Nghiên cứu về lợi ích của giáo dục tại Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long - Tác giả: Trần Nam Quốc, Trường ...

Luận văn thạc sĩ nghiên cứu về giáo dục tại đồng bằng sông Cửu Long, Việt Nam, phân tích các yếu tố ảnh hưởng và giải pháp cải thiện.

Chuyên ngành

Development Economics

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Thesis

2009

114
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

35 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

CERTIFICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT

CONTENTS

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Introduction

1.2. Research objectives

1.3. Research hypotheses

1.4. Research Methodology

1.5. Data

1.6. Thesis Structure

2. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Economics of education

2.2. Human capital theory

2.3. Education and economic development

2.4. Theoretical methods and conceptual models

2.4.1. Cost Benefit Analysis methods

2.4.2. The Short-cut method

2.4.3. The Reverse Cost-Benefit method

2.4.4. The Earning function methods

2.5. Other conceptual models

2.6. Empirical approaches with determinants of rate of return to education

2.6.1. Schooling year and education level

2.6.2. Private and public sector

2.6.3. Rural and urban area

2.6.4. Agricultural and Non-Agricultural sector

3. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1. Identification bias ability of missing an innate variable

3.2. Data set and variable measurement

3.3. Steps to estimate parameters in regression models

4. CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH CONTEXT: THE MEKONG DELTA OVERVIEW

4.1. Education and Earning in Mekong Delta

4.1.1. Enrolment in general education

4.1.2. The important role of primary

4.1.3. Vocational and tertiary education

4.1.4. Regional and Sector

4.1.5. Human resource development of the region

4.1.6. Distribution of education attainment as a policy tools

5. CHAPTER 5: EDUCATION AND RETURNS TO EDUCATION IN THE MEKONG DELTA

5.1. Education - human capital and earnings of workers in the Mekong Delta

5.1.1. Education and human capital

5.1.2. Educational level structure

5.1.3. Labor structure classified by sectors

5.1.4. Schooling year classified by gender and region characteristics

5.1.5. Schooling year classified by sectors

5.2. Earnings of workers

5.2.1. Per capita income classified by gender and regions

5.2.2. Per capital income classified by sectors

5.2.3. Per capita income classified by education levels

5.3. Examine the effect of parental education on RTS of workers

5.4. Estimation of RTS in 2004 and 2006, Model 1

5.5. Estimation of RTS in 2004 and 2006 associated with Sub-group variables, Model 1

5.6. Estimation of RORE within each education level in 2004 and 2006, Model 2

5.7. Calculation RORE within each education level for sub-group variables in 2006, Model 2

6. CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND POLICY IMPLICATION

LIMITATION OF THE RESEARCH

SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL THE UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS STUDY HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THENETHERLANDS THE VIETNAM-NETHERLANDS PROJECT FOR MA PROGRAM IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS RETURNS TO EDUCATION A CASE STUDY IN THE MEKONG DELTA - VIETNAM By TRAN NAM QUOC IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER 0F ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS SUPERVISOR: Prof. NGUYEN TRONG HOAI HO CHI MINH CITY, DECEMBER 2009 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com RETURNS TO EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY IN THE MEKONG DELTA- VIETNAM By TRAN NAM QUOC SUPERVISOR: Prof. NGUYEN TRONG HOAI HO CHI MINH CITY, DECEMBER 2009 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CERTIFICATION I certify that the substance of this study has not already been submitted for any degree and is not being currently submitted for any other degree. I certify that to the best of my knowledge, any help receiving in preparing this thesis, and all sources used, have been acknowledged in this thesis. Ho Chi Minh City, December 2009 TRAN NAM QUOC TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The thesis, titled "Returns to Education: A case study in the Mekong Delta- Vietnam", is a fulfilled research of Vietnam Netherlands Program (VNP). This thesis is the quantitative analysis mainly based on data from the VHLSS 2004 and VHLSS 2006 which surveyed by General Statistical Office (GSO). In order to have an accomplishment of this research, the author had received a lot of precious supports from professors and office staffs ofVNP. Firstly, the author would like to express special thanks to Prof. Nguyen Trong Hoai, the author's supervisor, who advised many scientific instructions in during process to conduct the thesis. Particularly, thanks to these worthy instructions and kindly help from Professor, the author completed the research and released scientifically convincible results. I would like to thank Prof. Karel Jansen, for worthy comments on Thesis Research Design (TRD) formation of this thesis. I would like to express sincere thanks to Dr. Nguyen Huu Dung who has provided valuable comments for completion of this thesis. I would like to thank sincerely Mr. Truong Thanh Vu, the visiting lecturer of VNP, for valuable comments and instructions in filtering the appropriate data set. I am indebted to all teachers and staffs of the Vietnam - Netherlands Program at University of Economics HCM. Finally, I am indebted to my family and others who gtve me great encouragement and support for my study. 11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to examine the return to education in Mekong Delta. The author has applied descriptive statistics, econometric model to examine return to education classified by return to schooling (RTS) and rate of return to education (RORE) within each different level of education. The return to education is also investigated separately for each of controlling variables in sub-groups. The data sources are selected from VHLSS 2004 and VHLSS 2006 ofGSO. This study found out meaningful findings. Firstly, on average, RTS is increased overtime. Thus, it increased from 3.46 percent in 2004 to 4. RTS is higher for female than for male and higher for persons living in urban than those living in rural, at 7. It is also higher for individuals working in service sector and industry-construction compared to whose working in agriculture-forestry sector. Secondly, RORE at high - school level is highest, at 11.49 percent" in 2004 and 11. In addition, RORE of workers working in public sector is higher compared to private sector at all below education levels; however, RORE of individuals with university and working in private sector is 14.19 percent, higher than those in public sector (8. Finally, in particular, RORE of workers with university and working in industry- construction sector obtained highest rate, at 24. This study also argued mainly significant policy implications. Firstly, the policies attracting high educated labor force to work in rural areas are worth to be considered. Secondly, the process of rural urbanization should be strengthened more quickly to develop private sector and create more employment in rural areas. Thirdly, high school, college and university education should be prioritized and more improved to increase more high-skilled labor force serving for economic development strategy in this region. Favorable conditions and subsidies to make more opportunities for women increasing enrollment should be more considered. Finally, advocacy programs should be strengthened for all organizations, families and individuals to change their perceptions and share roles and responsibilities for education and human development. 111 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CONTENTS Certification . iii Content table . iv List of Tables . viii List of Figures . ix List of Abbreviations . 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .1 Economics of education .2 Human capital theory .3 Education and economic development . Theoretical methods and conceptual models .1 Cost Benefit Analysis methods .2 The Short-cut method . 13 IV TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.3 The Reverse Cost- Benefit method .4 The Earning function methods .3 Other conceptual models . Empirical approaches with determinants of rate of return to education .1 Schooling year and education level .5 Private and public sector .6 Rural and urban area .7 Agricultural and Non- Agricultural sector . 30 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY . 31 v TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.3 Identification bias ability of missing an innate variable .4 Data set and variable measurement.5 Steps to estimate parameters in regression models . 39 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH CONTEXT: THE MEKONG DELTA OVERVIEW .3 Education and Earning in Mekong Delta .1 Enrolment in general education .2 The important role of primary .3 Vocational and tertiary education .4 Regional and Sector .5 Human resource development of the region .6 Distribution of education attainment as a policy tools . 46 CHAPTER 5: EDUCATION AND RETURNS TO EDUCATION IN THE MEKONG DELTA .1 Education - human capital and earnings of workers in the Mekong Delta .1 Education and human capital .1 Educational level structure .2 Labor structure classified by sectors .3 Schooling year classified by gender and region characteristics .4 Schooling year classified by sectors .2 Earnings of workers .1 Per capita income classified by gender and regions . 51 Vl TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.2 Per capital income classified by sectors .3 Per capita income classified by education levels .1 Examine the effect of parental education on RTS of workers .2 Estimation ofRTS in 2004 and 2006, Modell .3 Estimation ofRTS in 2004 and 2006 associated with Sub-group variables, Modell .4 Estimation ofRORE within each education level in 2004 and 2006, Model2 .5 Calculation RORE within each education level for sub- group variables in 2006, Model 2 . 61 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND POLICY IMPLICATION . 66 LIMITATION OF THE RESEARCH . 67 SUGGESSION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH . 67 REFERENCES APPENDICES Vll TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Return to education in the world .1: Definitions and notations of model variables .1: Gini coefficients in the Mekong Delta····································'·················· 46 Table 5.1: Mean of schooling year classified by gender and region characteristics .2: Mean of schooling year classified by sectors .3: RTS for workers having parental education (2006) .4: Estimation results of Modell .5: RTS associated with Sub-group variables, Modell .6: Estimation results ofModel2 .7: RORE for each education level .8: Estimation results for sub- group variables, Model2 .9: RORE within each education level. 60 vm TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Human capital: conceptual schema of an individual .2: Intellectual capital: conceptual schema of a company .3: Research schema of earnings functions and growth models from the human capital point of view .4: Stylized Age-Earnings Profile .1: The geographic of the Mekong Delta.1: The structure of education level in the MKD in 2004 and 2006 .2: The labor structure classified by sectors .3: Means of per capita income classified by gender and regions .4: Means of per capital income classified by sectors .5: Means of per capita income classified by education levels . 53 lX TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AUSAID : Australia Aid Program GSO : General Statistical Office MDEC : Mekong Delta Economic Cooperation MKD : Mekong Delta IV :Instrument Variable OJT : On-the-Job Training OLS : Ordinary Least Square PPA : Participatory Poverty Assessment RORE : Rate of return to Education RTE : Return to Education RTS :Return to Schooling UNDP :United Nations Development Program VHLSS :VietNam Household Living Standards Survey VND : Vietnam Dong 2SLS : Two- Stage Least Square X TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Nowadays, the developing of knowledge - economic as well as emerging technologically - centered economic system calls for the acquisition and mastery of new knowledge, or for the upgrading of skills. Therefore, the need for human capital development and accumulation is a priority condition for modem economic growth. Human capital, which is normally known as the skills and knowledge intensity of the labor force in an economy, is essentially acquired through schooling and training. According to Olaniyan and Okemakinde (2008), the improvement in education has been a significant explanatory variable for East Asian economic growth. In fact, East Asian countries are not abundant and rich in physical capital as well as natural resources. However, they have gained great achievement in economic growth due to appropriate policies, particularly, the rational investment strategy for education to develop human capital. On the national view, that education increases productivity and income of workers is a good argument to persuade the governments investing more in education. Moreover, education investment by public and private are driven by the rate of return considered as the benefit of education in the labor market. The nature of labor market may be understood by investigating return to education in association with gender, by region at a time, and its changes overtime. This will help to develop the strategies and policies for investment education more appropriately (Duraisamy, 2000). It is becoming clearly to policy makers that education is a key factor in the poverty reduction. Schooling is integral to this approach as it enhances the adaptability and efficiency of workers. The return to education plays a crucial role in determination of educational attainment, participation and ultigmtely on earning received by workers in the labor market. It also influences the regionally human resource allocation (Sackey, 2008; Psacharopolous and Patrinos, 2002). Therefore, studying on returns to education is crucial to guide macro-policy decisions relating to the organization and financing of education reforms. 1 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com For the case of Vietnam, the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam 1992, the Education Law 1998, the Political Report at IXth Congress of the Vietnam Communist Party 2001 and the socio-economic strategic plan for 2001 - 20 10 have identified guiding view-points for the educational development that "Education is the foremost national policy". Vietnamese Communist Party stated that "In 21st century, the revolution of science and technology will continue to be developed, changing the society from era of industry to the era of information and knowledge based economy, at the same time affecting all fields of human activities, changing rapidly the physical and spirituals life of society. The distance between scientific-technological inventions and their applications in practice is gradually reduced. The knowledge treasure of mankind is becoming diversified, abundant and increasing by geometric progression" Furthermore, rapid progress of science, technology as well as dynamic development of economies in quickly integration and globalization have been creating opportunities that may help to reduce the gaps among countries. Science and technology are becoming the main driving force for socio-economic development. In this context, education is the foundation of science-technology development and human capital development to satisfy the requirements of a modem society. It plays the key role in enhancing national awareness for the capability and responsibilities of the present as well as future generations.

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