VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES *********************** NINH THỊ KIM NGÂN A STUDY OF VOCABULARY TEACHING TECHNIQUES USED BY GRADE 5 TEACHERS OF ENGLISH AT A PRIMARY SCHOOL IN PHU THO (Nghiên cứu các thủ thuật dạy từ vựng được sử dụng bởi các giáo viên Tiếng Anh lớp 5 tại một trường tiểu học ở Phú Thọ) M. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 60140111 HANOI – 2017 z VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES *********************** NINH THỊ KIM NGÂN A STUDY OF VOCABULARY TEACHING TECHNIQUES USED BY GRADE 5 TEACHERS OF ENGLISH AT A PRIMARY SCHOOL IN PHU THO (Nghiên cứu các thủ thuật dạy từ vựng được sử dụng bởi các giáo viên Tiếng Anh lớp 5 tại một trường tiểu học ở Phú Thọ) M. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 60140111 Supervisor: Dr. Nguyễn Thị Mai Hương HANOI – 2017 z STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I hereby declare that I am the author of this thesis.
It is the product of my own effort. I further declare that I have not submitted this thesis at any other institution for a degree or other qualifications. Hanoi, September 2017 Ninh Th Kim Ng n i z ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to people who have helped and supported me in doing this research. First of all, I would like to express my sincerest thanks to Dr.
Nguyen Thi Mai Huong, my supervisor for her valuable guidance and constructive suggestions during the development of this research. Thanks to her critical feedbacks and enthusiastic encouragement during the research process could I complete my study. I also wish to acknowledge my gratitude to all the teachers from Department of Post Graduate Studies, University of Languages and International Studies for teaching knowledge and skills to me during the years of studying at the university so that I could fulfill this research. Finally, I would like to thank my family and my friends for their support and encouragement throughout my study.
ii z ABSTRACT Nowadays, teaching vocabulary techniques are given special attention by scholars and linguists in the field of teaching English to young learners. However, the understanding of vocabulary teaching methods for young learners in Vietnam does not seem to be adequate. The research “A study of vocabulary teaching techniques used by grade 5 teachers of English at a primary school in Phu Tho” was conducted in this context. This study aims to investigate grade 5 English teachers’ perceptions of teaching vocabulary and the techniques they use in their classrooms.
The researcher conducted a qualitative case study, which consisted of two main instruments: interview and classroom observation. Four teachers of English participated in the research. The findings suggest that although these teachers are aware of the importance of vocabulary in teaching English to young learners, their understanding about the teaching methods needs to be revisited. iii z TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP.
Error! Bookmark not defined. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS. iv LIST OF TABLES. vi PART A: INTRODUCTION.
Rationale of the study. Aims and objectives of the study. Scope of the study. Method of the study.
Structure of the study .5 CHAPTER 1:LITERATURE REVIEW. An overview of vocabulary. Definitions of vocabulary. Classification of vocabulary.
The importance of vocabulary in teaching and learning English. Aspects of teaching vocabulary. Vocabulary teaching techniques. Stages of teaching vocabulary.
Vocabulary teaching techniques. Definitions of young learners. Characteristics of young learners. Vocabulary development in young learners’ foreign language learning 16 1.
How to teach vocabulary to young learners. Data collection and data analysis procedures .23 CHAPTER 3: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION. Findings from interview data and discussion. The teachers’ perceptions of vocabulary teaching to young learners.
Teachers’ self-report of their vocabulary teaching techniques. Using of realia, games, songs, chants and body language. Findings from classroom observations and discussion. Summary of main findings.
Limitations of the study. Suggestions for further studies. II INTERVIEW SCHEDULE .III CLASSROOM OBSERVATION SCHEDULE. IV SAMPLE OF INTERVIEW.
VI SAMPLE OF LESSON OBSERVATION. VI v z LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Aspects of teaching vocabulary. Background of participants.
22 vi z PART A INTRODUCTION This research was conducted to understand the teachers’ perceptions of vocabulary teaching to young learners and investigate the vocabulary teaching techniques used by grade 5 teachers of English in the classroom. Six sections: rationale, aims and objectives, research questions, scope, method and structure of the study were presented in this part. Rationale of the study In the tendency of integration of the global economic, English has become the global language means for multinational and multicultural communication. It plays an important role in the fields of economic, culture, education, science and technology.
In Vietnam, English is known as a key language tool to success in science technology and promote cooperation between Vietnam and other countries. It is undeniable that the importance of English has been increased day by day in Vietnam. Especially, it has occupied a significant place in Vietnamese education. It has become a compulsory in all levels of education from primary level to bachelor’s level.
Language is made up of vocabulary items and grammatical rules. A language cannot exist in the world without vocabulary. Wilkins, a famous linguist expresses the importance of vocabulary that “Without grammar, very little can be conveyed. Without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed”.
Vocabulary is one of the knowledge areas in acquiring a language. Vocabulary knowledge plays a significant role for young learners in learning a foreign language. Building up a big vocabulary is necessary for primary level in learning English. Linse (2005) states that “Young learners’ vocabulary development is an important aspect of their language development.
Vocabulary has a central role to help student fluent in language skills”. Therefore, teaching a language cannot be separated from teaching vocabulary. In recent years, vocabulary has been considered as a center stage in teaching English. Vocabulary teaching techniques have become the main focus of linguists 1 z and methodologies.
However, teaching vocabulary is one of the most difficulties aspects in the process of teaching a language. Many teachers in primary schools still keep traditional teaching techniques and use similar activities day by day when teaching vocabulary. Moreover, young learners have a short concentration span. They are easy to feel bored when they have to do one same activity day by day.
Therefore, effective teaching techniques on vocabulary are important to motivate students, help them learn English better and have successful lessons. All the above- mentioned reasons motivated the researcher to conduct the research “A study of vocabulary teaching techniques used by grade 5 teachers of English at a primary school in Phu Tho”. Aims and objectives of the study The main aim of the study is to investigate the vocabulary teaching techniques adopted by English teachers of grade 5 at a primary in Phu Tho province. It is also intended to look at their perceptions of vocabulary teaching practices.
The objectives of the study therefore are: To understand the teachers’ perceptions of vocabulary teaching to young learners. To investigate the vocabulary teaching techniques used by grade 5 teachers of English in the classroom. Research questions In order to achieve the above objectives, I conducted a qualitative case study which attempts to answer the following questions: 1. What are the teachers’ perceptions of vocabulary teaching to young learners? 2.
What are the vocabulary teaching techniques used by grade 5 teachers of English in the classroom? 4. Scope of the study This study aims to investigate the teachers’ perceptions of vocabulary teaching and the vocabulary teaching techniques used in the classroom at one particular primary school. Participants of the study include four grade 5 teachers of 2 z English. The researcher wished to explore the current practices of teaching English vocabulary at that school and find out areas where vocabulary teaching can be improved.
This study can be a significant contribution to English vocabulary teaching in the researched primary school and make it more effective and enjoyable. Method of the study The researcher conducted a qualitative case study which comprised two main instruments: interview and classroom observation. Four grade 5 teachers of English were selected to be the participants for the study. Data were collected through interviews and classroom observations to analyze.
First, the researcher interviewed English teachers to understand teachers’ perceptions of vocabulary teaching to young learners and reported vocabulary teaching techniques which they use in the classroom. After that, classroom observations were conducted to explore actual vocabulary teaching techniques which are used by teachers. Structure of the study My thesis consists of three main parts: Part A is the Introduction including rationale, aims and objectives, research questions, research method, scope and structure of the study. Part B is the Development which includes three chapters: Chapter 1 is the Literature Review, which presents theoretical issues relevant to the study such as vocabulary (definitions, classification and the importance of vocabulary, aspects of teaching vocabulary), young learners (definitions, characteristics and vocabulary development of young learners, how to teach vocabulary for young learner), vocabulary teaching techniques.
Chapter 2 is the methodology. In this chapter, research design, research context, research participants, research instruments and research collection and analysis procedures of the study are discussed. 3 z Chapter 3 is the findings and discussion. In this chapter, analysis of the data which was collected from 2 main instruments and discussions on the study is presented.
Part C is the Conclusion. This part summarizes the main findings, presents the implications, limitations of the study and recommends some suggestions for further study. 4 z PART B DEVELOPMENT “If language structures make up the skeleton of language, then it is vocabulary that provides the vital organs and the flesh” (Harmer 1993-153). It is undeniable that vocabulary is an important part of a language.
It holds a significant role in language acquisition. Historically, vocabulary did not have a certain place in teaching and learning English. In recent years, it has received an increased attention of researchers and linguists. More attention is given to vocabulary teaching techniques.
A variety of different techniques is necessary to have successful and effective vocabulary lessons. CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter reviews the literature on vocabulary, young learners and vocabulary teaching techniques to help the readers have a better understanding of them. It begins with definitions, classification, the importance and aspects of vocabulary, followed by the definitions, characteristics, vocabulary development of young learners as well as the way to teach vocabulary to young learners. Then, vocabulary teaching techniques is presented.
An overview of vocabulary 1. Definitions of vocabulary There are many different definitions of vocabulary which are defined in various ways by scholars and linguists. Nation (2000:5) defines that vocabulary is a list of the different kinds of knowledge that a person must master in order to know a word: the meaning of word, the written form of the word, the spoken form of the word, the grammatical behavior of the word, the collocations of the word, the association of the word and the frequent of the word. In terms of semantics, Richard et al (1985, p.307) consider vocabulary as” “a set of lexemes, including single words, compound words and idioms”.
According to 5 z Hatch and Brown (1995:1), vocabulary is a list or set of words for a particular language or a set or list of words that individual speakers of language might use. Hornby (1995) defines vocabulary as ''the total number of words in a language; vocabulary is a list of words with their meanings”. Burns (1972) states vocabulary as" the stock of words which is used by a person, class or profession”. According to Ur (1960), vocabulary is the words which we teach in the foreign language.