UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: PANEL DATA ANALYSIS OF 22 DEVELOPING COUNTRIES BY TRẦN THỊ THU THỦY MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY, October 2014 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: PANEL DATA ANALYSIS OF 22 DEVELOPING COUNTRIES A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS BY TRAN THI THU THUY Academic supervisor Dr. NGUYỄN MINH ĐỨC HO CHI MINH CITY, October 2014 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com i CERTIFICATION I hereby confirm that this thesis, namely “the Relationship between Financial Development and Economic Growth: a panel data analysis of 22 Developing countries” is my own work. The work has not, in whole or part, been presented elsewhere for assessment. Where material has been used from other sources it has been properly acknowledged and referenced.
If this statement is untrue I understand that I will have committed an assessment offence. I have read the Regulations of Vietnam – Netherlands Programme for M.A In Development Economics and I am aware of the potential consequences of any breach of them. Signature: Name: Trần Thị Thu Thủy Date: Ho Chi Minh City, October 2014 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Nguyen Minh Duc, the academic supervisor, for his very carefully reading and editing of my thesis.
His valuable comments and suggestions help me to improve the quality of this thesis throughout my thesis stage. Thank to his valuable lectures, guidance and encouragement, I can fully complete this thesis. I also would like to extend my thanks to Dr. Truong Dang Thuy, other professors, tutors and course co-instructors of Economics University who, through their valuable lectures, tutorials and advices, help me during the courses and my study process.
Finally, many special thanks and gratefulness are given to my family, my classmates of MDE course 18 and to a number of individuals for their encouragement in many ways that strongly support me during my thesis stage. TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com iii CONTENTS Certifications…………………………………………………………………………………. ii Contents……………………………………………………………………………………… iii List of tables…………………………………………………………………………………. iv List of figures.
vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.2 Research objectives and research questions .5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .1 Theoretical concepts related to economic growth and financial development.2 Financial development and economic growth: theoretical literatures .3 Literature review and empirical studies .1 Theoretical framework on the relationship between economic growth and financial development .2 Empirical studies on financial development and economic growth relationship .1 Conceptual framework for the study. 33 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.2 Research models and econometric methodology .1 Determinants measuring financial development .2 Determinants measuring economic growth. 50 CHAPTER 4: ESTIMATION RESULT ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION .1 Brief information on the dataset .2 Regression results and discussion .1 Impact of economic growth on financial development .2 Impact of financial development on economic growth. 59 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION .2 Policy implications for Vietnam.1 An overview of the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Vietnam .2 Policy implications for Vietnam .3 Limitations and future research .2 Suggestion for future research.
76 APPENDIX Appendix A……………………………………………………………………………… 78 Appendix B……………………………………………………………………………….………95 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com iv LIST OF TABLES: Table 1: Summary of empirical studies………………………………………………….27 Table 2: Expected signs of variables…………………………………………………………. 34 Table 3: Variable Description……………………………………………………………….37 Table 4: Summary of Variables………………………………………………………………49 Table 5: Descriptive statistics and correlations for selected variables………………………. 53 Table 6: GMM estimation of Economic Growth and Financial Development………….……56 Table 7: Regression Results of Economic Growth and Financial Development…………….61 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: The relationship between financial development and economic growth…………………………………………………………………. 32 Figure 2: Diagram of the main results……………………………………………………….66 Figure 3: Gross domestic savings in Vietnam and in Asean countries…………………………………………………………….
68 Figure 4: Annual GDP per capita in Vietnam and in Asean countries…………………………………………………………….70 Figure 5: Gross domestic saving rates in Vietnam and in Asean countries………………….71 Figure 6: Annual growth of domestic credits in Vietnam……………………………………. 72 and in Asean countries Figure 7: Annual growth of Broad Money supply in Vietnam………………………………. 73 and Asean countries TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com vi ABSTRACT: In recent years, many researchers have taken into account the causal connection between financial development and economic growth due to the important role of financial development in the process of achieving the higher economic growth. To investigate the causal relationship between financial development and economic growth in twenty two developing countries in different regions from 1990 to 2011, we apply both Generalized method of moment with instrumental variable approach and Ordinary least square technique to examine how determinants of financial development impact on economic growth and how the determinants of economic growth contribute to develop finance system.
We find that there is a two-way positive impact between financial development and economic growth in selected developing countries. We also find that the variable components such as the ratio of broad money to GDP, the ratio of credit offered by bank to private sector to GDP, the ratio of gross domestic savings to GDP and the ratio of domestic credit to the private sector to GDP play an important role in explaining financial development. Furthermore, foreign direct investment, general government consumption and trade openness are important factors in accounting for growth rate of GDP per capita. We find out that the EXPORT is significantly negative impact on economic growth.
This result is consistent with the argument that export specialization in developing countries may not benefit the economic growth. Finally, taking the advantage of positive relationship between financial and economic development in developing countries, it is suggested that Vietnam needs to strengthen its financial system in the context of the integration into the world economy. Vietnam should provide the right incentives to promote the financial sector that will enable it to have high economic growth. Keywords: Financial development, growth, causal relationship TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research problem In recent years, the causal relationship between financial development and economic growth has been attracting a lot of attentions in the economic literatures.
It is believed that financial development plays a significant role in the process of economic growth (Feng Lu & Yao, 2009; Fung, 2009; Fase & Abma, 2003; Ang & McKibbin, 2007; Calderón & Liu, 2003). The financial development enhances economic growth through capital allocation efficiency. The capital allocation efficiency can be enhanced by performing the functions of financial intermediaries, including the improvement of risk management and the reduction of asymmetric information, as well as encouragement of saving and investment. This leads to the result in the improvement in total factor productivity.
Therefore, a well-functioning financial system may foster economic growth (Hao, 2006; Odhiambo, 2004; Ghirmay, 2004). There are numerous empirical studies providing supportive evidences on positive linkage between financial development and economic growth (Fung, 2009; Anwar & Nguyen, 2011; Ang, 2009; Jalil & Feridun, 2011; Habibullah & Eng, 2006; Chen Hao, 2006; Khalifa Al-Yousif, 2002). For instance, the causal relationship between financial development and economic growth has been investigated by using Vector Auto Regression (VAR) approach for analyzing panel data of 109 industrial and developing countries for a period of 1960-1994 in the study of Calderón and Liu (2003). The authors found that financial development positively affects economic growth and economic growth positively affects financial development.
The authors also admitted that the financial development impacts on economic growth through channels of a rapid capital accumulation and productivity growth. They further concluded that the impact of financial development on economic growth should be well recognized in providing the appropriate and meaningful implications for policy makers, which will Page 1 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com enable them to obtain a higher economic growth and development (Calderón and Liu, 2003). Habibullah and Eng (2006) investigated the causal relationship between financial development and economic growth in 13 Asian less developed countries with observations from 1990 to 1998. The authors concluded that financial development enhances economic growth.
They also agreed that a developed financial system will create more financial instruments. These instruments improve the capital accumulation in term of mobilizing savings, improving investment efficiency and increasing the total factor productivity (Habibullah & Eng, 2006). Furthermore, by employing Granger causality test within the error correction model, Al-Yousif (2002) investigated the financial development and economic growth relationship in thirty developing countries. The author found that the unhealthy system of finance negatively impacts on growth in real GDP.
The negative impact is due to inefficient allocation of savings and investment during the 1980s (Al-Yousif, 2002). This means that there is a same direction movement on the relationship between financial development and economic growth. However, the causal relationship between financial development and economic growth is still unclear in some findings from previous studies. This causal relationship becomes a highly debatable issue in the literatures.
(Fung, 2009; Calderón & Liu, 2003; Levine et al., 2000; Chen Hao, 2006; Hassan et., 2011; Khalifa Al-Yousif, 2002). For example, in the study of financial development and economic growth, Hassan et., (2011) investigated the connection between the financial depth and economic growth from different imcome groups of countries. The selected countries include countries with low income, countries with middle income, and countries with upper - middle and high income. The period is observed from 1980 to 2007.
The findings indicate that the financial development weakly facilitates short term economic growth in developing regions (Hassan et. Page 2 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Therefore, this thesis aims at re-examining the causal finance and growth relationship by employing econometric techniques, which measure of financial depth and economic growth. The econometric techniques are widely used in many empirical literatures. A new dataset is used in attempting to provide further evidence on the causal impact of financial development on economic growth.
The sample countries are twenty two developing countries. These countries are selected in different regions. The observation period is from 1990 to 2011. The sample developing countries includes Malaysia, China, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Egypt, Jordan, Pakistan, Tunisia, Bulgaria, Bolivia, Chile, Mexico, Benin, Cameroon, Thailand, Philippines, Peru, Brazil, Paraguay, Vietnam, Singapore.
The dataset is collected from data sources of the World Development Indicators (WDI) from World Bank database. The selection of twenty two developing countries over period 1990-2011 has several reasons: - The first is the fact that the financial development has a significant impact on the economic growth in the developed countries. Meanwhile, the impact of financial development on the economic growth is weak in developing countries (Khalifa Al- Yousif, 2002; Masten et al., 2008; Calderón and Liu, 2003; Habibullah and Eng, 2006; Fase and Abma, 2003). Therefore, this research focus on investigating the causal relationship between financial development and economic growth in the developing countries.
- The second is that the choice of sampled developing countries has an advantage in providing policy implications (Hassan et al. - The third reason is that annual panel data set of twenty two developing countries over period 1990-2011 allows us not only to focus on examining the two way impacts of finance-growth relationship in long run, but also to have enough observations to effectively run econometric analysis for purpose in line with the objective of this research. Page 3 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Finally, this research aims at providing a thorough look at the causality of financial development on economic growth and vice versa. In this research thesis, we formulate a growth equation with components of financial development, which is widely used in many empirical literatures.