Communication Skills for Tourism Semester II Dr.P Subject Code: 18MTT24C Assistant Professor UNIT - II ORAL COMMUNICATION INTRODUCTION TO ORAL COMMUNICATION: ❖ The word communication is derived from a Latin word meaning “to share”. ❖ Communication can be defined as “purposefully and actively exchanging information between two or more people to convey or receive the intended meanings through a shared of signs and (symbols)” ❖ Oral communication is communication by speaking rather than in some other way. ❖ Learn more about the types and benefits of oral communication, and find out how you can improve your own oral communication abilities. ADVANTAGES There is high level of understanding and transparency in oral communication as it is interpersonal.
There is no element of rigidity in oral communication. There is flexibility for allowing changes in the decisions previously taken. The feedback is spontaneous in case of oral communication. Thus, decisions can be made quickly without any delay.
Oral communication is not only time saving, but it also saves upon money and efforts. Oral communication is best in case of problem resolution. Oral communication is an essential for teamwork and group energy. DISADVANTAGES: Relying only on oral communication may not be sufficient as business communication is formal and very organized.
Oral communication is less authentic than written communication as they are informal and not as organized as written communication. Oral communication is time-saving as far as daily interactions are concerned, but in case of meetings, long speeches consume lot of time and are unproductive at times. Oral communications are not easy to maintain and thus they are unsteady. There may be misunderstandings as the information is not complete and may lack essentials.
It requires attentiveness and great receptivity on part of the receivers/audience. ESSENTIAL S OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION Clear pronunciation Brevity Precision Conviction Logical sequence Appropriate word choice Avoid hackneyed phrases & clichés Natural voice Finding the right register TYPES OF ORAL COMMUNICATION Face to face Video conferencing Telephone Active-passive communication Interviews Group discussion Presentations Grapevine PARALINGUISTIC FEATURES INTRODUCTION Component of non verbal communication. Includes intentional and unintentional non verbal messages. It may be – complementary, unconscious and learned.
They are the aspects of spoken communication that do not involve words. Study of the non verbal cues and signals of the voice. COMPONENTS OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION Kinesics Paralinguist Proxemics ic Non-verbal communicatio n Chronemic Oculesics s Haptics CUES OF PARALINGUISTICS: Volume of voice Speed of voice Intonation Tone Pronunciation Articulation Pause Punctuation marks FEATURES OF PARALINGUISTICS: Body language Gestures Facial expressions Tone and Pitch of voice Are all examples of paralinguistic features. Paralinguistic features of language are extremely important as they can change message completely.
DEFINITION Proxemics is the study of space and how we use it, how it makes us feel more or less comfortable, and how we arrange objects and ourselves in relation to space. Core Concepts and Assumptions 1. There are four types of distances people keep: intimate (0 to 18 inches), personal (18 inches to 4 feet), social (4 to 10 feet), and public (over 10 feet). The distances outlined are those deliberately chosen by individuals.
Forced closeness doesn’t factor in proxemics. Proxemics behaviour is learned mostly from observing others rather than from explicit instruction, which is why personal distance and physical contact varies by culture. The physical distance between communicators indicates the type of relationship they have. Body angles, touch and eye contact further reveal the familiarity between people.
Americans generally prefer 18 inches of personal space. Types of Territories There are four main kinds of territories in proxemics: 1. Body Territory – refers to the personal space, or “bubble,” that one maintains around their person. Primary Territory – one’s home, vehicle or other living space.
Secondary Territory – a structured place where entry is reserved for particular individuals and certain norms are expected, such as a school, office or church. Public Territory – an open space where anyone can come and go, such as a park or shopping mall. HAPTICS DEFINITION Haptic communication is a branch of nonverbal communication that refers to the ways in which people and animals communicate and interact via the sense of touch. Touch is the most sophisticated and intimate of the five senses.
Application ➢ Touch communication is an effective and intimate way to handle and nurture the children. Anything communicated through touch would be more effective compared with other forms of communication as touch involves physical attachment. ➢ Haptic communication is applied with physically challenged students, where they learn through touch. ReplyForward ➢ Haptic communication widely used in the field of AI (Artificial Intelligence and Robotics sensor system), This system supports the medical haptic methods in surgical and other applications.
In the Entertainment industry, the emergence of haptic methods and the haptic sensor provides adequate support for computing and gaming. Importance of Haptics 1.Touch gives us a sense of presence 2. Sensory experience helps us explore the world 3. Haptic feedback makes action possible 4.
Touch is essential to emotional connection and wellbeing 5. Your sense of touch is astonishingly acute 6.Hand brushing wheat in a field is the next big thing Group Discussion What is Group Discussion? "Group" is a collection of individuals who have regular contact and frequent interaction and who work together to achieve a common set of goals. "Discussion" is the process whereby two or more people exchange information or ideas in a face-to-face situation to achieve a goal. The goal, or end product, maybe increased knowledge, agreement leading to action, disagreement leading to competition or resolution or perhaps only a clearing of the air or a continuation of the status-quo.
★ group of candidates ★ having a common desire ★ given a topic or situation ★ given few minutes to think ★ then asked to discuss What are the types of Group Discussion? Types of GD Topic Based Case Based Factual Topic Controversial Topic Abstract Topic Types of Group Discussions Factual topics are about practical things, which an ordinary person is aware of in his day-to-day life. Typically these are about socio-economic topics. These can be current, i. they may have been in the news lately, or could be unbound by time.
A factual topic for discussion gives a candidate a chance to prove that he is aware of and sensitive to his environment. The education policy of India, Tourism in India, State of the aged in the nation. Abstract topics are about intangible things. These topics are not given often for discussion, but their possibility cannot be ruled out.
These topics test your lateral thinking and creativity. A is an alphabet, Twinkle twinkle little star, The number 10 Controversial topics are the ones that are argumentative in nature. They are meant to generate controversy. In GDs where these topics are given for discussion, the noise level is usually high, there may be tempers flying.
The idea behind giving a topic like this is to see how much maturity the candidate is displaying by keeping his temper in check, by rationally and logically arguing his point of view without getting personal and emotional. Reservations should be removed, Women make better managers Another variation is the use of a case instead of a topic. The case study tries to simulate a real-life situation. Information about the situation will be given to you and you would be asked as a group to resolve the situation.
In the case study there are no incorrect answers or perfect solutions. The objective in the case study is to get you to think about the situation from various angles. IIM A, IIM Indore and IIT SOM Mumbai have a case-based discussion rather than topic- based discussion in their selection procedures. Why Group Discussion? ❖ It helps you to understand a subject more deeply.
❖ It improves your ability to think critically. ❖ It helps in solving a particular problem. ❖ It helps the group to make a particular decision. ❖ It gives you the chance to hear other students' ideas.
❖ It improves your listening skills. ❖ It increases your confidence in speaking. ❖ It can change your attitudes. Processes in Group Discussion Prepare Present Group Discussion involves two Process Skills you require while you Prepare! Reading: This is the first and the most crucial step in preparation.
This is a never ending process and the more you read, the better you are in your thoughts. While you may read anything to everything, you must ensure that you are in good touch with current affairs, the debates and hot topics of discussion and also with the latest in the IT and ITES industry. Mocks: Create an informal GD group and meet regularly to discuss and exchange feedback. This is the best way to prepare.
This would give you a good idea about your thoughts and how well can you convince. Remember, it is important that you are able to express your thoughts well. The better you perform in these mocks the better would be you chances to perform on the final day. Leadership Skills - Ability to take leadership roles and be able to lead, inspire and carry the team along to help them achieve the group's objectives.
Communication Skills - Candidates will be assessed in terms of clarity of thought, expression and aptness of language. One key aspect is listening. It indicates a willingness to accommodate others views. Interpersonal Skills - People skills are an important aspect of any job.
They are reflected in the ability to interact with other members of the group in a brief situation. Emotional maturity and balance promotes good interpersonal relationships. The person has to be more people centric and less self-centred. Persuasive Skills - The ability to analyze and persuade others to see the problem from multiple perspectives.
General Skill Set required. ➢ Clarity of thought ➢ Group working skills (especially during a group task of case study discussion) ➢ Conflict handling ➢ Listening and probing skills ➢ Knowledge about the subject and individual point of view ➢ Ability to create a consensus ➢ Openness and flexibility towards new ideas ➢ Data based approach to decision making Discussion Etiquettes: Do’s ➢ Speak pleasantly and politely to the group. ➢ Respect the contribution of every speaker. ➢ Remember that a discussion is not an argument.
Learn to disagree politely. ➢ Think about your contribution before you speak. How best can you answer the question/ contribute to the topic? ➢ Try to stick to the discussion topic. Don't introduce irrelevant information.
➢ Be aware of your body language when you are speaking. ➢ Agree with and acknowledge what you find interesting. Don’ts ➢ Lose your temper. A discussion is not an argument.
Use a moderate tone and medium pitch. ➢ Use too many gestures when you speak. Gestures like finger pointing and table thumping can appear aggressive. ➢ Dominate the discussion.
Confident speakers should allow quieter students a chance to contribute. ➢ Draw too much on personal experience or anecdote. Although some tutors encourage students to reflect on their own experience, remember not to generalize too much. Wait for a speaker to finish what they are saying before you speak.
Participation in Meetings & interviews Participating in Meetings A Meeting is when Two or More people together to discuss one or more topics often in a formal or business setting Meeting also occur in a variety of other environments Meeting may occur face to face or virtually as mediated by communication technology such as a telephone conference call skyped call or a video conference There are some basics expectations in meetings A clearly defined purpose to your meeting Ask questions such as why are we meeting?