University of Economics and Business- Vietnam National Universit Finance and Bankinf Department ---- 0 LU eos ---- THESIS TOPIC: CREDIT RISK MANANGEMENT AT VP BANK SUPERVISOR: Mrs. Tran Thi Van Anh STUDENT: Tran Nguyén Thao Nguyén - 17050755 CLASS: QH 2017-E TCNH CLC MAJOR FINANCE AND BANKING PROGRAM: HONONORORS PROGRAM Hanoi, 2021 ACKNOWLEDMENT A complete study would not be done without any assistance. I would like to express my endless thanks and gratefulness to my supervisor Mrs. Tran Thi Van Anh.
Her kindly support and continuous advices went through the process of completion of my thesis. Her encouragement and comments had significantly enriched and improved my work. Without her motivation and instructions, the thesis would have been impossible to be done effectively. Author Instructor Ms.
Tran Nguyen Thao Nguyen Mrs. Tran Thi Van Anh TABLE OF CONTENTS /V. 4 LIST OF ACRONYMS.cccsscssssscescsssssssscessesssscessessessesscessessesssessessenssessessossees 6 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH, THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS ON CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT AT COMMERCIAL BANKING .- GHI ng ng ng 9 1.1 Overview of research on credit risk management at commercial banks.2 Theoretical basis of for credit risk management at commercial banks .1 Commercial banking and commercial banking qCfIVIH©S.1 Definition of Commer cidl PHIĂK.2 Activities of CommerCiAal B@H.2 Credit risks at Commercidl PHIĂ.1 The concept Of Credit TÍSĂ.2 The cause of credit risk of Commercial DANK .3 Credit management at COIMHN€TCI@Ï ĐAHIĂS.2 Credit risk MANAGEMENT DFOC SG.3 The criteria to evaluate the effectiveness of credit risk management. 30 CHAPTER 2: CURRENT SITUATION OF CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT AT VPBANK.1 General introduction Of VIPBAiK.1 A brief overview of the formation and development of VPBank.2 Organizational structure Of VPBANK .3 Overview of business pemance in the period of 2018 - 2020 of VP Bank37 2.2 Credit risk management situation at VPPBaniK.1 Credit process At VI (T1 ĂK.2 Credit risk situation VP PQHĂ.
<< << s << + SE SE E81 SE s4 45 2. Overall assessment of the effectiveness of credit risk management of VP ToAMIKa os sccsccsssssacsccsscssssssscscsssssussecsssssucssasssssssseasesssessucssnssssassssusenssssssaseosssssessuessoss 48 2.1 Performance results of credit risk management activities of VP Bank FLOM 2018 552/205.2 Limitations in credit risk management Of VP BAHK.3 Causes of limitations in credit risk management of VP Bank .4 VP Bank’s ACÌÍCVIHICTIÍS.9 94 94 E94 99 59 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER. 5< << << 6 8s %9 1E EEEESEsEsteeeee 61 CHAPTER 3: PROPOSING SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT AT VP BANK.1 Development orientation Of VP BanK.«-osses «s5 «ses e9 se s s55 5569 62 3.1 General OFICHÍ(IÍÏOH.2 Credit OFIGTÍ(ÍÏOH.2 Credit risk management orientation at VP Bank .1 Advance the level of human resources of the DanĂ.2 Effective application of Modern technology SÿSÍ€T.3 Building credit risk management system At VP B@HĂ.3 Solutions and proposals to improve credit efficiency at VP Bank.4 Some separate proposals to SBV and the Government .1 Recommendations to the (TOV€THIN€HÍ.2 Recommendations to the State Bank Of VI€ÍHGIH. << << «<< ««£s+ 76 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER Ô.
`" 79 TABLE LIST TABLE CONTENT PAGE Table 1 Overdue debts by term 45 The classification of bow groups, the ratio of Table 2 overdue and bad debts 46 Results of risk management of VP Bank in Table 3 2018-2020 48 The results of comparing bad debts and overdue debts between VP Bank, BIDV, and Table 4 50 TP Bank in 2020. LIST OF ACRONYMS ACRONYMS MEANING NPL Non-performing loan NHNN (SBV) State Bank of Vietnam VND Vietnam Dong CFR Corporate Family Rating INTRODUCTION 1. Abstract: Through economic crises in the country in general and around the world in particular, Vietnam is a country that has made important progress in improving living standards for the people, and achievements in the economy — science - social. One of the main business activities that bring revenues and profits mainly for commercial banks in Vietnam is credit activities.
Credit plays an important role because it does not only bring income to the Bank but also serves the country's obligations. According to the statistical report, income from credit activities accounts for 60% - 70% of the Bank's income. However, along with bringing in a significant source of income, credit activities also carry a lot of credit risks, causing negative effects on the financial situation and the country's economy. Credit risk and credit activity always go hand in hand, it is impossible to completely eliminate credit risk, but only measures to limit or prevent any damage that can be caused by credit risk.
In the present day, especially after the Covid-19 epidemic, the global economic situation is going down. Not only corporate companies, but also banks also face significant problems. The increase in bad debt ratio of the whole Bank has increased, affecting the business operations of the banking system in general and the economic development of the State in particular. Therefore, an urgent requirement is that credit risks must be managed and controlled strictly and effectively, ensuring risks within the permitted limits, reducing losses incurred.
differently from credit risk and thereby increasing business benefits for banks, promoting economic development. Credit risk is not a new topic but with the economic situation nowadays, along with the bad debt of banking systems, it is very urgent to research and properly assess the current situation of credit risk management and propose suitable and feasible solutions for banking systems. Therefore, I chose the topic "Analysis of credit risk management at VP Bank Joint Stock Commercial Bank" as the research topic. Purpose and mission of the study The research purposes of the topic are: e Systematize basis and practical theoretical issues about credit risk management at commercial banks e Research the current status of credit risk and credit risk management at VP Bank e Based on the research results of the topic to find out shortcomings and build an effective credit risk management strategy, from which proposing solutions to complete and improve the efficiency of credit risk management of VP Bank 3.
Research questions: For the research to be completed, the thesis should focus on clarifying the following questions: e What is the status of credit risk management at VPBank? e What are the processes that need to go through to manage credit risk in particular and commercial banks in general? e@ What solutions to improve credit risk management at VPBank? 4. Object and scope of the study The subject of the study: Credit risk management at VP Bank Research scope: e Scope of space: Focusing on researching credit risk management at VP Bank e Scope of time: Data for 3 years from 2018 — 2020 through VP Bank’s annual reports 5. Structure of the thesis: In addition to the references, lists of tables and diagrams, conclusions, the main content of the thesis is divided into 3 chapters: Chapter 1: Overview of research, theoretical and practical basis on credit risk management at commercial banking Chapter 2: Current situation of credit risk management at VP Bank Chapter 3: Proposing solutions to improve the efficiency of credit risk management at VP Bank CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH, THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS ON CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT AT COMMERCIAL BANKING 1.1 Overview of research on credit risk management at commercial banks Credit risk management is one of the most important and practical topic that has been written and researched by many authors. Especially, there are a few prominent studies as follows: (1) To Thien Hien, 2020.
Topic "Solutions to perfecting credit risk management at Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade - An Giang Branch"; a case study on credit risk management in VietinBank. The author outlined the current status of credit risk management in the period 2015-2017, and then proposed some solutions to improve credit risk management improvement, contributing to promoting the business development of commercial banks in particular and Vietnam in general. (2) Mai Thi Phuong Thuy, 2019. Topic "The relationship between liquidity risk and credit risk at commercial banks".
The case study was about the positive relationship between liquidity risk and credit risk in the insolvency of commercial banks in Vietnam. The author gave data from 2007 - 2017 and used the general least squares method to see the existence of a positive relationship between liquidity risk and credit risk, thereby proposing recommendations to minimize liquidity risks and credit risks to improve the solvency of commercial banks in Vietnam today. (3) Do Doan Trang, 2019. Topic "On credit risk management at commercial banks in Vietnam".
The author showed bad debt sheet from banks, from which gave out solutions to improve the efficiency of credit risk management. 10 (4) Nguyen Thi Ngoc Quynh, 2017. Topic "Credit risk management in commercial banks: American experiences and some suggestions for Vietnam", Industry and Trade magazine. The article outlines the credit risk management experiences of commercial banks in the US, from which some suggestions for Vietnam are given.
(5) KPMG Financial Services Director Steve Punch, 2013. “Credit risk management fundamentals”. The author wrote about the principles of credit risk management and gave some of the causes of bad debts in banks. (6) Nguyen Canh Hiep, 2014.
"Credit risk management for development investment of Vietnam Development Bank"The doctoral thesis was shown an overview of the credit risk of Development banks as well as the credit risk management experience of some countries in the world. The author learnt about the status of credit risk management and then comes up with his solutions. (7) The book "Principles in credit risk management", executed by the Basel Bank Supervision Committee which provided quite a complete set of principles to comply with within credit risk management. Also, this was a document that dealed with the ability to manage credit risk through providing credit risk management principles.2 Theoretical basis of for credit risk management at commercial banks 1.1 Commercial banking and commercial banking activities 1.1 Definition of Commercial Bank A commercial bank is an economic organization, doing business based on money and credit.
It does not only provide some services to customers and vice versa but it also accepts deposits from customers in other forms. The development of the system of commercial banks has brought a great impact on the growth of the country's economy. There are also reasonable policies, 11 principles, and directions to create benefits for customers and banks. Therefore, some views on the Bank as follows: “(Commercial banks are often defined as organizations that carry out commercial lending and issue transaction deposits.
They also have a variety of other assets and liabilities and can engage in off-balance sheet operations, including financial guarantees (such as loan commitments) and derivatives. They are unique among financial institutions with significant off-balance sheet activities, although most of them are concentrated in the largest commercial banks. Commercial banks are highly regulated. Bouwman in “Banking Liquidity and Financial Crisis”, 2016) “Commercial banks are seen as the center of the financial intermediary universe because of their role in regulating community payments, and also because commercial banks are used to transmit impulses.
Monetary policy originates from the central bank. Their sheer size and popularity provide another basis for the particular attention of commercial banks.” (Greenbaum, Thakor & Boot in “Contemporary Central Finance” - Fourth edition, 2019) “Commercial banks operate as a classical intermediary by accepting deposits from savers and extending credit to borrowers. Through this intermediary role, commercial banks perform an extremely important economic function. Without a bank acting as an intermediary, savers with residual money would have to identify their investment opportunities and risk their investment directly.
Intermediaries benefit financial markets by reducing transaction costs, dispersing risks, and realizing economies of size and specialization. Financial intermediation is also associated with a high degree of risk. Depositors are placing considerable trust in banks to manage their credit contacts and ensure that depositors of their funds are safe. The 12 possibility of catastrophic failure in the financial markets due to the loss of trust in banking intermediaries is a real risk.
As a result, the banking industry is a major target for government regulation.