6nt HOWTO USETHE Three-Point Reyersal Method of Pof,mt6 Sfock Market Trading BY A. GOHE]I ffi@ffiM' GHARTCRAFT, IJIG. onraruAt rnte ) 0Fp0tXT ilETH0D PUBL'ST]ED AV} & FIOURE TRADITO LARGHM||JIT, JI. FOR SALE & EXCHANGE www.trading-software-collection.com Subscribe for FREE download more stuff.com Contacts andreybbrv@gmail.com andreybbrv@hotmail.com andreybbrv@yandex.ru Skype: andreybbrv ICQ: 70966433 ) ) I I t t, r I It ) I t HOW TO USE THE Three-Point ReversalMethod of I I' Pof,nt{P -(d-(L? Sfock Market Trading BY A.
APPR(IACH I|l ST(ICT ilARI(IIIRIIIIIIG P U B T I S HBEYDC H A R T C R A I iF l CT.I 0 5 3 8 Copydght - 1968,1978,1982,& 19&4by Chartcraft,[nc. nrUtisneaby Chartcraft,Inc., Larchmont,NY Catalogue Libraryof Congress Number:68-54093 EIGHTH REVISED EDITION The material containedherein is not to be taken as advice to buy or sell specific securities. The information presented is based on sources we Ultieveto be reliableand hasbeencarefullycheckedfor completeness and accuracy,but cannot be guaranteed. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Foreword D Introduction 6 Section One - The Poj.nt & Figure Chart and Construction n a The Point & Figure Chart B Charting A Very Low-Priced Stock 11 Chart Construction L2 15 The Double Top & Double Bottom Formation (# 1) 16 The Double Top & Double Bottom Formation (#2) 18 The Bullish Signal Formation 20 The Bearish Signal Formation 22 The Bullish & Bearish Symmetrical TriangLes 24 The Triple Top Formation.
26 The Triple Bottom Formation 2B Formations In Combination 30 Variations On The Triple Top & Triple Bottom Formations. 32 The Broadening Formation 34 The Spread Triple Top & Bottom Formations. 36 Bullish & Bearish Cataputt Formations. 3B The Bearish & Bullish Signal Reversed F'ormations.
40 Section Three - Trend Lines 43 The Bullish Support Line 44 The Bullish Resistance Line 48 The Bearish Resistance Line 50 The Bearish Support Line 53 Section Four - Price Objectives. 55 The Horizontal Count Db The Vertical Count 5B The Horizontal & Vertical Count 60 Section Five - Relative Strength 61 Section Six - Industry Groups. 65 Section Seven - The Dow-Jones Industrial Average 69 Section Eight - Trading Tactics 73 Establishing The Trade 74 Profitability Tables 74 The Pu]lback 75 Profitability Tables 76 Stoploss Orders 77 Taking Profits 78 SectionEight (continued) StocksWith A High Short Interest. E1 SectionTen - Over-The-Counters.
85 SectionEleven - TechnicalIndicators 89 The CumulativeDaily Advance-DeclineLine. 90 The High-Low Index 91 The On-BalanceVolumeIndex 92 The Odd-Iot BalanceIndex 93 The Odd-Lot Short Saleslndex 94 The 10-DayAdvance-DeclineRatio. 95 The 10-DayUpside-DownsideVolume Ratio 96 The 200-DayDJIA Momentum Index 97 The DJIA One-YearToChart. 98 The Index of SpeculativeConfidence 99 The Gold Mining Disparity lndex 100 The Short Interest Ratio.
101 The % of NYSE StocksAbove Their 10-WeekMoving Average ' r02 The lO-WeekMost Active StocksRatio 103 The NYSE Bullish Percentage 104 The DJIA Bullish Percentage. 105 GeneralMotors as a Bellwether Stock. 106 SectionTwelve- Puts and Calls. 113 SectionFourteen- Adjusting a Chart for a StockSplit 125 SectionFifteen - The S-PointReversalChart 126 -4- FORWARD The basicprinciples of "How to Use the Three-PointReversalMethod of Point & Figure StockMarket Trad- ing" were ftrst published in 1947under the trtle "StockMarket Timing.
" When the Chartcraft Weekly Service was started in 1948,the name of the book was changedto "The ChartcraftMethod of Point & Figure Trading." In August 197E,we publishedthe sixth revisededitionof this bookwhich includedrevisedchaptersdealingwith the Dow'JonesIndustrial Average, Over-The-Counter Stocks,and TechnicalIndicators.In March 1980,the Seventheditionwaspublishedcontaininga revisedchapteron OptionTrading. This is the eighth revisededition. It containsrevisedsectionson Price Objective,RelativeStrength,Tech- nical Indicators,Options,and Commodities. Althoughfuture editionsare constantlyin the planning,the basicprinciplesremainthe same.
Specialacknowledgment is made to ProfessorRobertEarl Davisof PurdueUniversity.He was kind enough to let us read his lengthy manuscript, "Proft and hobability-Technical Analysis of the Price Fluctuations of ' CommonStocks,' and haspermittedus to usehis figureson the profit potentialof the varioustrading formations containedin this book. All the formationswere programmedfor an IBM 7094computerand the results were obtainedon the basisof tradingfrom buy signalto sellsignal,and sell signalto buy signal,with trend lines taken into account, A. Cohen July 1982 INTRODUCTION - THE TWO APPROACHES ar companycanbeapproached T h e p r o b l e m o f t h e p u r c h a s e o f s t o c k i n a n y p a r t i c u l"should way is to pose the problem as: I buy the stock of in either of two ways. One "When shall I buy the stock theXyZ Companyi" The other is to pose the problem as: of the XYZ ComPanY?" "Should I?" is taking the fundamental approach The person who asks the question "When shall I?" is to the stock market analysis.
The person who asks the question taking the technical approach to stock market analysis' The fundamental analyst concerns himself with financial statements, history, position quality of management, earnings, dividends, popularity of products, relative in the industry,. The technical analyst concerns himself with suppiy and demand, accumulation and distribution. Practicaliy all stocks have substantial moves at one time or another' "blue chip" as of a "cat and dog. " No stock goes up Fluctuation in price is as true of a in price of its own accord.
Before a stock goes up it goes through a period of accumu- "insiders, rr it is passing from "weak hands" into "strong hands" until demand trtio.r by is greater than supply and the upward move is on its.ore a stock drops in price' "insiders. " It is passing from it goes through " p""ioA of distribution by the same "slrong handi" into "weak hands. " When support is withdrawn, supply overcomes is concerned with demand and the panicky downward move is on. The tecbnical analyst to determine the the right time to Uuy and the right time to sell short.
He attempts situation. He is an moment when either supply or demand has taken control of the "insiders" are doing' ,,outsider" making ,r"" oi various techniques to determine what the a When should a stock be bought? The broad answer to this question is that stocks egeneralmarketisinanuptrend,(2)theindustry group of which it is a member is in an uptrend, and (3) the stock itself is in an uptrend. - the price of a market average, the price of ffptrlnO, as used herein, refers to price cash the industry group index, the price of tne stock. It does not refer to earnings, the fJ.ow, growth, etc.; such factors may answer the question what to buv but never question when to buY' When should a stock be sold short ? The broad answer to this question is that astockslrouIdu.@thegenera]marketisirradowntrend,(2)the (3) the stock itself is industry group of which it is a member is in a downtrend, and in a downtrend.
The trader or investor who does not like the short side of the market should at Ieast be out of stocks in such a situation. Here again, downtrend refers only to.price and nothing else. The tools used by the technical analyst in nraking such determinations are of primarily charts - charts of a particular stock, charts of an industry group, charts a market Average or Index. There are three types of charts: line, bar, and Point and Figure.
This book is devoted to Point and Figure charting and interpretation. It is the oldest form of charting used in the stock market, it is indigenous to and grew out of the stock market, and once n:astered and understood it is also the simplest and clearest method of determining the right tinre to buy and the right tiure to sell. The Point and Figure chart shouts where other charts merely stutter. -6- SECTION ONE THE POINT AND FIGURE CHART AND ITS CONSTRUCTION In Figure # 1, we have a Point and Figure chart "under the aspect of eternity.
" By this, we mean that both vertical and horizontal coordinates are based on price changes. In the usual line or bar chart, the vertical coordinate is based on price and the horizontaL coordinate is based on time (day, week, or monttr). This is not the case in a Point and Figure chart. Chronology has no significance in it.
The only thing it concerns itself with is a stockrs price changes independent of the time in which these changes take place. The chart patterns that this chart develops are independent of the time it takes for their eoming into being, whether it is a matter of days, weeks, months, or years. Their significance for the future remains the same. Although we will include chronological data in the body of the Point and Figure chart, as wiLl be seen in the ensuing pages, this wilL be done merely to establish a frame of reference.
THE POINT AND FIGURE CHART Figure # 2 is a reproduction of a Point and Figure chart of Bucyrus-Erie. Let us examine it closely and learn how it is constructed' Each square ( not line) on the chart represents a unit of price. Under 20, each square stands for |-point or one-half dollar. From 20 to 100, each square stands for 1-point or one dollar.
When the price of a stock is going up, we use Xs to indicate the price changes. When the price of a stock is going down, we use 0s to indicate the price chatrges. Vertical columns of Xs and 0s alternate.roveone colutrln to the right each time there is a change in direction - from up to down or from dorvn to up. Xs and 0s never appear in the same column.tn represents either an upnlove or a downmove, it cannot represent both.
-8- In no vertical column are there ever less than 3 squares of Xs or 3 squares of 0s. Thismeansthatinordertorecordacna@anupmovetoadownmove, or vice versa, there must first be a price change equal to at Ieast 3 squares. Over 20, therefore, a price change of 3 points or three dollars would be necessary for a trend reversal. If the price of a stock has gone up to 50, it must go down to 47 before we car record the 0s in the next vertical column.
Under 20, a reversal of 1-j points or one-and-one-half dollars would be neces- sary. If the price of a stock has gone down to 14, it must go up to 15-| before we can record the Xs in the next vertibd column. At the borderline of ,20t 3 squanes may represent only 2 ot 2'l points, but a reversal occupying 3 squares is drryays necessary. In the same trend, however, each point or |-point is added as the stock continues on lts way up or down.
Over the 20 price square, we have'no fractions at all on our chart. If a stock has gone up from 32 to 39-?/8, the highest X in our column will be in the 39 square. If a stoct< has gone down from 57 to 43-1/B ttre lowest 0 in our column will be in the 44th square (it never made an even 43). Under the 20 price square) the only fractions we have are in |-point units.
If a stock has gone rpi"orn tO-i to L3-7 18, the highest X wilt be in the 13-| square; and if it has gone down from 16 to 13-5/8, the lowest 0 will be in the 14 square (it never made an even 1g-*). Over 100, each square should represent 2 points or two dollars. The 3 squares necessary for a trend reversal will therefore stand for 6 points or six dollars except, of course, at the borderline of 100. It is very important to indicate that a Point and Figure chart is a one-dimen- sional chart.
In the usual stock market chart, whether bar or line, the vertical axis represents price and the horizontal axis records time. In the Point and Figure chart both the vertical and horizontal a:<is record price. The chronological data that it may contain is of no importance either to its construction or interpretation. It is used only as a matter of convenience.