MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY NGUYEN TUYET VI % io THE EFFECT OF REPEATED READING ON TWELFTH-GRADE STUDENTS' EFL READING FLUENCY 8 AT TAN TUC HIGH SCHOOL Major: Teaching English to Speakers of other Languages Major code: 8 14 0111 8 MASTER OF ARTS IN TESOL Supervisor: Dr. NGUYEN THUY NGA 8 % 8 HO CHI MINH CITY, 2022 TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC MỞ CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH Độc lập - Tự do - Hạnh phúc KHOA ĐÀO TẠO SAU ĐẠI HỌC GIẤY XÁC NHẬN Tôi tên là: Nguyễn Tuyết Vi Ngày sinh: 01/02/1984 Nơi sinh: Tp. Hồ Chí Minh Chuyên ngành: LL&PPDH bộ môn tiếng Anh Mã học viên: 1781401110044 Tôi đồng ý cung cấp toàn văn thông tin luận văn tốt nghiệp hợp lệ về bản quyền cho Thư viện trường đại học Mờ Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Thư viện trường đại học Mở Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh sẽ kết nối toàn văn thông tin luận văn tốt nghiệp vào hệ thống thông tin khoa học của Sở Khoa học và Công nghệ Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.
Ký tên (Ghi rõ họ và tên) Nguyễn Tuyết Vi STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I certify that this thesis submitted entitle “The Effect of Repeated Reading on Twelfth-Grade Students’ EFL Reading Fluency at Tan Tuc High School” is my own work. Except where reference is made in the text of the thesis, this thesis does not contain material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a thesis by which I have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma. No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of the thesis. This thesis has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution.
Ho Chi Minh City, March 2022 •"WL Nguyen Tuyet Vi ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Foremost, I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Nguyen Thuy Nga, for her enthusiasm, patience, motivation and extensive knowledge. I cannot thank enough for her tremendous instruction and continuous support. I would like to thank my colleagues who were always willing to help and share experience.
In addition, I am extremely appreciative to my principal for arranging flexible working hours so that I could attend the course. Finally, I would like to thank my entire family for being there for me and providing care and support. I am especially grateful to my mother for understanding me, as well as to my aunt, who was always there for me and gave me encouragement when I was stuck writing my essay. iii ABSTRACT The English language is claimed to have played an essential role in people's employment and lives as a result of globalization.
Reading appears to be the most challenging of the four skills. As a result, a variety of teaching methodologies have been created to assist students in learning. The current study entitled “The Effect of Repeated Reading on Twelfth-Grade Students’ EFL Reading Fluency at Tan Tuc High School” was conducted with the participation of twelfth-grade students. Eighty- one Twelfth-Grade Students at Tan Tuc I ligh School were selected and separated into two groups: an experimental group and a control group.
The objectives included the investigation of repeated reading’s effects on students’ reading fluency and students’ attitude toward this technique. The study design was a hybrid of a quasi-experimental and quantitative technique, with the use of pre-posttests and questionnaires. After having analyzed the data, there were some major findings revealed. First, the results demonstrated the development of each student in the experimental group, not only before and after the experiment, but also throughout the treatment.
Second, students expressed their positive attitude toward the impact of Repeated Reading on reading fluency. This investigation demonstrated the need of incorporating the Repeated Reading technique into teaching courses so that foreign language students may improve their reading fluency. Teachers may desire to implement this technique, particularly for high school pupils, based on the findings of this study on repeated reading. This study also provides teachers with suggestions for implementing Repeated Reading.
In addition, because Repeated Reading can be easily implemented not only in the classroom but also at home, students are also encouraged to practice the application of Repeated Reading more often to improve their reading fluency. Keywords: repeated reading, reading fluency. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS.
iv LIST OF TABLES. vi LIST OF FIGURES. viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. Background of the study.
Aim of the study. Significance of the study. Scope of the study.6 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW. Definitions of reading.
Definition of reading fluency. Components of reading fluency. Teaching Reading Fluency. Characteristics of Texts Used for Reading Fluency Practice.
Definition of Repeated Reading. Repeated Reading Technique. Repeated Reading research in L2 setting. Two tests: Pretest and Posttest.
Materials for teaching. Reliability and Validity. The Cronbach’s Alpha. 35 3 9 Chapter sumrnan' 37 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION.
Research question 1: To what extent does Repeated Reading enhance Twelfth- Grade Students’ EFL Reading Fluency at Tan Tuc High School?. Independent Sample T-Test. Average àcoiHig ivictnoa. Highest Minus Lowest Scoring Method.
The 16th Minus 1st Scoring Method. Summary of research question 1. Summary of research question 2. The Effect of Repeated Reading on Twelfth-Grade Students’ EFL Reading Fluency at Tan Tuc High School.
Tan Tuc High School students’ attitudes toward the Repeated Reading. 66 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, LIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. Implementations for teachers. Implementations for student.
a -- Ĩ 4 "5 1 a - kJ asacaaaac a a aaaaaaaaaaaaaassaaaaaaaaacassaaaaaaaaaaaaBaaaaaáaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaeaacaaaaaaaeaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaasassaaaaaaaã -X. APPENDIX A -Speed Readings for ESL Learners 500 BNC. 3 vi Speed Readings for ESL Learners. 9 APPENDIX c - The Cronbach’s Alpha.
13 APPENDIX D -Descriptive Statistics of the question. 14 LIST OF TABLES Table 4-1: Descriptive statistics of pretest result. 38 Table 4-2: Independent Sample T-Test of pretest results. 39 Table 4-3: Descriptive statistics of posttest result.
40 Table 4-4: Independent Sample T-Test of posttest results. 41 Table 4-5: Paired Samples Statistics. 41 Table 4-6: Paired Samples Test. 42 Tool'd p 4-7’ nrfig StPQripo Nfcthod Ord^^C” —V ^crccnta^c of die T—tfil Increase.
45 Table 4-8: The Highest Minus Lowest Scoring Method Ordered by Percentage of the Total Increase. 48 Table 4-9: The 16th Minus 1st Scoring Method Ordered by Percentage of the Total Increase. 50 Table 4-10: Comparison of the Average Values for All Students in the Three Methods Table 4-11: Influence’s Repeated Reading activities on reading fluency. 54 Table 4-12: Enjoyment and Motivation in Repeated Reading technique.57 Table 4-13: Repeated Reading activities in collaboration and interaction.59 Table 4-14: General Impression of Repeated Reading activities.
62 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1. Components of Reading F luency. Repeated Reading activities influence in reading fluency. Students’ attitudes toward the Repeated Reading.
Repeated Reading activities in collaboration and interaction. Students’ General attitudes towards Repeated Reading activities.64 viii ABBREVIATIONS CG: Conữolled group EFL: English as Foreign Language FL: foreign language LI: first language / mother language L2: second language/ target language ORR: Oral Repeated Reading PRR: Paired Repeated Reading RR: Repeated Reading RT: Reader’s Theater 1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION The study targets the effects of Repeated Reading on twelfth-grade students’ English fluency at high school. This chapter initially discusses the study's problem statement, then provides additional details about the study's purpose before posing research questions and hypotheses. Moreover, this chapter also mentions the study's significance and thesis organization.
Subsequently, this section is associated with the scope of the study and the chapter summary. Reading fluency, despite its importance in language learning, appears to pose difficulties for students. Background of the study The subject of how to acquire effective reading skills in English is one of the most persistent concerns of all English learners who are having difficulty enhancing their reading skills. Because English is the most often used language in worldwide communication, it has become the most important language to master (Roundy & Roundy, 2009).
In addition to politics, economics, tourism, electronics, telecommunications, culture, science, and technology, English is widely used in a variety of other fields as well (Nguyen, 2007). English serves as a gateway to higher education, international trade, politics, tourism, and other fields of interest (Widyastuti, 2012). Students are typically required to develop four skills in order to learn a language: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. According to Nguyen and Nguyen (2019), learning English requires the mastery of four linguistic abilities: reading, listening, speaking, and writing.
Reading appears to be the most essential of these four skills for learning. The authors also argue that reading is by far the most important of the four skills in a second language for the majority of students, especially in English as a second or foreign language. Examining English as a foreign language studies across the globe, the situation in which the majority of English learners find themselves is the primary reason why students learn English. 2 In order to help students improve their English reading skills, numerous teaching techniques are being implemented.
Recent research studies have outlined the important aspects of teaching reading in an English language learning context. Ruskey (2011) has emphasized phonemic awareness, phonics instruction, comprehension, information technology, and reading fluency. In recent years, reading fluency has received a great deal of attention as an essential component of being a good reader. Problem statement Improving reading practice is crucial in the process of learning English, to be specific, and to improve the general acquisition of knowledge in general.
Many scholars have proven that doing reading practice helps enhance other skills. Wilkins (1972) stresses the importance of learning vocabulary, saying that without vocabulary, the process of learning will never actually occur. However, Nation (2007) says that it is through reading practice that learners can acquire such great vocabulary items. This process is the first strand of the four strands he proves to support language learning.
Learners can learn new items of vocabulary by estimating their meaning in context. Therefore, it can be concluded that doing reading practice inevitably leads to the improvement of learning vocabulary. Moreover, doing reading practice facilitates the process of writing and speaking skills. Mark (2012) finds out that the integration of reading and speaking helps foster students’ speaking ability.
Similarly, Simachew (2011) proves that students can do better writing through doing reading practice. Not only does doing reading practice help enhance other skills, but it also helps other learning aspects. Frame (2011) finds that having the ability to do better reading can inextricably lead to a good ability to solve problems, improve critical thinking, improve writing, as well as research and organize ideas, and practice reasoning and creativity as well, as first mentioned in Strong et al. 3 However, high school students have great difficulty in doing reading practice, says Valencia (2014).
At Tan Tuc High School, students have the same problem. To be more specific, they have problems with reading fluency. From the author’s observation, students in this school appear to lack the ability to read texts at an adequate speed, with minimal inaccuracy, and with suitable emotion. As a result, they produce negative feelings when doing exercise when it comes to reading.
Prolonged, difficult, or unfamiliar vocabulary reading passages exhaust students and diminish their reading fluency. Therefore, despite being aware of the significance of reading fluency on the upcoming graduation exam, students avoid it on purpose. It is this avoidance of doing the reading that deters students from getting high scores in the English language exam on the National Examination, which is necessary for university entrance admission. Illis brings the author of this thesis to the notion of Repeated Reading as a solution to improve students’ reading fluency, which helps them have better chances of getting higher scores in the reading section of the national examination and winning a place at university.