VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY AN GIANG UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES UNDERGRADUATE THESIS EXPLORING LEARNER AUTONOMY IN ENGLISH SPEAKING LEARNING: A CASE STUDY OF THE SECOND-YEAR STUDENTS OF ELT EDUCATION AT AN GIANG UNIVERSITY DANG THI THUY BINH AN GIANG, June 2022 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY AN GIANG UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES UNDERGRADUATE THESIS EXPLORING LEARNER AUTONOMY IN ENGLISH SPEAKING LEARNING: A CASE STUDY OF THE SECOND-YEAR STUDENTS OF ELT EDUCATION AT AN GIANG UNIVERSITY DANG THI THUY BINH I. DTA187071 ADVISOR: PHAN THI THANH HUYEN, PH. AN GIANG, June 2022 Thesis Title: “EXPLORING LEARNER AUTONOMY IN ENGLISH SPEAKING LEARNING: A CASE STUDY OF THE SECOND-YEAR STUDENTS OF ELT EDUCATION AT AN GIANG UNIVERSITY” By: DANG THI THUY BINH Field of Study: ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING Advisor: Phan Thi Thanh Huyen, Ph. Accepted by the Faculty of Foreign Languages, An Giang University on ………………………………………… (Dr.
Tran Thi Thanh Hue) Dean of the Faculty of Foreign Languages Examination Committee ……………………………………………. Advisor (PHAN THI THANH HUYEN, Ph.) ………………………………………………Faculty Examiner 1 (TRAN THI THANH HUE, Ph. Faculty Examiner 2 (LY THI THANH TRUC, Ph.) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of this undergraduate thesis would not have been possible without the kind contributions of individuals to whom I am eternally grateful for their unwavering support. First and foremost, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Dr.
Phan Thi Thanh Huyen for her unwavering assistance and detailed guidance. Her real instruction and accommodating advice, in my opinion, are one of the things that will help me obtain useful experiences and successfully complete my thesis. Secondly, I also give special thanks to Ms. Huynh Chi Xuan Huyen, MA and Ms.
Ly Thi Minh Trang, MA because of their support and willingness to devote valuable time for me to send the questionnaire to class 21AV. Thirdly, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the second-year students majoring in ELT Education at the Faculty of Foreign Languages at An Giang University who passionately take part in the survey and focus group interview. Last but not least, I desire to give thanks and unending gratitude to my beloved family for always trusting me and raising me up when I was exhausted. Additionally, my sincere thanks go to my beloved friends Au Dai Phuc, Le Thi My Thuan, and Le Cao Minh Thu for their love, generosity, and understanding.
Especially, they always stand by my side. i DECLARATION I hereby declare that the thesis entitled “Exploring learner autonomy in English speaking learning: A case study of the second-year students of ELT Education at An Giang University” represents my own work and that has not been previously submitted to any other university or institute in application for admission to degrees or other qualifications. An Giang, June 2022 Dang Thi Thuy Binh ii ABSTRACT Learner autonomy (LA) is one of the factors to succeed in second language acquisition. In the EFL context, university students acknowledge the importance of LA in practicing language skills, particularly English speaking throughout many activities outside the classroom.
This study aims at exploring how EFL students perceive their responsibility for their studies as well as what they do to practice their English-speaking skills. The case study using a mix-method approach was carried out at An Giang University with the participation of 98 second-year students majoring in English Language Teacher Education. The researcher employed both qualitative and quantitative instruments with data gathered through questionnaires and focus group interviews. The findings show that the students’ levels of learner autonomy are positive and they also take control in various activities to perform their English-speaking learning, such as setting learning goals and strategies, selecting material resources, applying technology, and frequently evaluating their current abilities.
Besides, the findings point out that most students, no matter which group they belong to, enhance their English speaking skills by using social networking sites and like to practice individually. On the other hand, the students with high levels of LA in English speaking learning emphasize the importance of integrated skills to collaborate with other skills while others just focus on speaking skills when practicing. This study thus offers insightful understandings into student perspectives on LA and is a useful resource for English language teachers and other professors in fostering student autonomy and language learning process at the tertiary level. Keywords: Learner autonomy, English-speaking learning, the second-year students of ELT Education, An Giang University.
iii LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 1: A summary of the data collected from the second-year ELT Education students who took part in the survey and interview. 17 Table 2: Summary of the questionnaire for ELT Education second-year students. 18 Table 3: Scale to compare the average. 20 Table 4: The reliability of the students' practice questionnaire.
22 Table 5: The Mean, Max, Min and SD of students’ practice to develop LA for ESI. 22 Table 6: The mean scores of three clusters of ELT Education students’ practice. 23 Table 7: Percentage of students’ practice of setting goals/plans. 24 Table 8: Percentage of students’ practice of using activities to perform learning action.
25 Table 9: Percentage of Students’ practice of self-evaluating. 26 iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS An Giang University AGU Common European Framework of Reference CEFR English as a Foreign Language EFL English Language Teaching ELT English speaking improvement ESI English speaking skills ESS Faculty of Foreign Languages FFL Learner Autonomy LA Ministry of Education and Training MOET Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i DECLARATION ii ABSTRACT iii LIST OF TABLES iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS v CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Rationale of the study .2 Purpose of the study .4 Significance of the study .5 Organization of the thesis. 4 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5 2.1 Learner Autonomy in language education.1 Background information and definition of Learner Autonomy 5 2.2 Learner Autonomy in language education 6 2.3 Characteristics of Autonomous Learner 7 2.2 EFL learning and teaching speaking skills .1 Definition of speaking skills 8 2.2 The importance of English speaking skills 8 2.3 EFL students’ English speaking skills 9 2.3 Learner Autonomy in language learning .4 The EFL students’ roles in practice to develop Learner Autonomy for English speaking improvement (ESI).1 Setting objectives and strategies for ESI 11 2.2 Using particular learning activities to carry out the tasks 12 2.3 Evaluating the process and performance of English speaking by learners 13 2.6 Summary of Literature Review. 15 CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 16 3.3 Data collection instruments.2 Focus group interview with students 18 3.4 Data collection procedures .1 Administering the questionnaire 19 3.2 Administering the focus group interviews 19 3.2 Focus group interview 20 3.
21 CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 22 4.1 Findings from the questionnaire .2 Findings from the focus group interviews .2 Setting objectives and strategies for ESI 29 4.3 Using particular learning activities to carry out the tasks 30 4.4 Evaluating the process and performance of English speaking by learners 32 4.1 Summary of the results .4 Recommendations for further research. 39 REFERENCES 40 APPENDICES 44 APPENDIX 1. QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STUDENTS (VIETNAMESE VERSION). QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STUDENT (ENGLISH VERSION).
INTERVIEW QUESTION FOR STUDENTS (ENGLISH VERSION) 53 APPENDIX 4. INTERVIEW QUESTION FOR STUDENT (VIETNAMESE VERSION). 55 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION There are five sections in this chapter: (1) rational of the study, (2) purpose of the study, (3) research questions, (4) significance of the study, and (5) organization of the thesis.1 Rationale of the study 1.1 Theoretical background “Learner autonomy” (LA), which is one of the most recent and controversial concepts though this definition has been known in the past few decades, is considered as the ultimate objective of language education (Dickinson, 1994). It is directly related to the ability to take charge of one’s own learning, which enables students to learn a language effectively (Holec, 1979).
Autonomy, independence, and self-directed learning are the terms that have been employed in a variety of contexts. Many researchers found that teachers and learners encounter difficulties in defining and applying LA as well as reassigning the role of actors in the formal setting, which actually has a correlation with the difficulty of breaking habits. In fact, much of the learning progress was implemented outside the classroom, but learners are not accustomed to being the center of their own learning. It is implied that LA plays a vital role in English language learning.
In the process of teaching and learning, speaking is considered a productive skill which learners should have (Bailey, 2003). With the growth of English as an international language of communication (Graddol, 2006, 2010), there is clearly a prerequisite for many learners to speak and interact in a multilingual environment, be it for foreign business, education, and other professional aspects. In other words, people may often make judgments about our language competence from our speaking ability rather than other language skills. Besides, speaking is considered as the most prominent skill compared to the three other languages skills: reading, listening and writing.
It enables students to succeed in communicating a foreign language and obtain a high-income job after graduation (Baker & Westrup, 2003). However, various obstacles were posed in the aspect of LA, particularly in EFL teaching context (Bailey, 2003). As a result, EFL learners are motivated to bear the responsibility of their own study so as to improve their English- speaking skills.2 Practical background In the research context of An Giang University (AGU), listening and speaking are taught together in the courses called “Listening and Speaking”. The level is upgraded every semester from A2 to C1, based on the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR).
According to the course syllabus, the students will have only forty-five in-class hours and ninety self-study hours. That explains why most EFL students have limited chances to participate in speaking activities in class and to practice speaking outside the classroom. Therefore, they often find it difficult to express themselves and always have some problems when speaking. The future job as high school English teachers requires the second-year students majoring in ELT Education at An Giang University to have a high level of speaking proficiency and necessary strategies to practice their English-speaking skills.
Besides, exploring the perceptions of these students about learner autonomy plays a very significant role. This is because the credit-based training system was implemented in university training programs in 2007, and this issue has received increased attention (Nga, Thuy, and Truc, 2014). According to Nga, Thuy, and Truc (2014), most Vietnamese EFL students recognize the importance of LA in language acquisition. They know that being autonomous in their learning is key to successful learning for them and their future students, but not all learners start their learning journey with a thorough understanding of autonomy.
For instance, the results imply that they do not devote enough time to self-study as required by the credit system in higher educational institutions. After finishing the first year of university, it is believed that the second-year students majoring in ELT Education at AGU have been prepared for the term “learner autonomy” and apply it into their speaking learning. Especially, they were equipped with the ability to take charge of their English language speaking progress. From the point of view of LA, the students should be made aware of the value of being autonomous language learners, be trained to build their LA capacity and be equipped with good strategies in speaking learning to help their future students practice English speaking skills.
Thus, it is necessary to carry out the thesis on: “Exploring learner autonomy in English speaking learning: A case study of the second-year students of ELT Education at An Giang University”.2 Purpose of the study This research aims to: ● Investigate the perspectives of the second-year students majoring in ELT Education at AGU about learner autonomy in English speaking learning.