VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES ----------------------------------------------------- NGUYEN NGOC PHUONG SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE ECONOMY IN HALONG CITY Master's thesis Major: Vietnamese studies Ha Noi - 2012 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES ----------------------------------------------------- NGUYEN NGOC PHUONG SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE ECONOMY IN HALONG CITY Master's thesis in Vietnamese studies Code 60.Truong Quang Hai Ha Noi - 2012 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION. Reason selected theme. Research objects, tasks and scopes of thesis. The contribution of the thesis.
The structure of the thesis. 17 Chapter 1: GENERAL THEORY AND RESOURCES FOR MARINE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF HALONG CITY. The general theory of marine economy and sustainable development of marine economy. Specialization and the synthetic development of marine economy.
Sustainable development of marine economy. Factors affecting the development of marine economy in Halong. Development trends of marine economy in the world, objectives and strategic development of marine economy in Vietnam. The process of urbanization and industrialization in Ha Long.
Policies of economic development and marine economy in Halong city. Resources for marine economic development in Ha Long. Overviews on Ha Long city. Potentials of marine fishing and aquaculture.
Natural tourism resources and humanities. Potentials development of marine transport. 40 Chapter 2: STATE OF DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE ECONOMY IN HALONG CITY. State of socio-economic development in Halong city.
44 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. State of development of fisheries sector. Fishery logistic services. Labour in the fisheries sector.
State of coastal and marine tourism development. Current status of marine tourism resources exploitation. Current status of infrastructure, technical facilities and investment in tourism. State of tourists and tourism revenue.
Development status of tourism products. Labour in the tourism sector. Development situation of marine traffic- transport. Traffic routes on the sea.
Mechanics serve marine economy. Situation development of support services for marine economy. Bank and finance services. Maritime services, communication.
Development situation of floating houses on the Halong Bay. The number of floating house and anchorage points. Changes, development trends of floating house. Effects of marine economic activities for natural resources and environment at Halong city.
General assessment on the marine economic development in Halong city based on SWOT analysis. 86 4 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Chapter 3: ORIENTATION AND SOME SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE ECONOMY IN HALONG CITY TO 2020. Orientation for sustainable development of marine economy in Halong city to 2020. Development perspectives and targets.
Full exploitation of the special advantages of the sea area and coastal. Transforming Halong city into a dynamic marine economy center. Development orientation of the fisheries sector. Development orientation of coastal and marine tourism.
Development orientation of marine traffic- transport. Development orientation of port-related industries. Development orientation of services associated with marine economy. Solutions to promoting sustainable development of marine economy in Halong city.
Mechanism and policy solutions. Organization and management solutions. Mobilize funds for development of marine economy. Training and development of human resources.
E-commerce applications in the development of some sectors of marine economy. Implementation of marine economy planning. Promoting inter-regional cooperation. Rational use of natural resources and protection of the marine environment, coastal.
Establishment and implementation of key programs towards environmental resources protection and sustainable development of the seas111 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 117 LIST OF APPENDICES. 124 5 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS DWT Dead Weight Tonnage GDP Gross Domestic Product GRT Gross Register Tonnage GOP Gross Ocean Product PhD Doctor of Philosophy TEU Twenty foot Equivalent Units UNESCO United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization USD United States dollar VND Vietnamese dong 6 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: Rate of urban population in Halong city.1: Changes area and output of other aquatic types in the period 2007 - 2009 .2: The number of boats machine in Halong city to 2011 .3: Synthesis of boats follow craft and capacity group to 2011 .4: Results attract foreign capital on the Halong city .5: The situation of tourists comes to Halong period 2005 - 2010 .6: The structure of international tourists to Ha Long .7: Inland dock system of Halong city .8: Investment feasibility projects of Halong city .1: Development of the number of boats to 2015 and orientation to 2020 .2: Aquaculture development in Halong to 2015 and orientation to 2020. 94 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: The sectors of marine economy.2: Diagram sustainable development of marine economy .1: The structure of economy Halong follow GDP .2: The situation of freshwater aquaculture at Halong city in the period 2001 - 2009 .3: Evolution area and output of mollusks in the period 2001 - 2009 .4: Evolution area and output of fish cages in the period 2001 – 2009 .5: Situation labor fishery at Halong .6: Levels come back to Halong tourist destination of domestic guest .7: Situation of tourism revenue of Halong city in the period 2001 - 2010 64 7 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.
Reason selected theme The sea contains extremely valuable resources for the survival and development of human. While resources of mainland are more and more exhausted, the development of marine economy is considered as one of the national strategic issues in the world. With advantages of 3260 km coastline, along with sea areas of about 1 million km2, Vietnam has been trying to take advantage of all available resources to become one of the competitive nations in marine economy towards environmental protection and sustainable development of coastal areas. In addition, nowadays the South China Sea issue is also becoming a hot issue in the Asia Pacific region.
The advantages from the sea is main cause of all tensionsbetween countries in this region. In Vietnam, the sea area covers have more than 4000 islands in large and small sizes are distributed mainly in the Northeast sea and Southwest. The islands are well-known for beautiful landscape and have important strategic position such as: Bach Long Vi island, Phu Quoc island Tho Chu island, Con Son island, Con Co island, Phu Quy island, Cat Ba island, and island systems in the Spratly islands.In particular, the sea area and coastal of Vietnam are located on the vital maritime trade route between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, between Europe and the Middle East to China, Japan and other countries in the region. This is both an opportunity and a challenge for Vietnam regarding socio-economic development and national security.
Because marine economic development must be associated with the protection of national territory. So, striving to become a “sea powers” does not only makes sense in economic terms, but also help Vietnam affirm sovereignty of the national territory. In Northern Vietnam, Ha Long is one of the coastal cities dynamic in economic development. The city is located in the coastal corridor of the Gulf of Tonkin, which is a critical point in the growth triangle Hanoi - Hai Phong - Quang Ninh.
In recent years, Halong plays an important role in socio-development of the region. With comparative advantages of deep water port development, tourism, marine services, minerals, together with a convenient transportation system, Halong 8 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com has many favorable conditions towards comprehensive development of the marine economy. However, the sector’s growth rate is not quite compensurate with the potentials, posing urgent needs for specific orientations in sustainable development. Aware of the importance of the seas in economic development, I conducted the research on the following theme: “Sustainable development of marine economy in Halong city”.
The study provides a panoramic view on the marine economy in Halong, particularly, the advantages, difficulties, problems, while offers suggestions on directions and solutions to sustainable development of Halong’s marine economy. It could also be the foundation for more in-depth research on the North Sea economy of Vietnam. The relevant foreign research Across world, exploitation of marine resources has existed for a long time. However, the marine economic development has just attracted special attentions in the twenty-first century.
There are a number of foreign studies on the maritime economy translated into Vietnamese such as: “Ocean exploitation” (1983) by Michael Bequery, “Managing fishing capacity” (2004) by Dr. Dominique Greboval, “A handbook for measuring the progress and outcomes of integrated coastal and ocean management” (2006 ) published by the international organization UNESCO. These studies have diverse approaches on the sea, the ocean, marine resources, issues of management, exploitation, use and conservation of marine resources. In particular, the book “A handbook for measuring the progress and outcomes of integrated coastal and ocean management” has approach to an integrated management that can be applied to coastal zone, the exclusive economic zone and the ecosystem sea.
In addition, a number of economic studies on national sea also bring valuable experience for marine economic development of Vietnam. For instance, the social impacts on the marine economic development and solutions to resource management in “Social impacts of marine reserves in New Zealand” (2003) by Nick Taylor and Brigid Buckenham; innovation in the business marketing model to 9 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com stimulus sustainability of the marine economy in Australian and future changes in policies by the author Laura Eadie and Caroline Hoisington in “Stocking up: Securing our marine economy” (2011); solutions to preserving and developing “the blue marine economy” in China in the study “Keeping the marine economy Blue - Blue economy development in the pilot coastal areas of China” (2011) - Third Institute of Oceanography – China. In general, these works focus on various aspects of the maritime economy as: marine resources, fishing techniques, the most effective ways of management towards sustainable development of the marine economy in the future. The research mentioned above offer the basic criteria for the author in orientation of this thesis.
Domestic research on the marine economy of Halong city Halong is a city that thrives on tourism and marine transportation. Especially in the field of marine tourism gathers many documents. However, there is little research on synthesis Halong city's maritime economy, which mainly research articles, the journal of the marine economy: fisheries, marine transportation, tourism, or an introduction to scenic Ha Long Bay, environmental protection, natural resources Halong. - Aquaculture and Halong biological resources: The research “Seafood in Halong bay” (2008) by Nguyen Hoai Nam, Hoang Thi Ngoc Ha, Tran Xuan written introduction full of seafood in the bay area.
Authors Nguyen Ngoc Lan solve the problem of labor by gender for fisheries in Hung Thang - Halong city in research: “The role of gender in the production and control of resources of fishing communities in Quang Ninh province (in case of Hung Thang commune - Halong City and Quan Lan commune of Van Don district)” - Journal of Southeast Asian studies, No. The works written about Halong biological resources are exploited thoroughly to include: The “Biodiversity Halong bay and vicinity” (2005) by Nguyen Khac Huong; “Coral in Halong bay: conservation and development of the coral reef ecosystem” (2008) - Nguyen Dang Ngai; “Mangroves Ha Long Bay and surrounding areas: Conservation and development of mangrove ecosystems” (2008) 10 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com by the authors of Phan Hong Dung, Do Thanh Van, Hoang Thi Ngoc Ha; especially in the “Proceedings of the scientific - practical conference: the value of diversity represents a world natural heritage Halong Bay” (2007) full set of articles in the workshop on diversified value the world's natural heritage Ha Long Bay on issues of conservation and promotion of cultural values.