UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ole) FACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS THESIS THE SLOWDOWN IN ASIA’S INTERATIONL TRADE AND ITS CAUSES TEACHER: NGUYEN THI KIM ANH STUDENT: TRINH DINH THUONG CLASS: QH 2014E- KTQT- CLC Table of Contents LIST OF TA BÌL EES. 5-5 5< 5< 00000000 0609006 4 LIST OF EFIGURLES.d- << << <9 9 9 9 0 009009809800000809006 5 LIST OF ABBRIEVIA TIONS.cscccasecccecseccessessascesceacessscceccescecceastescessscceossssecssscessessecsesseaseossocenses 7 Ze Literature reViEw sssssvrescrserssrsserssersensssrssessvscsnvsonsvsssnssssonnsensssnssssesnssonsesessoseuseenses 7 3. Subject of the study and SCOJD€.sssscccssssessssssesssessasssscsssssssessssssssssseasssssasssssssssssssssssessssssess 11 CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BASIC ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE. Definition of International Trade .- 5< s< 5< ssses se sessessessessee 12 1.
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Implications for ASia. 45 REFERENCES sscossssssscssssssosssssesssssossesenssossssssssessossnssossasssssnssosssssessossnssossssonssnssessesss 46 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Exporting and importing for the goods in Asian economies (US Dollar) Table 2.2 Exporting and importing for the services in Asian economies (US Dollar) Table 2.4 Commercial services by world and region Table 2.5 List of products exported by Asia Table 2.6 List of exporters for the selected service Table 3.1 Select individual Asian Economies export component (% of total exports) Table 3.2 GDP growth, shocks, and cost of natural disasters- Asia LIST OF FIGURES Firgue 2.1 | Merchandise Trade and GDP growth in Asia and World Firgue 2.2 | Export and Import volume growth in Asia Firgue 2.3 | Total trade by commodity groups in Asia Firgue 2.4 | Intraregional trade shares of Asia, EU and North America Firgue 2.5 | Trade value growth in Asia by partner Firgue 3.1 | Number of signed FTAs of Asia (cumulative since 1975) Firgue 3.2 | Number of trade remedy measures affecting Asia Firgue 3. | Number of SPS Measures Firgue 3.4 | Number of TBT Measures Firgue 3.5 | Components of gross exports Firgue 3.6 | GDP growth, shocks, and cost of natural disasters- Asia Firgue 3.7 | Global policy uncertainty, January 2014 - February 2017 LIST OF ABBREVIA TIONS Letter Meaning of the letter ADB Asia Development Bank WTO World Trade Organization GDP Gross Domestic Product IMF International Monetary Fund WB World Bank MNCs Multinational corporation EU European Union NAFTA The North American Free Trade Agreement VER Voluntary export restraint GVC Global value chain DVA Domestic value added FVA Foreign value added PDC Purely double-counted terms RDV Returned domestic value added TBT Technical barriers to trade SPS Sanitary and phytosanitary NTB Non tariff barriers INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale Over the past recent years, the world economy has many fluctuations.
The United States’s new president Donald Trump and his decision to make U.S withdraw from TPP, along with other policies, have significant impacts on many countries. The United Kingdom left the EU (Brexit) and the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has strongly developed, .All of these events have impacted a lot to the world’ economy as long as its international trade. In this context, the trade activities of countries and regions that have a great influence on the world’s are always concerned. Asia a big economy in the world after a decade of maintaining a high and stable growth rate.
According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Asia is the fastest growing region in the world in the past two decades, with an average economic growth of 4. Howevers, Asia now has shown signs of slowdown in both economic growth and international trade growth. Recently, international trade in Asia as well as in the world has tended to slowdown. there are a number of positive effects of international trade such as increase in the level of global output; creating greater opportunities for firms to tap into more and larger markets around the world, leading to access to capital flows, technology, human capital; allowing businesses become part of international production networks and supply chains.
ADB (2016) indicated that both export and import growth has slowed in Asia since 2011. The annual growth in export value and import value between 2012- 2016 in Asia are -4% (Trademap, 2019). Therefore, recognizing the trend as well as finding out its cause is necessary to realize the current trend of international trade in order to come up with appropriate implications. Based on the above reason, I conducted thesis: “ “The slowdown in Asia’s international Trade and its causes” 2.
Literature review Current status of international trade slowdown 7 Gita Gopinath ( 2019 ) indicates the trend of slowdown again in the world economy in recent years. Pointing out the weakness in growth is driven by a sharp deterioration in manufacturing activity and global trade. The research has given some forecasts and some recommendations to help improve the world's growth rate in 2020. Cristina, Aaditya, Michele (2015), showed that after the recovery from the global crisis, trade growth has so far been sluggish, trade growth in recent years has been weak in advanced economies, particularly in the Eurozone, and moderate in emerging markets and developing economies.
The paper indicates that the causes are changes in the pace of income convergence across countries and the associate impact on trade patterns and growth, changes in the composition of world trade, changes in the trade regime, including the rise of protectionism and changes in the pattern of vertical specialization. Lewis and Monarch (2016) point out many reasons of the slowdown in international trade such as a deceleration in the speed of trade openness, the slowing of supply chain fragmentation, structural changes in Chinese trade, as well as cyclical factors, such as the weakness in the trade-oriented components of aggregate demand. Petersen (2016) refers five causes of the slowdown: decreasing demand for goods in Europe and China, the growing importance of services, rising wages in the newly industrializing countries, increasing protectionism and increasing digitalization. Christophe Bellmann, Trineesh Biswas and Marie Chamay ( 2010) point out the influence of the world economic and financial crisis affecting world trade.
Take a look at the slowdown in trade activities of some major countries such as China, India, Brazil,. These researches only point out the trade slowdown in the world and some countries but do not mention Asia. Impacts of trade slowdown to economies Valentina Romei ( 2019), highlighted the situation of trade slowdown in the Europeans as long as the world’s.Exports and imports declined across all major EU economies, with falls of 3.6 per cent and 1.7 per cent respectively in France, and of 0.4 per cent and 1.8 per cent in Germany. In Italy trade dropped for the sixth straight quarter: 8 exports decreased 1.2 per cent and imports slipped 1 per cent.
The research pointed out the negative effects of trade slowdown on the world economies, especially the G20 countries. However, the study did not show out the causes of the slowdown in world trade as well as go into detail the other areas except for Europe, especially Asia. Sumedh Deorukhkar & Le Xia (2016) gauge the impact of China’s transition on emerging economies in Asia amid on-going issues surrounding China’s growth slowdown, the Yuan depreciation and financial market volatility. They find that Taiwan and Korea to be most vulnerable to a contraction in Chinese imports while Philippines, Indonesia and India are least affected.
The studies only highlight the trade slowdown in a major Asian country - China as well as the negative impacts of that trend on some neighboring countries. It does not point out trade slowdown picture in Asia as well as the causes and impacts of this trend. Factors affect international trade Jan Hanousek, and Evzen Koéenda (2013) analyze howa set of traditional as well as new determinants affect trade among European countries over the period 1992-2008. The factors encompass variables from the areas of geography, culture, institutions, infrastructure, and trade direction.
Steve Suranovic (2010), Point out six main factors that affect international trade. The first factor is inflation, national income, government policies, subsidies for exporters, restrictions on imports and exchange rates. The cause of the slowdown in international trade Fabian Mendez Ramos ( 2016 ), reviews recent patterns in global trade, examines the factors affecting trade-distinguishing between transitory and structural components of the slowdown-and discusses policies shaping the path of future trade, including the rise of protectionism and the relevance of multilateral and bilateral trade agreements. In general the research does not indicate the causes of trade slowdown.
Logan Lewis and Ryan Monarch ( 2015), analyzes the striking slowdown in world trade in recent years, assess its causes, including to what extent it reflects recent cyclical weakness in global growth versus underlying long-term structural shifts in the world economy. What its causes are has important implications for whether or not the trade slowdown should generates additional concerns in and of itself, beyond general concerns about the future trajectory of world economic growth. The research has pointed out the slowdown in world trade and its causes,but it doesn’t mention as long as analyze the trade slowdown in Asia. In general, previous researches have only analyzed the trade in global perspective.
However, most researches do not analyze in detail the Asia's international trade growth picture, so that the reader still cannot totally understand about what is called “slowdown” of Asia's international trade. That’s why it is necessary to do this research. This topic will be further analyzed in terms of Asian trade, from this point out the causes of the trade slowdown in this region. Research objective General objective: Identify and recognize the changing trends in international trade in Asia as well as find out the causes of the slowdown in Asia’s trade.
Specific objectives: - Find out how the slowdown in trade is happening in Asia. - Find out the changing trend in Asia's Trade by commodity group. - Find out the changing trend in Asia's Trade by partner. - Find out the causes of the slowdown in Asia’s Trade.
- Make policy implications in this context to identify and mitigate the negative impact of this phenomenon. Subject of the study and Scope Subject of the study: Asia's international trade and factors affecting Asia's international trade Scope of the study: + Time scope: The Asian economies within 2008- 2019 to see the specific change in periods before Financial Crisis and after Financial Crisis (The economy as well as the world trade were severely affected after the 2008 economic crisis. This is an important milestone in the economic and international trade development of Asia and the world as well. Therefore, the research scope of the topic focuses on the period from 2008 to 2019) + Space scope: The Asia, Trade between Asia countries and partners outside Asia + Content scope: Trade perspectives in goods and services of Asia’ international trade 5.
Methodology The research will collect data from different sources such as Asian Development Bank (ADB), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank (WB) and Trademap. Then the research will conduct statistics, calculations and description analysis to show the status as well as the cause of the slowdown in Asia’s trade. Research structure The research consists of three chapters: Chapter 1: Theoretical basic on International Trade Chapter 2: The slowdown in Asia’s International Trade Chapter 3: The causes of slowdown in Asia’s international trade and implications 11 CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BASIC ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE 1. Definition of International Trade Krugman, Obstfeld, Melitz (2012) argued that international trade focuses primarily on the real transactions in the international economy, that involve a physical movement of goods or a tangible commitment of economic resources.
BusinessDictionary defined international trade as the exchange of goods or services along international borders.