MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY -------- ∞0∞-------- PHAM TRAN NHA CHI THE APPLICATION OF YOUTUBE WEBSITE IN TEACHING ENGLISH SPEAKING FOR VIETNAMESE ADULT LEARNERS MASTER OF ARTS IN TESOL HO CHI MINH CITY, 2023 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY -------- ∞0∞-------- PHAM TRAN NHA CHI THE APPLICATION OF YOUTUBE WEBSITE IN TEACHING ENGLISH SPEAKING FOR VIETNAMESE ADULT LEARNERS Major: Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages Major code: 8 14 01 11 MASTER OF ARTS IN TESOL Supervisor: PHAM THI HUONG, Ph. HO CHI MINH CITY, 2023 TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC MỞ CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc KHOA ĐÀO TẠO SAU ĐẠI HỌC GIẤY XÁC NHẬN Tôi tên là: Phạm Trần Nhã Chi Ngày sinh: 07/01/1994 Nơi sinh: Bình Định Chuyên ngành: LL&PP dạy Tiếng Anh Mã học viên: 1881401110004 Tôi đồng ý cung cấp toàn văn thông tin luận án/ luận văn tốt nghiệp hợp lệ về bản quyền cho Thư viện trường đại học Mở Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Thư viện trường đại học Mở Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh sẽ kết nối toàn văn thông tin luận án/ luận văn tốt nghiệp vào hệ thống thông tin khoa học của Sở Khoa học và Công nghệ Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Ký tên (Ghi rõ họ và tên) ………………………………… CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM Độc lập - Tự do - Hạnh phúc Ý KIÉN CHO PHÉP BẢO VỆ LUẬN VĂN THẠC sĩ CỦA GIẢNG VIÊN HƯỚNG DẪN Giảng viên hướng dẫn: TS.
Phạm Thị Hương Học viên thực hiện: Phạm Trần Nhã Chi Lớp; MTESOL18 A Ngày sinh: 07/01/1994 Nơi sinh: Bình Định Tên đề tài: THE APPLICATION OF THE YOUTUBE WEBSITE IN TEACHING ENGLISH SPEAKING SKING FOR VIETNAMESE ADULT LEARNERS Ý kiến của giáo viên hướng dẫn về việc cho phép học viên Phạm Trần Nhã Chi được bảo vệ luận văn trước Hội đồng: - Học viên có thái độ nghiêm túc trong quá trình thực hiện nghiên cứu và viết luận văn - Học viên tiếp thu các ý kiến đóng góp của người hướng dẫn Đồng ý cho học viên nộp và bảo vệ luận văn. Thành phố Hồ Chí Mình, ngày 2 tháng 2 năm 2023 Người nhận xét TS. Phạm Thị Hương STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I confirm that the present research was conducted by my own and the results have not been copied from other sources. All sources of information used in this paper were properly cited and referenced.
Moreover, I am the sole author of this thesis and that this thesis has not been published anywhere else. Ho Chi Minh City, February 7th, 2023 Author’s signature Pham Tran Nha Chi i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to those who have helped me and been by my side during this trying but educational experience, particularly in light of the complicated spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, which has continuously hampered the progress of my investigation. In addition, my manager, my coworkers, and all of the supporters with whom I have had the opportunity to collaborate during my coursework study have significantly contributed to completing my thesis. My study supervisor, Dr.
Pham Thi Huong, has provided me with invaluable guidance, insightful remarks, and exemplary patience. I would like to express my deepest appreciation for all of these things. She has provided me with access to great sources and to her significant knowledge, both of which have been important in guiding me through the process of writing my thesis. I also could not accomplish this paper without the great assistance from the center manager, the entire staff, and the teachers at SAS Language Center.
Especially, my extreme thanks go to the two examiners who conducted the pre-test and post-test. Moreover, all participants from the S0-367 class have been eagerly involved in the course, which helped to create an active and comfortable classroom environment. Last but not least, I express my deepest thank to my family members for their mental stimulation and financial support during the period of my master’s program and thesis completion. ii ABSTRACT There are insufficient opportunities for students learning English to practice speaking outside the classroom.
Asynchronous computer-mediated communication (ACMC) tools can help learners overcome this disadvantage by offering a time- and location-independent online environment to interact and share their thoughts. YouTube is regarded as one of ACMC's most valuable resources. Therefore, the purposes of this study are to investigate the effect of YouTube as an ACMC tool on Vietnamese adult learners’ English speaking and how YouTube encourages learners to provide feedback. Learners’ perceptions of using YouTube as an ACMC tool in teaching English speaking were also examined.
The methodological approach for this study was quasi-experimental. 20 adult students aged 18 to 35 years old enrolled in the elementary class at the Saigon American Language Center (SAS). Asynchronous online task on YouTube and CLT approach were used in the experimental group, whereas students in the control group received instruction based on the Communicative Language Teaching technique. Three tools a pre-test and a post-test, and interviews were used to collect data for this study.
In conclusion, the pre-test and post-test findings revealed that the experimental group students showed considerably greater growth in their speaking ability than those in the control group. In addition, subjects of the current study reported having favorable perceptions regarding the use of YouTube in their learning process. Moreover, online feedback on YouTube promotes learners to provide feedback. It is advised that additional research on the usefulness and learners' perceptions of using YouTube as an ACMC tool should be carried out in various settings and fields.
iii TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS. iv LIST OF TABLES. vii LIST OF FIGURES.
viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .1 Background of the study .2 Statement of the problem .3 Rationale for the study .6 The scope of the study.7 Significance of the study .8 Organization of the study. 6 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .2 Teaching English speaking for adult learners .3 YouTube in teaching English speaking for adult learners .1 Definitions of YouTube .2 Guidelines for integrating YouTube in teaching English Speaking Skills .3 Process of using YouTube videos in teaching English speaking.4 Previous studies on learners’ perceptions of the use of YouTube in teaching English speaking skills .4 Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) .1 Modes of the CMC .2 Characteristics of the CMC .3 Principles of using CMC in teaching English speaking .4 Benefits of Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) .5 Asynchronous Computer-Mediated Communication (ACMC) .1 Benefits of the ACMC .2 Asynchronous online comments .3 Principles of using ACMC .4 Challenges of using the ACMC tools .5 Previous studies on ACMC .6 Theoretical framework of the study .2 Research sites and participants.1 The experimental group .2 The control group .6 Reliability and Validity. 33 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .1 Results of students’ speaking performance .3 Paired sample t-test .1 Level of contribution .3 Post-treatment interview .2 Effectiveness of YouTube as an ACMC .3 The asynchronous feedback on the YouTube videos .4 Learners’ perceptions of using YouTube as an ACMC .3 Summary of the key findings.
Limitations of this study and future research. 65 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 2. 1 The CLT methodology versus traditional language teaching approaches. 2 The video-use process.
1 Timeline of the research. 1 Independent sample T-test by group. 2 Independent sample T-test by group. 3 Dependent t-test by the EG.
4 Dependent t-test by the CG. 5 Individual’s number of online comments per week by the experimental group. 6 Individual’s number of online comments per week by the control group. 38 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.
Comments coded into themes. Social-affective comments by subcategories and by groups. Organizational comments by subcategories and by group. Socio-cognitive comments by subcategories and by group.
44 viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ACMC : Asynchronous Computer-Mediated Communication APEC : Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation ASIAN : Association of Southeast Asian Nations BBS : Bulletin Board System CG : Control Group CM : Center Manager CMC : Computer-Mediated Communication CLT : Communicative Language Teaching EFL : English as a Foreign Language EG : Experimental group ESL : English as a Second Language FTF : Face to Face L2 : Second language PBL : Project-based Learning SAS : Sai Gon American Language Center SCMC : Synchronous Computer-Mediated Communication Ss : Students TESOL : Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages WTO : World Trade Organization ZPD : Zone of Proximal Development ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study English has been considered an obligatory component of the educational experience for students in Vietnam for decades. The Deputy Minister and Minister of Education in Viet Nam demanded, during a conference that took place on January 5, 2008, that all university graduates can communicate successfully in English by the year 2020. To accomplish this objective, the Ministry of Education and Training was required to initiate preparations for an English training program. This program's objective was to improve the quality of English instruction and education throughout Vietnam.
In addition, because Vietnam joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) as the 50th member at the end of 2007, learning English has become the top priority for Vietnamese people who want to earn competitive pay in the present labor market. In addition, because Vietnam is a member of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Vietnamese have unavoidably been influenced by the prevalent usage of the English language. Even though a significant number of Vietnamese people are proficient in Russian, French, and Chinese, the introduction of an economic revolution known as "doi moi" in the 1990s resulted in an increased emphasis on the English language among the Vietnamese population. As a consequence, English has supplanted Russian, French, and Chinese to take the position of preeminent foreign language in Vietnam.
In the past, pupils did not begin their education in the most widely spoken foreign language until they joined a secondary school (at the age of 11) in the majority of urban regions or a high school (at the age of 16) in the remaining parts of the country. However, a debate on whether or not English should be taught as a main or secondary subject in elementary schools sparked controversy. Following that, beginning in 2010, a decree issued by the Prime Minister directed that English instruction should start with 8-years-old students. The ever-increasing demand for English language learners has resulted in the proliferation of many language centers that specialize in teaching English.
These centers offer a wide range of classes to students of varying ages. There are a lot of different approaches that have been promoted as ways to help students become proficient in English after a certain amount of time. However, the question that needs to be asked is 1 whether or not the current instructional strategies can enhance learners' competencies. In spite of the fact that the majority of Vietnamese students spend around ten years studying English before entering university, the majority of them are unable to speak English in a proficient manner (Tomlinson & Dat, 2004).
The cause for this could be linked to antiquated ways of teaching that centered on the teacher and examinations rather than centered on the student (Nguyen, 2011). A passive learning environment fails to provide learners with opportunities for interactive practice outside the confines of the classroom, which prevents learners from developing their confidence to its full potential (Tomlinson & Dat, 2004). Since the 1990s, the Grammar-Translation methodology, which mainly focuses on structures and forms, has been taken place by Communicative Language Teaching (CLT).