STATE BANK OF VIETNAM BANKING ACADEMY BANKING FACULTY ------------o0o----------- GRADUATION THESIS Effects of Restructuring On The Financial Performance Of Commercial Banks: Case In Vietnam Supervisor: Dr. Nguyen Hong Yen Student name: Mai Nam Phuong Class: K19CLCNHB Faculty: Banking Student code: 19A4000479 Hanoi, 2020 i CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I can guarantee that I am the author of the submitted thesis:‖ The Effects of Restructuring On The Financial Performance Of Commercial Banks: Case In Vietnam‖. Apart from the references in the thesis, other information and analysis has not been used in any other papers and is the result of my own work. Additionally, I can ensure the reliability and the accuracy of the thesis and the thesis or any part of it has been yielded in any universities or institutions.
Signature Mai Nam Phuong Date: / / ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Dr. Nguyen Hong Yen, Head of Banking Accounting Department, Banking Falcuty, Banking Academy. She is a learned scholar, a devoted teacher, who acted as sources of inspiration throughout my entire research work. I shall be failing in my duty if I do not put in record that without his vast fund of knowledge, ready-witted advice and constant paternal encouragement, it would have been impossible for me to complete the research work.
Besides my advisor, I would like to express gratitude to all the professors and lecturers in Banking Academy for insightful lessons throughout the years. Invaluable assistance and useful guidance. I am also grateful for the valuable materials provided with easy access by all the library staffs in Banking Academy. My sincere thank went to all commercial banks in Vietnam for the useful information and the international organizations for tremendous data sources, as well as all the learned scholars of the world whose immense contribution in this area of study has enriched me in course of my work.
Last but not least, I want to say thanks to my friends and my family. They shared their valuable thoughts and extending their generous support to my thesis. Mai Nam Phuong iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES. v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
5 Research subjects and scope. 6 Structure of the thesis. 7 CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.1 Bank concentration theory .2 ―Eat or be eaten‖ theory of mergers. Basic Conceptual of the Restructuring.
10 Summary of chapter 1. 19 CHAPTER 2: TREND OF BANK RESTRUCTURING IN VIET NAM .1 Overview of the Banking Industry in Viet Nam Before Restructuring .2 The Situation Before Restructuring And The Urgency To Change .3 Restructuring Process In Vietnam .4 Operational Situation Of Restructuring Banks - Ratio Analysis. 35 Summary of chapter 2. 47 CHAPTER 3: EFFECTS OF RESTRUCTURING ON BANKS‘ FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE .2 Findings and Analysis.
53 Summary of chapter 3. 61 CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR VIETNAMESE COMMERCIAL BANKS AND GOVERNMENT .1 Orientation For The Development Of Vietnamese Commercial Banking System. 76 iv LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table Name 2.1 CAR ratios in Commercial Banks (2005-2009) 2.2 Cases of restructuring transaction in Vietnam 2.3 Cases of banking retructuring in Vietnam 3.1 Normally Distribution test 3.2 Wilcoxon signed rank test for ROA 3.3 Wilcoxon signed rank test for ROE 3.4 Wilcoxon signed rank test for LDR 3.5 Wilcoxon signed rank test for EAT 3.6 Wilcoxon signed rank test for EPS 3.7 Wilcoxon signed rank test for D/E ratio Figure Name 2.1 Number of banks 2006-2010 and 11 banks with over VND5000 billion authorized capital 2010 2.2 Number of branches, dealing rooms and ATMs of 12 banks in 2010 2.3 Average NPL ratio in banking system over the year and in some specific banks 2010 2.4 After-tax profits growth in specific banks in 2010 2.7 Top 60 ASEAN banks in 2016 2.8 Credit growth and Aggregate payment instruments 2.9 Total assets of financial institutions in Vietnam 2.10 ROE and ROA ratio of the banking system 2006 – 2017 2.11 NPL ratio of banking system 2.12 CAR ratio of banking system 2006 – 2016 2.13 Changing in authorized capitals in banks 2017 – 2018 2.14 Top 10 commercial banks had highest EBT in 2013 and 2018 3.1 ROA in 9 weak banks pre and post restructuring 3.2 ROE in 9 weak banks pre and post restructuring 3.3 LDR in 9 weak banks pre and post restructuring 3.4 EAT in 9 weak banks pre and post restructuring 3.5 EPS in 9 weak banks pre and post restructuring 3.6 D/E ratio in 9 weak banks pre and post restructuring 4.1 Bad debts and NPL ratio up to 2019 Appendix Name 1 Data Of 9 Commercial Banks 2 Wilcoxon Rank Test 3 Wilcoxon Rank Test Statistic vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation Full meaning ACB Asian Commercial Bank BIDV Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam CAR Capital Adequacy Ratio CI Credit Institution Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry CTG and Trade D/E Debt to equity EAT Earnings After Tax EPS Earnings per share Ho Chi Minh City Development Joint Stock HDBank Commercial Bank JCB Joint-stock commercial banks LDR Loan-to-Deposit Ratio LVP Lienviet Post bank M&A Merger & Acquisitions MHB Mekong Housing Bank MSB Vietnam Maritime Commercial Joint Stock Bank NFSC National Financial Supervisory Commission ROA Return on asset vii ROE Return on equity SBV State bank of Vietnam SHB Saigon-Ha Noi Bank SOCB State owed commercial banks STB Saigon Thuong Tin Commercial Joint Stock Bank Vietnam Technological and Commercial Joint‑ stock TCB Bank TPB Tien Phong Commercial Bank TPB Tienphong commercial Joint Stock Bank Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of VCB Vietnam VIB Vietnam International Commercial Joint Stock Bank VPB Vietnam Prosperity Joint‑Stock Commercial Bank viii INTRODUCTION The banking industry, in any nation, plays as a key role of its economy (Anderibom & Obute, 2017). A healthy banking system will stabilize the general economics reduce inflation and facilitate businesses and development businesses.
Until now, the banking system has improved itself to match with the current economic situation. With the swift development of technology, banks have to create and introduce new products to the market to cope with competitive pressures. Up to January 2020, Vietnam has had 4 stated-owned banks, 31 commercial banks and numerous foreign banks and branches & ATMs system, serving the diverse needs of customers. After the damages caused by the 2008 global economic crisis in Vietnam, many banks revealed their weaknesses and stagnation in operations, which caused difficulties to the State Bank in management and supervision (SBV, 2008).
The goal of developing the stock market with a market capitalization of 70% of GDP by 2020 was only 34% by the end of 2015 while the outstanding balance of the bond market reached 24.6%, against the target of 38%. With the unbalanced development of the financial market, the banking system (more broadly, the system of credit institutions (CIs)) accounted for 96.2% of the total assets of the financial system (NFSC, 2016). Since 2011, in order to successfully implement the goal of economic restructuring, the Government has approved the overall economic restructuring project associated with the transformation of the growth model towards quality improvement, efficiency and competitiveness in the period of 2013-2020 and three important restructuring programs are restructuring public investment, state-owned enterprises and credit institutions. Accordingly, the Prime Minister issued the project No.
254 "Restructuring the system of credit institutions for the period of 2011-2015" and Resolution No. 24 "Restructuring the economy" for the period 2016 - 2020. These projects pointed out that there were 9 weak commercial banks that need to be reconstructed or merged & acquired. Through close monitoring and rectification from the state agencies, the banking system has gradually eliminated the backlog, focused on improving the management efficiency.
Weak banks were directed to 1 merge, consolidate or conduct self-restructuring. Thereby, operational quality and business efficiency are expected to improve. However, the number of researches about this category has been limited, the data was outdated and was not analyze detailed. Literature Review Restructuring has been proved that this process has considerable effects on banks through various approaches.Njangiru (2015) did a research about the effect of M&A in financial performance in Kenya.
The author analyzed to determine how this affect to banks‘ profitability through ROE ratio, Net profit and shareholders‘ value. They collected the data from 14 banks that had M&A before, during the period of 15 years from 2000. After using SPSS to analyze them, the authors can conclusion that M&A increased the banks‘ profitability. They also study further to find out the reasons to enlarge their market shares and raise their efficiency.
However, M&A did not have strong effect on increasing dividends.Obute (2015) made a research in the case of Nigeria. The authors used the CAMEL model to make a clear vision of how M&A worked. Covering a period of 10 years from 2000 to 2010 and using paired t test, they showed the result that M&A did have a positive effect on the banks‘ performance through some important ratios such as CAR, PRL, ROA, PBT and IDR. Finally, they had some recommendations that banks in Nigeria should have more training programs to improve their management.
There are also many other studies in regional countries like Pakistan and India: M.Kemal (2011) studied the case in Royal bank of Scotland in Pakistan. He analyzed their financial statement from 2006 to 2009 with 20 financial ratios from different indicators: Liquidity, Profitability, Solvency, ROI or Market stock. He found that most of the post-merge ratios were under, which meant M&A failed this case. 2 Another research in Pakistan, T.Shehzad (2014) used 6 ratios to test the effect of M&A to banks: ROA, ROE, D/E ratio, Deposit to equity ratio, PAT, EPS.
He selected 10 banks and covered a period of 6 years each bank, 3 pre-merge and 3 post-merge to make averages. After using paired-t-test on SPSS, he led to a conclusion that only ROE was affected and the others had no impact.al (2010) did a research on how M&A worked in Indian banks through a 2-stage analysis. The author calculated the change in position of banks in a period of 8 years then test the collected data. The result showed that there was a correlation between M&A and banks‘ financial performance.
Recently, Alhassan Musah, et.al (2020), covered the data from 6 banks in Ghana that have had M&A over a period of 10 years to measure the affecting level on banks performance through NPM, ROE and ROA ratio. The authors found that M&A has a negative effect on NPM and ROE as the results of some previous studies, which means that this process did not reduce the cost or raise the market shares. Otherwise, the results showed a positive association between M&A and ROE. They also had a conclusion that bigger bank had deal with bigger risk, but they can maximize profit while reduce the post-merge cost and expense.
Going back to Vietnam, there are also a few studies of scholars on this topic: In Vietnam, Vuong Thi Minh Duc (2018) also presented in detail the differences between mergers and acquisitions, as well as M&A of commercial banks. The paper presented a comprehensive overview of Vietnam's finance as well as M&A transactions taking place in the period of 2011-2016. The author also provided M&A experiences in other countries in the world such as US, China of Thailand, thereby giving lessons for Vietnam. Nguyen Hong Son (2012) presented some problems why the Vietnamese banking system need to be reconstructed: (1) Raise the domestic economy after the crisis (2) Ensure the principles to make banks more independent.
But this study did not mention about how it affect the banks‘ financial performance. 3 Pham Tien Dat, et.al (2015), did a research on how banks control their financial activities after M&A. They showed that their performance did not as well as expected. They needed at least 2 years to recover the performance.