MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRANNING UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY NGUYEN QUOC PHONG THE MODERATING ROLE OF TIME URGENCY AND FUTURE TIME PERSPECTIVE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEAM TEMPORAL LEADERSHIP AND TEAM PERFORMANCE Subject: Master of Business Administration Code: 60. NGUYỄN ĐÌNH THỌ HO CHI MINH CITY - 2012 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com I ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to appreciate to teachers at Economy University of Ho Chi Minh city for their valuable knowledge that guiding me so far. I would like to appreciate PhD. Pham Quoc Hung for his kindness in instructing me through difficult time in finding ways to result my research problems.
Also through his guiding I found the important and application of this thesis in literature and implication. Last but not least, I deeply appreciate the helping of my dear wife, my family for their counting on me. Thanks to them I got the motivation to get through long time studying to fulfill my master thesis. I also would like to appreciate my dear friends at eMBAK19 class for their sharing knowledge and friendship.
Nguyen Quoc Phong Ho Chi Minh, 26 October 2012 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com II COMMITMENT I would like to commit that this thesis, “the moderating role of time urgency, future perspective on the relationship between team temporal leadership and team performance”, was accomplished basing on my independent, serious study and scientific researches. The data was primary collected by my own with clear origins. In addition, the data would be trust-worthily handled and it has never been released in any paper so far. Nguyen Quoc Phong TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com III CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .3 RESEARCH’S SCOPE AND APPROACH.4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .1 Time Urgency and Type A Behavior Pattern .2 Characteristic of Time Urgency.3 Time Urgency and Team Performance .2 Time Perspective and team performance .3 TEAM TEMPORAL LEADERSHIP.4 TEAM TEMPORAL LEADERSHIP AND TEAM PERFORMANCE .1 Time Urgency Scale .2 Future Time Perspective .3 Temporal Leadership Scale .4 Team Performance Scale .5 Translation of Questionnaires .24 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.7 SELECTING THE SAMPLE AND COLLECTING DATA.8 METHODS OF DATA ANALYSIS .3 Confirmatory Factor Analysis .4 Analysis of Variance .31 CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS .2 CHARACTERISTIC OF QUALIFIED RESPONDENTS.
RELIABILITY OF THE MEASUREMENTS.1 Reliability of Time Urgency Measurement.2 Reliability of Future Consequence Measurement .3 Reliability of Team Temporal Leadership Measurement .4 Reliability of Team Performance Measurement.6 CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS .7 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE .1 The Effect of Gender on Team Performance.2 The Effect of Age on Team Performance .3 Test The Effect of Education on Team Performance.1 The Effect of Team Temporal Leadership on Team Performance.2 The Moderating Role of Time Urgency and Future Time Perspective on the Relationship between Team Temporal Leadership and Team Performance.1 DISCUSSIONS OF FINDINGS.3 CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY.4 LIMITATION AND FURTHER RESEARCH.XV TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com V TABLES Table 3.1 Time Urgency Scale Table 3.2 Future consequence scale Table 3.3 Team temporal leadership Table 3.4 Team performance Table 3.5 Assessing Fit Indices Table 4.2: Socio-demographic Characteristics of Qualified respondents.3: Assessment of normality.4: Summarize Cronbach’s Alpha score of Time Urgency measurements.5: Summarize Cronbach’s Alpha score of Future Consequence measurements.6: Summarize Cronbach’s Alpha score of Team Temporal Leadership measurements.7: Summarize Cronbach Alpha score of Team Performance measurments Table 4.8: Standardized Regression weight.9: Goodness-of Fit Indexes Result Table 4.10 Independent Samples Test (Dependent variable: TP; Grouping variable: Gender) TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com VI Table 4.11 Analysis of Variance (Dependent variable: TP; Factor: Age) Table 4.12 Analysis of Variance(Dependent variable: TP; Factor: Education) Table 4.13 Descriptive Statistics and Correlations Table 4.14 The effect of team temporal leadership on team performance Table 4.15: Statistics of two model (with and without TL) Table 4.16 The moderating role of time urgency and future time perspective on the relationship between team temporal leadership and team performance Table 4.17: Statistics two model (with and without moderator TU and FC) Table 4.18: Relationship between TL and TP (moderator TU) Table 4.19: Statistics of Relationship between TL and TP (moderator TU) Table 4.20: Relationship between TL and TP (moderator FC) Table 4.21: Statistics of Relationship between TL and TP(moderator FC) TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com VII FIGURES Figure 2.1 Original model (Source: Mohammed and Nadkarni, 2011) Figure 2.1 Research process Figure 4.1 CFA model Figure 4.2a: Time urgency strengthen the positive relationship between team temporal leadership and team performance.2b: Future consequence strengthen the positive relationship between team temporal leadership and team performance. TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 1 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Problem Statement Rapidly changing competition, customer needs, technologies and completion of task in today’s business environment have created temporal challenges for teams in the form of extremely short deadlines, complex and dynamic cooperation of task goals (e. These challenges require careful management of temporal (time) resources in teams (Lientz & Rea, 2001), making time become arelevance research issues. Despite its importance, research on time, especially time in the deadline condition of team has been spare and inconsistent (Mohammed & Nadkarni, 2011).
To answer the calle of the need to give understanding on this issue, an increasing number of researchers have been conducted on temporal perspective (e.g Ancona et al., 2001; Waller, 1998; Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999). In term of team temporal leadership, Mohammed and Nadkarni (2011)find out team temporal leadership has a positive impact on team performance. However, their research just focuses on groups in one a technology company, which is not diverse enough to represent work forces in general. In addition, they also yet to find out if the role of team temporal leadership on team performance can be effected by any moderator.
Derived from the notion that leaders can affect circumstances and circumstances can affect leaders in reverse, the author set out hypotheses that temporal leadership can be affected by their follower’s individual differences, which are time urgency(feeling chronically hurried [Landy et al, 1991]) and future time perspective(cognitive temporal bias toward being future oriented [Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999]). Vietnam is a fast developing country; with an average of GPD growth from 2000 to 2010 was more than 6 % per year (tradingeconomy. The economic TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 2 developing creates the need of change in leadership not only at individual level but also at group level tocoordinate member adapting with the sophisticate of tasks. Despite the important of leadership in group and it moderators, which has been an interesting subject to researchers in developed countries, a comprehensive investigation on group level with Vietnamese work force has been spare.Answering this call, I investigate the moderating role of time urgency, future perspective on the relationship between team temporal leadership and team performance.
This study examines the relationship between team temporal leadership and team performance. It also analyses the moderating role of individual time urgency and time perspective on this relationship. The questions below will be answer accordingly: Question 1:How team temporal leadership affects team performance? Question 2: How individual time urgency affects the relationship between team temporal leadership and team performance? Question 3: How individual future time perspective affects the relationship between team temporal leadership and team performance? Last but not least, this paper also wants to test if there is a difference on team performance between some main demographic (gender, age, and education) groups. The literature review will define these concepts and reveal relevance researches on these issues.
The quantitative research will be conducted to answer these questions.3 Research’s Scope and Approach. TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 3 First, this study conducted in a crowded city and a small province. They are Ho Chi Minh City and DaklakProvince. The reason for this choice is that it’s represents the diversity of downtown city and rural area.
Second, since this paper analysts at team level, the respondents of this paper targeted to interview are full time employees, who working in teams, groups or departments (from now the term “team” or “group” will presented for team, group and department) with other members. They can be sale person, marketing person,doctors, nurses, technicians and any employees who have directed contact with customers. This study will have two main phases: qualitative and quantitative research. The qualitative include draws draft questionnaire from literature review; then, translate questionnaire into Vietnamese,next conduct group discussions, then review and debate and review againquestionnaires until have final questionnaires.
The quantitative research will test the measurement (questionnaires), hypothesis and draw conclusion.1 Academic Contributions Individual temporal differences and temporal leadership is well recognized subject in Western countries. However, at this moment in Vietnam, little research has been conducting to analyst their affect, especially at team performance level. This paper contributes to the research field of leadership and team performance in two aspects. First, this thesis tries to confirm whether and how team temporal leadership affect team performances.
Second, this paper will finds out if individual time urgency and time perspective affect the relationship between team temporal leadership and team performance. Last but not least, it introduces the concept of TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 4 time urgency,future time perspective and the nascent concept of team temporal leadership, which are still quite new in Vietnam.2 Managerial Contributions This study provides managers with a deeper understanding of how their leadership in time perspective affects team performance, and how theirfollower’s difference in time urgency, time perspective can affect the result of their leadership.5 Research Structure This paper is included in 5 chapters: Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Literature review provides theoretical and empirical background connecting to the hypothesized research model. Chapter 3: Methodology addresses methodologies and analysis tools and techniques. Chapter 4: Analysis is conducted based on the collected data to test the hypotheses and answer the research questions.
Chapter 5: Discussion base on the result and provide theoretical, practical implication, and possible directions for further research. Summary This chapter had introduced the important to conduct this research and relevance researches of pioneers over the issue of this paper (the issue of time). The Objectives of this paper is defined as the relationship between team temporal leadership and team performance and the moderators of this relationship, they are time urgency and future time perspective.The academic and managerial contribution of this research also had introduced. TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter reviews the theoretical and empirical literatures, providing the theoretical background to the problem under research.
Temporal Individual Differences In the scope of this paper, the author examines two temporal individual differences: time urgency and time perspective. These temporal individual differences are conceptually distinct, capture unique time-based characteristics relevant to team tasks, and have been theoretically implicated as important for team functioning. Although sparse, team-level studies are beginning to investigate time urgency (Mohammed & Angle, 2004) and time perspective (West & Meyer, 1997).1Time Urgency and Type A Behavior Pattern The empirical and theoretical studies have shown the important of how people make decisions under time pressure. Time urgency is an important factor to consider when study people conducting their activities under deadline condition.
Time urgency emerged from the study of the relationship between coronary-prone individual (Type A) and heart disease (Friedman and Roseman, 1974). Time urgency, a subcomponent of Type A behavior, is a frequent concern with the passage of time, and a relatively stable characteristic of Type A behavior individual TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 6 (Waller et al. Type A behavior individuals consider hard-driving, competitive, hostile, and time urgent comparison to no coronary-prone individual (Type B). Type A individuals are expected work significantly faster than Type B’s (Yarnold and Grimm, 1982).
This sense of time urgency is one of the central elements of Type A behavior. Time urgency is characterized by an accelerated pace of activities that results from striving to fulfill more and more in less time (Friedman and Roseman, 1974). This hard-driving nature is supported by the finding of Burman et al.