been previously or concurrently submitted for any other course/degree at HELP University or other institutions. The word count is 11,801 words.
DANG THI MINH ANH _____________________ NAME OF CANDIDATE Date: 29th April 2025 v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As I complete this thesis, I am filled with immense gratitude for the support, guidance, and encouragement I have received throughout this journey. This work would not have been possible without the invaluable contributions of many individuals, to whom I owe my deepest appreciation. First and foremost, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Assoc. Nguyen Phuong Mai, whose expertise, patience, and unwavering support have been instrumental in shaping this research.
Your insightful feedback and encouragement have pushed me to finish my thesis. I would also like to express my appreciation to the International School – Vietnam National University, Hanoi, as well as all the faculty members and administrative staff who have provided academic support and resources that facilitated my research. A special thanks to those who, directly or indirectly, have contributed to my work. The support I have received from all of you is truly priceless, and I wholeheartedly acknowledge that this achievement would not have been possible without your help.
From the bottom of my heart, thank you so much! Hanoi, 29th April 2025 Sincerely, Dang Thi Minh Anh vi BUSINESS DEPARTMENT BACHELOR OF BUSINESS MGT400 GRADUATION PROJECT DECLARATION FORM Name: Dang Thi Minh Anh Student ID: E2300052 Programme of Studies: Dual-Marketing Title of Project/Dissertation: Factors Influencing the Purchasing Decisions of Vietnamese Consumers: A Case Study of the Shopee E-Commerce Platform Name of Supervisor(s): Assoc. Nguyen Phuong Mai Declaration: In accordance with the appropriate regulations, I hereby submit the above Graduation Project for examination and I declare that: (i) I have read and understood the sections on Plagiarism found in the University’s “General Information to Students” Handbook and certify that the Graduation Project embodies the results of my own work. (ii) I have adhered to the ‘Harvard system of referencing’ or a system acceptable as per “The Referencing Guide” for referencing, quotations and citations in my Graduation Project. Each contribution to, and quotation in my Graduation Project from the work of other people has been attributed, and has been cited and referenced.
(iii) I have not allowed and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passingit off as his or her own work. (iv) I am aware that I may have to forfeit the degree in the event that plagiarism has been detected after the award. (vi) I am aware that my Graduation Project may be used by my supervisor(s) and/or HELP University for further research or any collaborative work, and under no circumstances whatsoever would claim any rights to the said work. Signature: DANG THI MINH ANH Date: 29/04/2025 vii ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the factors influencing purchase decisions on the Shopee e- commerce platform among Vietnamese consumers.
With the rapid growth of e- commerce in Vietnam, understanding consumer behavior is crucial for businesses aiming to enhance their marketing strategies. The research employs a quantitative approach, utilizing an online survey conducted among Vietnamese consumers aged 18 to 45 who actively use Shopee. The conceptual framework integrates several theoretical models, including the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2), and the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model. The study identifies Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Attitude (AT), Price (PR), Reference Group (RG), and Promotion (PM) as key factors that impact Vietnamese consumers' Purchase Intention (PI) and Purchase Decisions (PD) on the Shopee e-commerce platform.
Multiple regression analysis supports all proposed hypotheses. These findings provide both theoretical and practical contributions by enhancing the understanding of online consumer behavior in Vietnam’s growing e- commerce market. This study's insights give businesses a deeper understanding of Vietnamese consumer behavior in the Shopee e-commerce market. Particularly, e- commerce sellers can develop marketing strategies to enhance customer buying intention and purchase behaviors.
The findings underscore the importance of understanding consumer behavior to maintain a competitive edge in the rapidly changing digital marketplace. viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviations Full meaning PU Perceived Usefulness PEOU Perceived Ease of Use AT Attitude PR Price RG Reference Group PM Promotion PI Purchase Intention PD Purchase Decision TPB Theory of Planned Behavior TAM Technology Acceptance Model Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of UTAUT2 Technology 2 S-O-R Stimulus-Organism-Response E-commerce Electronic commerce E-business Electronic business EFA Exploratory Factor Analysis KOM Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin VIF Variance Inflation Factor HTMT Heterotrait-Monotrait CR Composite Reliability AVE Average Variance Extracted R² R Square f² f Square UX User Experience UI User Interface ix LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) (Ajzen, 1991). 7 Figure 2: The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis, 1989). 7 Figure 3: The UTAUT2 Model (Venkatesh et al.
8 Figure 4: The S-O-R Model (Mehrabian & Russell, 1974). 9 Figure 5: The Conceptual Framework (Author, 2025). 15 Figure 6: Hypothesis Path Diagram (Author, 2025). 36 x LIST OF TABLES Table 1: The 5-Point Likert Scale Measurements.
18 Table 2: Measurement Items. 19 Table 3: Sample Demographic Characteristics (n=176). 23 Table 4: KMO and Bartlett’s Test Result of the Independent, Mediator Variables, and Dependent Variable. 25 Table 5: Results of Outer Loadings.
25 Table 6: Reliability and Validity Assessment of Measurement Scales. 27 Table 7: Result of Fornell-Larcker Criterion. 28 Table 8: HTMT Result. 29 Table 9: Cross-loadings Result.
29 Table 10: Result of VIF. 31 Table 11: R Square Result. 32 Table 12: f Square Result. 32 Table 13: Path Coefficients Result.
33 xi Table of Contents DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY AND WORD COUNT. viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. ix LIST OF FIGURES. x LIST OF TABLES.
xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. Scope of Research. Significance of Study. 3 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.
The Related Concepts. The Related Theories. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).
The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) 8 2. Stimulation-Organism-Response (S-O-R). Factors that Influence the Purchase Intention and Purchase Decision of Consumers. Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU).
Research Design and Research Method. Data Collection Techniques. The Questionnaire Design. Data Analysis Techniques.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS. Demographics of Respondent Results. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Measurement Model Assessment.
Structural Model Assessment. Limitations and Further Research. 41 LIST OF REFERENCES. 65 TURNITIN SIMILARITY REPORT.
68 xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Problem Statement The Vietnam e-commerce market is projected to develop at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.09% from 2024 to 2029, from an estimated USD 14.70 billion in 2024 to USD 23.77 billion by 2029 Mordor Intelligence (2024). According to eMarketer, Vietnam is one of the top 5 fastest-growing e-commerce economies in the world, with a remarkable compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 20% annually (Luong, 2024). Shopee sustained its dominant position with a revenue of VND 62.49 billion), accounting for 71.4% of the gross merchandise value (GMV) market share.
Additionally, it maintained a market share exceeding 50% across all product categories on e-commerce platforms (News, 2024). Although Shopee holds a dominant position in Vietnam’s e-commerce market, the increasing entry of new competitors and the dynamic behavior of digital-native consumers are reshaping the competitive landscape (Minh, 2024). Previous studies have examined consumer behavior in online shopping on e-commerce, highlighting key factors such as perceived ease of use (Fadillah et al., 2024; Inggaris & Wibowo, 2023), perceived usefulness (Ching et al., 2021), price (Dilla & Usman, 2021; Mbete & Tanamal, 2020), promotion (Prasetyono et al. However, most of these studies were conducted in other markets or general online shopping contexts, without considering the dynamics of Shopee in Vietnam.
Besides, the researchers all applied the TPB, TAM, UTAUT2, and S-O-R theoretical models either individually or in combination with another theoretical framework. In this study, the combination of TPB and TAM helps explain behavior based on social influences (reference group), attitudes, and technology perceptions, while UTAUT2 and S-O-R supplement external stimuli (price, promotion), which is suitable for the Vietnamese collectivist cultural context. Considering the distinctive characteristics of the digital environment in Vietnam and the cultural factors that shape local consumer behavior, existing theoretical models may not adequately reflect the specific factors influencing Vietnamese consumers’ decision-making. Although a study by Nguyen and Do (2019) combined the TAM and TPB models (C- TAM-TPB) in the Vietnam context, this model excluded stimulus factors such as price and promotion that are characteristic of the Vietnamese market, where consumers are 1 price-sensitive and prefer discounts, which can lead to shortcomings in understanding consumption behavior on e-commerce platforms.
Besides, a study by Mohd Ali et al. (2024) emphasized the importance of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use in forming the intention to buy goods, but did not consider the influence of the reference group. The swift expansion of online shopping and e-commerce worldwide has greatly transformed consumer behavior, especially in Vietnam, where traditional retail once held a dominant position in the market. While the growth of e-commerce in Vietnam is acknowledged, there is limited understanding of the specific factors driving purchasing decisions on Shopee.
This research gap presents an opportunity to explore the relative importance of various factors affecting consumers' purchase decisions on Shopee. Identifying these factors is not only for academic advancement but also helps businesses to tailor their marketing strategies effectively. Without a comprehensive understanding of consumer behavior, companies may struggle to meet the evolving needs and preferences of their target audience, potentially leading to decreased sales and customer loyalty (Nguyen & Do, 2019). Research Objective RO1: The study aims to investigate the factors influencing the purchasing intention and purchase decisions of Vietnamese Consumers in the case of the Shopee E- Commerce platform.
Scope of Research This study focuses on Vietnamese consumers aged 18 to 45 who actively use the Shopee platform. The research aims to explore the factors influencing their purchasing decisions, including purchase intention, price, promotion, reference group, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness. Geographically, the study is concentrated in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, which represent the two largest and most dynamic consumer markets in Vietnam. The data collection process took place from February to March 2025.