MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY LÊ YẾN NHI THE ATTITUDINAL RESOURCES IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE NEWS ON THE SOCIAL VIOLENCE Field: English Linguistics Code: 8 22 02 01 Supervisor: Assoc. Trần Văn Phƣớc e BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN LÊ YẾN NHI NGUỒN NGÔN NGỮ ĐÁNH GIÁ THÁI ĐỘ TRONG NHỮNG BẢN TIN TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT VỀ VẤN ĐỀ BẠO LỰC XÃ HỘI Chuyên ngành: Ngôn ngữ Anh Mã số: 8 22 02 01 Ngƣời hƣớng dẫn: PGS. Trần Văn Phƣớc e I STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I certify that I am the sole author of this master thesis. I have not used any sources with exception of those listed in the bibliography and identified as references.
I further confirm that I have not submitted this thesis at any other institution so as to obtain a degree. Quy Nhon, 2020 Le Yen Nhi e II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to sincerely thank for the cooperation and support of the Department of Postgraduate Training and the Department of Foreign Languages of QNU. I gratefully acknowledge my greatest thanks to my supervisor, Assoc. Tran Van Phuoc, who has given me helpful advice and patient guidance.
Without his enthusiastic support, this thesis would not have been completed. I am also grateful for the lecturers who have provided me with important knowledge and foundation for this master thesis. I would like to say thanks to all the members in my family for their help and encouragement. Last but not least, I would like to thank my mother for her continual encouragement and her generous devotion so that I could invest a lot of time in my study.
e III ABSTRACT This thesis is a comparative study on evaluative language in English and Vietnamese news on the social violence based on the framework of Appraisal Theory developed by Martin and White. The main purposes of this study are to find out how linguistic features expressing Affect is used in journalistic discourses about social violence and what the similarities and dissimilarities between two languages are. The collection of 12 articles (06 English articles and 06 Vietnamese ones) randomly chosen from online press is analyzed through the adoption of quantitatively and qualitatively descriptive and contrastive methods. The results of this thesis have revealed that English journalists have used different ways to express a typical sub-type of Attitude in Appraisal Theory, namely Affect and they also preferred to negatively but explicitly express Affect through verbal groups.
Hopefully, the findings of this study may contribute to the field research in journalism and will be useful knowledge for those who are interested in relating topics. e IV TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP. III TABLE OF CONTENTS. VII LIST OF TABLES .VIII LIST OF FIGURES.
Aims and objectives of the study. Aims of the study. Objectives of the study. Scope of the study.
Significance of the study. Organization of the study. 3 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW. Linguistic features of Affect.
Lexico-grammatical features. Overview of Social Violence. Definition of Social Violence. Forms of Social Violence.
18 e V CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. Data collection and coding procedure. 21 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS. Linguistic features of Affect in English news on social violence (ENOSV).
Semantic features in ENOSV. Discourse features in ENOSV. Positive and Negative Affect resources. Explicitness and Implicitness.
Lexico-grammatical features in ENOSV. Linguistic features of Affect in Vietnamese news on social violence (VNOSV). Semantic features in VNOSV. Discourse features in VNOSV.
Positive and Negative Affect resources. Explicitness and Implicitness. Lexico-grammatical features in VNOSV. Similarities and differences in linguistic features expressing Affect in ENOSV versus VNOSV.
Lexico-grammatical features. 49 e VI CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION. Limitations and Suggestions for Further Study. V APPENDIX A – LINKS OF THE VIETNAMESE NEWS.
v APPENDIX B – LINKS OF THE ENGLISH NEWS. vi APPENDIX C – SAMPLE ENGLISH NEWSPAPER ANALYSIS. vii APPENDIX D – SAMPLE VIETNAMESE NEWSPAPER ANALYSIS. xii e VII ABBREVIATIONS (-) : Negative (+) : Positive AT : Appraisal Theory Adj : Adjective Adv : Adverb E : English ENOSV : English news on social violence EVNs : English and Vietnamese news Ex : Explicit Im : Implicit N : Noun NG : Nominal group Grp : Group PG : Prepositional group V : Vietnamese Ve : Verb VNOSV : Vietnamese news on social violence VG : Verbal group Wd : Word class e VIII LIST OF TABLES Table Page Title number Number Grammatical realizations of Affect (Martin & White, 2.
46) The system of Affect (Marti & White, 2005, pp.1 List of English electronic newspapers 19 3.2 List of Vietnamese electronic newspapers 19 4.1 Four sub-types of Affect in ENOSV 22 4.2 Positive and Negative Affect resources in ENOSV 25 4.3 Explicitness and Implicitness in ENOSV 27 Three factors of Lexico-grammatical features in 4.4 29 ENOSV The distribution of each word class as Lexico- 4.5 30 grammatical features expressing Affect in ENOSV The distribution of each word group as Lexico- 4.6 32 grammatical features expressing Affect in ENOSV 4.7 Four sub-types of Affect in VNOSV 34 4.8 Positive and Negative Affect resources in VNOSV 36 4.9 Explicitness and Implicitness in VNOSV 38 Three factors of Lexico-grammatical features in 4.10 40 VNOSV The distribution of each word class as Lexico- 4.11 41 grammatical features expressing Affect in VNOSV e IX The distribution of each group as Lexico-grammatical 4.12 43 features expressing Affect in VNOSV The Distribution of the Linguistic Features Expressing 4.13 45 Affect in English Newspapers and Vietnamese ones e X LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Title number Number An overview of Appraisal resources (Martin & White, 2. 38) The first stage modifications to the Affect system (Ngo 2. 12 – based on Martin & White, 8 2005) 4.1 Positive and Negative Affect resources in ENOSV 25 4.2 Explicitness and Implicitness in ENOSV 27 4.3 Three factors of Lexico-grammatical features in ENOSV 29 4.4 Positive and Negative Affectual resources in VNOSV 36 4.5 Explicitness and Implicitness in VNOSV 38 4.6 Three factors of Lexico-grammatical features in VNOSV 40 e 1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale Social violence is a considerable problem in the world due to a devastating impact on victims‟ physical, social and emotional development.
Therefore, an increased frequency and level of violent crime has been regularly reported by mass media. Being one of the most useful sources of information, newspapers play an important role in providing, reflecting and evaluating social violence cases. According to accurate and detailed information about social violence cases, viewers have understood the brutality and the tragedy of these incidents more fully. Besides, the authors of these articles write about the emotions that victims‟ families have experienced so that everyone feels more about their hurt feelings and joins hand to oppose to social violence.
The pattern of usage in which evaluative language is as one of the vital tools is widely used by the journalists for their articles. There have been many studies on language of evaluation in the newspapers, focusing on various topics such as football commentaries, homosexulity, education, entertainment. The similarities and differences of evaluative language in different languages have been attracted the interest of many linguistics when they studied on these subjects. However, to my best knowledge, there have been few studies carrying out about social violence and most of them mainly discovered different aspects such as phonological, syntactic, semantic or pragmatic features.
From the previous reasons, I find it vital to conduct a study with the title “The Attitudinal Resources in English and Vietnamese news on the Social Violence” in order to investigate the linguistic features of attitudinal e 2 resources used in social violence in news from the perspective of Appraisal Theory (AT). I hope that findings from this thesis will find the similarities and dissimilarities in expressions of evaluative language. Aims and objectives of the study 1. Aims of the study This paper is performed with the aim to examine the linguistic resources used to realize Affect in news about social violence in English and Vietnamese in the light of AT.
Besides, the similarities and differences in these features between two languages are also clarified in this research. Objectives of the study The study focused on the following objectives: - To examine discourse features expressing Affect in English and Vietnamese news on the social violence; - To realize semantic features expressing Affect in English and Vietnamese news on the social violence; - To identify lexico-grammatical features expressing Affect in English and Vietnamese news on the social violence; - To compare linguistic features used to realize Affect in news about social violence in English and Vietnamese to clarify similarities and differences in terms of semantic features, discourse features and lexico- grammatical features between English and Vietnamese news on the social violence. Research questions To achieve the aims and objectives of the study, the research questions are: 1. What discourse features expressing Affect are represented in English e 3 and Vietnamese news on the social violence? 2.
What semantic features are used in English and Vietnamese news on the social violence? 3. What lexico-grammatical features expressing Affect are represented in English and Vietnamese news on the social violence? 4. What are similarities and differences in linguistic features used to realize Affect in news about social violence in English and Vietnamese? 1. Scope of the study The paper mainly focuses on a typical sub-type of Attitude in Appraisal Theory, namely Affect, under detailed consideration of linguistic features including semantic, pragmatic and grammatical features in English and Vietnamese news on the social violence, so phonetic features do not fall within the scope of this paper.
Significance of the study By conducting the study, it is expected to make both theoretical and practical contributions. Theoretically, the results of the paper will contribute to insight of linguistics studies, basically evaluative language. Practically, the findings of the study will answer the question of how to achieve the effectiveness in reporting news, particularly social violence news by using evaluative language means. Organization of the study This study consists of five chapters as follows: Chapter 1, Introduction, includes the rationale, the aims and objectives, the scope of the study, the research questions, and the structure of the study.
Chapter 2, Literature review, briefly reviews the literature of previous studies relating to the research topic and presents an overview of news on the social e 4 violence, Appraisal Theory and linguistic features of evaluative language. Chapter 3, Research Methodology, deals with the research designs, description of samples, the procedure of data collection and data analysis in the study. Chapter 4, Findings and Discussions, focus on describing, analyzing frequency, semantic features, discourse features and lexico-grammatical features of Affect in English and Vietnamese news on the social violence and pointing out the similarities and dissimilarities in linguistic features expressing Affect between two languages. Chapter 5, Conclusion, summarizes the major findings, draws the conclusions implications, points out the limitations and puts forward some suggestions for further studies.
e 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter presents the description of the previous studies and the basic theoretical background of the research. Appraisal Theory The Appraisal framework was firstly developed and introduced by Martin and White and their colleagues in the 1990s and derived from Halliday‟s theory of SFG. It is defined as “an approach to exploring, describing and explaining the way language is used to evaluate, to adopt stances, to construct textual personas and to manage interpersonal positioning and relationships” according to White (2015b, p. Martin and White (2005, p.
34) state that Appraisal, along with involvement and negotiation, constitutes “three major discourse semantic resources” explaining interpersonal meaning. According to Martin and Rose (2007, p.