Giới Thiệu Về Biofuels: Nguồn Năng Lượng Tái Tạo

Trường đại học

CRC Press

Chuyên ngành

Mechanical Engineering

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Essay

2010

458
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

75 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

1. Preface

2. The Author

3. Units and Conversion Factors

4. Ethanol as the Leading “First-Generation” Biofuel

4.1. Historical Development of Ethanol as a Fuel from Neolithic Times to the Twentieth Century

4.2. Oil Supply and Oil Price in the Twentieth Century: Necessity and Alternative Fuel Programs

4.3. Case Study 1: Brazil and Sugarcane Ethanol

4.4. Case Study 2: Starch-Based Ethanol in the United States

4.5. Thermodynamic and Environmental Aspects of Ethanol as a Biofuel

4.5.1. Net Energy Balance

4.5.2. Effects on Emissions of Greenhouse Gases and Other Pollutants

5. Cellulosic Ethanol as a “Second-Generation” Biofuel

5.1. Bioethanol and Cellulosic Ethanol: The Rise of Biomass-Based Biofuels

5.2. Structural and Industrial Chemistry of Cellulosic Biomass

5.2.1. Cellulose, Hemicelluloses, and Lignin

5.2.2. Lignocellulose as a Biochemical Resource

5.2.3. Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materials

5.2.3.1. Physical and Chemical Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass
5.2.3.2. Acid Hydrolysis of Pretreated Lignocellulosic Biomass

5.3. Cellulases: Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biotechnology

5.3.1. Enzymology of Cellulose Degradation by Cellulases

5.3.2. Cellulases in Lignocellulosic Feedstock Processing

5.3.3. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Cellulase Production

5.3.3.1. Physiological Regulation of Cellulase Production
5.3.3.2. Regulatory Genes Involved in Cellulase Production
5.3.3.3. New-Generation Cellulases
5.3.3.4. Novel Molecular Features of Cellulases

5.4. Hemicellulases: New Horizons in Energy Biotechnology

5.4.1. A Multiplicity of Hemicellulases

5.4.2. Hemicellulases in the Processing of Lignocellulosic Biomass

5.4.3. Molecular Biology of Hemicellulases

5.5. Lignin-Degrading Enzymes as Aids to Saccharification

5.6. Commercial Choices of Cellulosic Feedstocks for Ethanol Production

5.7. Biotechnology and Platform Technologies for Cellulosic Ethanol

Introduction to biofuels 1