THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY NGO NHU DUY RESEARCH ON KOMBUCHA PRODUCTION PROCESS FROM TEA LEAVES (Camellia Sinensis (L) O. kuntze) IN THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE THESIS BECHELOR Study Mode : Full-time Major : Food Technology Faculty : Advanced EducationProgram Office Batch : 2018 - 2022 Thai Nguyen, 2022 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program: Bachelor of Food Science and Technology Student name: Ngo Nhu Duy Student ID: DTN1854190007 Thesis Title: Research on kombucha production process from tea leaves (Camellia Sinensis (L) O.kuntze) in Thai Nguyen province Supervisor(s): MSc. Dinh Thi Kim Hoa Supervisor's Signature: Research on building the fermentation process of Kombucha tea using old tea leaves (Camellia sinensis (L) O.kuntze ) of Thai Nguyen province. Testing of finished Kombucha tea products made from Thai Nguyen old tea leaves is Trial production and quality monitoring.
This product will meet the requirements of TCVN in Vietnam for Kombucha Beverages In this study, (Camellia sinensis (L) O.kuntze ) was collected from tea-producing households in Thai Nguyen province. Tea leaves were extracted in purified water at 100℃ for 15 minutes and the extract after filtering is used to ferment to produce Kombucha. The fermentation process was studied and the most suitable parameters were determined. The results show that the raw material/distilled water ratio is 1/10, the fermentation at pH = 2.5, the initial sugar concentration is 20 ° Brix, the percentage of yeast added is 3% (v/w) with fermentation time is 7 days, and the chemical, physical, organoleptic, and microbiological parameters of the final product meet the requirements of the Vietnamese Standard on fermented beverages.
Keywords: Camellia sinensis (L) O.kuntze, fermented beverage temperature, pH, °Brix, fermentation parameter, SCOBY Number of pages: 60 Date of submission November 11th, 2022 i ACKNOWLEDGMENT At the beginning of my thesis page, This experiment was carried out at the Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry in 2022. Therefore, I would like to say thank you. Sincere thanks to the teachers and lecturers of the Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Technology for creating conditions to complete this research project. In particular, I would like to acknowledge the Supervisor guidance of Mr.
Dinh Thi Kim Hoa, lecturer at the Faculty of Biotechnology - Food Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, who has enthusiastically helped, instructed, and provided me with useful knowledge so that I could complete the thesis graduation. In addition, I would like to express my sincere thanks to my friends and family, who have always been there for me, supported me when I was having difficulties, and supported me through the difficult period when completing my thesis. this bachelor's project. Finally, this thesis is not immune to errors due to a lack of knowledge and practice time.
I look forward to receiving feedback from the committee to improve my thesis graduation. Best regards! Thai Nguyen, October 2022 Student NGO NHU DUY ii TABLE OF CONTENTS DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT .iii LIST OF FIGURES. 1 LIST OF TABLES. 2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .1 Overview about Camellia sinensis (L) O.
Characteristics of Camellia sinensis (L) O. Overview of the chemical compositions of Camellia Sinensis (L) O. 10 The Composition of a Typical Tea Beverage, .2 Caffeine, Methylxanthines, and Related Compounds .3 Overview of biological effects (pharmacology) of Kombucha .5 Good for joints.4 Some kind of products in the current market .2 Kombucha size market .5 Research about Kombucha in the world.6 Research on Kombucha in Vietnam .7 Influence of fermentation in aerobic environment .1 Acetic acid bacteria .2 Lactic acid bacteria .1 Acetic fermentation in food .9 Cell morphology and structure. 34 RESEARCH CONTENT AND METHODOLOGY.
Material and reseach scope .1 The raw material. Workplace and time to proceed. Investigation of tea leaves (Camellia Sinensis (L) O. Experimental design method.
37 Research content 2: Completing the process of producing Kombucha product from tea leaves (Camellia sinensis (L) O. Data statistical analysis methods. 48 iv CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DICUSSION. Result for determining the component of raw materials .2 Research results on the effect of the tea materials on the quality of products50 4.
Research results to select the ratio of old tea leaves/water in the quality of product. Results of the study on the effect of pH on the quality of product. Research results on selection of added sugar ratio for Kombucha fermentation .6 Research results on the effects of yeast ratio on the quality of product. Research results on Kombucha fermentation time.
58 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION. 62 CHAPTER VI REFERENCE. The results on the effects of yeast ratio on the quality of product. The result of effecting fermentation time on the quality of product .7 Appendix ballot for product sensory assessment score.
12 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.11 Figure 2: Molecular structure of catechin .1 : Apple cyder product .2 : Kombucha size market .3: Global Kombucha Market .4: Main metabolic activities of yeasts, acetic acid bacteria, and lactic acid bacteria during a kombucha fermentation.((Laureys et al.1: The processing of produce kobucha beverages from tea leaves .kuntze) according to ( Jayabalan et al.1: determining the component of raw materials .49 1 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.: The composition of a typical tea beverage .2: Some genera and species of yeast found in kombuchas .3: Some genera and species of bacteria found in kombuchas. The importance coefficient of each indicator. Table of regulations to evaluate the level of product quality. Experimental design to study the effect of tea material on the quality of product.
Experimental design to determine the effect of material/ distilled water ratio on the quality of product. Experimental design to determine the effect of pH on the quality of product. Experimental design to study the adding sugar on the quality of product. Experimental design to study the effect of yeast ratio on the fermentation process.
Experimental design to determine the effect of fermentation time on the quality of product .1: the effect of the tea materials on the quality of products. Affecting of material/ distilled water ratio on the sensory quality of product. Research results on the effect of the ratio old tea leaves /water in the quality of product. Affecting of material/ distilled water ratio on the sensory quality of product.
Results of the study on the effect of pH on the quality of product fermentation. Affecting of the effect of pH on the sensory quality of product. Research results on the effect of the percentage of added sugar on the quality of Kombucha tea products. Affecting of the percentage of added sugar on the sensory quality of product.
Efects of yeast ratio on the quality of Kombucha tea products. Affecting of yeast ratio on ratio on the sensory quality of product. The result of fermentation time on the quality of Kombucha tea products. Affecting of fermentation time on the sensory quality of product.
Results of microbiological analysis of Kombucha tea products. Quality analysis results of fermented Kombucha tea products from extracts of old tea leaves .14 Preliminary calculation table of raw material prices for the production process (For 60 liter fermentation batch). 61 3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS GA Glucuronic acid EGCG Epigallocatechingallate AAB Acetic acid bacteria LAB Lactic acid bacteria SCOBY Symbiotic colony of bacteria and yeast PV Pervaporation VE Vaccuum evaporation VD Vacuum distillation DSL D-arabino-1,4-lactone acid F1, F2,F3,F4,F5,F6 Expermental Formula °Bx °Brix TCVN Vietnam standard 4 CHAPTER I.1 Research rationale Kombucha is also known as water ginseng tea, mushroom tea or Manchurian mushroom tea. It is a drink fermented by sugar tea by the symbiosis of yeast and bacteria (SCOBY) “Symbiotic Colony of Bacteria and Yeast”(St-Pierre, n.) When microorganisms are grown in herbal tea, provided with enough nitrogen, vitamins and minerals and other basic nutrients, they grow and convert sugars into lactic acid, gluconic acid, and produce a in small amounts of alcohol, this alcohol is then converted to acetic acid (up to about 3%), giving it a sweet and sour taste similar to that of the fermented apple cider of the tea.
The final tea composition contains an average of 0.5 -1% alcohol, small amounts of lactic acid, malic acid, acetic acid, malonic acid, and oxalic acid. The amount of vitamin B in the finished product is quite high, there is also a small amount of vitamin C. Kombucha fermented tea is a popular and popular beverage in Eastern European countries and other countries, it is known as a real food healthy product. Scientific studies have shown that the consumption of Kombucha is very beneficial for health.
Kombucha is high in glucuronic acid (GA). (Martínez- Leal et al. GA helps detoxify the liver by combining with waste products and toxins from drugs and environmental pollution and converting them into soluble compounds that the body can easily push out. In addition, Kombucha has antioxidant capabilities, so it can fight free radicals that cause digestive disorders.
As a digestive enzyme, kombucha helps increase the amount of beneficial bacteria in the gut, by producing lactic acid. Besides, using Kombucha tea has many other uses such as boosting immunity, good for bones and joints and preventing cancer ). (Martínez-Leal et al. However, at present, the production of Kombucha tea is mainly carried out spontaneously on a small scale in a few households, there is almost no research on the production process to put it into production on a public scale.
And so need research on manufacturing processes to put into production on an industrial scale. In addition, Thai Nguyen is a province with the second largest tea production reserves inViet Nam. The 5 amount of tea leaves and old tea leaves that are discarded accounts for a very large proportion because producers only use young tea buds for dry tea production. This, creating production technology, making use of old tea leaves will be an effective solution, improving the use value of tea plants in Thai Nguyen province.
Based on the discussion above, the research team carried out this topic.1 Overall objective Developing fermentation process to create Kombucha products with delicious flavor from tea leaves, improving the value of tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L) O.kuntze) in Thai Nguyen province.2 Detail objective - Selecting the treatment mode of raw materials to produce Kombucha - Investigating the technological parameters of the fermentation process to produce Kombucha from tea leaves - Completing the Kombucha fermentation process from Thai Nguyen tea leaves on a laboratory scale and evaluating economic efficiency.3 Research question Could fresh leaves of Camellia Sinensis (L) O.Kuntze plants be used to ferment Kombucha beverages? 1.4 Limitation - The quality of yeast strains decreased due to long-term storage during the research period. - Raw materials are harvested off-season, so the quality of raw materials is not as good as expected. 6 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Overview about Camellia sinensis (L) O. Characteristics of Camellia sinensis (L) O.kuntze Thai Nguyen tea leaves Tea tree, scientific name Camellia sinensis (L) O.kuntze, is a plant whose leaves and buds are used for the production of Tea, belonging to the family Theaceae.
Tea Leaves are simple, alternate, with a characteristic aroma; leaf blade hard and thick, oval with rounded tail and rounded or oblong base, 9-11 cm long, 4-5 cm wide, dark green on the upper surface than below, hairy on the underside; shallow serrated margins; Leaf veins are feathery, main veins are prominent, 5-6 pairs of secondary veins are connected near the leaf edge. Petiole short, shallow trough, green, 0.8 cm long, no accompanying leaves.(Đỗ Ngọc Quý- NXB Nông nghiệp, 2008.kuntze is a tree capable of living in tropical and subtropical regions such as Ha Giang, Dien Bien, Lai Chau, Thai Nguyen province. The living plant mainly grows in shrubs or small trees.