FOR FOREIGN STUDENTS Book l BY C. ECKERSLEY ESSENTIAL “ENGLISH _ Or | Foreign Students _ BOOK ONE revised edition by C. ECKERSLEY Illustrations by _ CHARLES SALISBURY, BURGESS SHARROCKS and from‘ Punch’ and‘ The Humorist’ _ FOREIGN LANGUAGES PRESS ' _ Sofia. 1967 PREFACE ESsENTIAL ENGLISH is a course in four books, of which this is the.
first, for the teaching of English to adult foreign students. It aims at giving the student a sound knowledge of the essentials of both spoken and written English and taking him well on the way to a mastery of idiomatic conversational and literary English. The normal constructior ns and sentence patterns of English are introduced gradually and systematically, and are well. drilled at every stage.
The learner is guided through “essential” grammar in the simplest possible manner, and every new construction is explained and illustrated as soon as it is used. The restricted vocabulary within which the four books are written has been based on A General Service List of English Words* But neither this list, nor any other list, has been followed slavishly and blindly; the vocabulary and the grammar and the structures taught have been tested constantly by the experience gained during some thirty years of teaching English to foreign students or writing text-~books for them. “Because I believe that 2 knowledge of the spoken tongue is the true basis of language learning, much of this book is in **conversational”’ form; and my constant endeavour has been to ensure that, despite the restrictions that a limited vocabu- lary naturally imposes, every sentence in these conversations is expressed in the living, colloquial idiom that an educated Englishman would use. And, since the most effective spur to learning a language (or anything else) is interest, every effort has been made to cover the linguistic pill with the jam of gaiety.
So, as soon as 1 A new edition of the Interim Report on Vocabulary Selection (Longmans). iii "iv PREFACE - the preliminaries are mastered, the reader is introduced to Mr. Priestley, his household and his group of students. We see them here and in subsequent books chatting together, telling jokes, reading stories that they have written, singing songs or acting short plays.
It is on these conversations and stories and the “‘talks by Mr. Priestley’’ that the language teaching is based, and from them that the copious exercises by which the teacher is enabled to test how far the work has been understood, are drawn. Fundamentally, this new edition of EssENTIAL ENGLISH is the same as the old one, but there are one or two changes. Some extra material has been added; the Future Tense has been treated rather more fully; comparison of adjectives, which originally was delayed until Book IT, is now treated here in Lessons 20-22; Lesson 11 has been expanded; there are two new “‘Stories without words”’ (page 155 and 166); the sections on sentence construction have been deferred to a later book and an index has been added.
In the Teacher’s handbook? that has been prepared to accompany this volume the general principles and the main techniques of language teaching are discussed, detailed suggestions and practical hints are given on the teaching of each lesson, and a complete Key to the Exercises is provided. Though a text-book that is the ideal one to every teacher and student is, perhaps, an impossibility, it is hoped that most students and teachers will feel that this new edition is an improvement on the old one, but the author will be most grateful at any time for further criticisms and suggestions that wiil help to make EsseNTIAL ENGLISH more useful to those who study it or teach from it. ` 1 Essential English, Book I, Teacher's Bock. CONTENTS *+ PAGE THE SOUNDS IN ENGLISH °.
` Vii LESSON " 1 THe First ESSENTIAL STRUCTURES ` `. 2 “THE FIRST ESSENTIAL ŠTRUCTURES (2). 30 s Tue Vers “To Be” ` ee. THE SIMPLE Present TENSE.
8 Tue Present ConTINUOUS TENSE. - 2 g ‘Tre Verss “Have” AND “CAN”,. DAYS, MONTHS, SEASONS. x2 Tue Past Tensz,:“ To Be,” “To Have,” “Can”.
THe CHARACTERS IN THE Essential English Booxs (1) Mr. 93 14 THe SrmpLe PRESENT TENSE. 99 15 Discussion or Lesson 13. SiMPLE PRESENT "Tense NEGATIVE.
105 16 SUBJECTS AND BJECTS. 117 17 ‘THE CHARACTERS IN THE Essential English Booxs (2) Mrs. PRIESTLEY AND SOME OTHERS. 124 x8 THE Future TENSE.
130 1g THE CHARACTERS IN THE Essential English Boos (3) THe Stupents. 138 20 COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES (1):. ‹ ° 147 21 THe STUDENTS TALK TOGETHER. ON “LIKES AND DisLiKES `”.
: 157 22 COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES (2). 168 23 ““THe Car THAT CAUSED A WEDDING.’ ” REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS .ESSON PAGE 24 Tue Srmp_e Past TENSE 179 25 IRREGULAR VERBS. PAST TENSE NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE 186 26 COMMENTS ON LESSON 25. 102 27 'THE STUDENTS TALK TOGETHER ON “Ý FoooD”’.
208 29 THE PRESENT PERFECT "TENSE (1) 214 30 THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (2). 220 31 Tue Present Perrect TENSE (3). More DirFicutt EXAMPLES. 226 32 THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (4) 231 APPENDIX: PRINCIPAL PARTS OF THE TRREGULAR VERBS IN.
Essential English Book I. 236 Grammatical Terms IN Essential English. 238 PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY OF _ Essential English Boox I 239 INDEX. 247 1 THE SOUNDS IN ENGLISH | VOWELS 4 Phonetic Symbol Examples me, tree, three, he, people, the! mm ship, it, ticket, this, king, shilling bed, pen, egg, yes, men, well “| M man, that, am, and, Paris, can, Spanish 9 past, dark, arm, are, car, hard v8 not, lot, wash, song, from, rock, coffee all, small, ball, or, forty, morning put, full, look, good, foot, book who, move, noon, blue, do, too up, cup, much, sun, some, but her, Thursday, burn, third, thirteen, worth,.
work a, the’, under, father, address, servant, Saturday | 1 | DIPHTHONGS ei say, baby, train, plate, table, waiter, Spain ou no, smoke, those, motor, only, Poland, hotel al five, nine, ice, eye, my, side au how, count, flower, clouu, hour, now 21 boy, noise, boil, voice 12 dear, clear, beer, really, ear ca where, there, their, chair, hair, care 933. / four, door, your, more, floor | us / “sure, poor ‘ | 1 aA form. 3 N y speakers of Standard English do not use this sound. They use, instead, [9:].
vil COMSONANTS Phonetic Symbol Examples pen, pay, people, pull, open, inkpot, help ors be, bath, boy, bad, husband, bed, beef train, tree, sit, tea, inkpot, table, hotel, stop wat _ door, day, sad, kind, desk, Friday, word © cold, back, clock, car, class, king gold, bag, girl, dog, good, go, egg-cup OO fine, far, safe, flower, fifteen, after very, save, vegetable, seven, never thank, thick, thin, nothing, think, twentieth Pe _ then, that, there, weather, with, together so, sit, sleep, thinks, place, cigarette Owe zero, has, knives, comes, plays, noise ship, sharp, fish, English, shilling, short aN pleasure, measure Charles, each, Richard, much John, judge, age, Japan, language an his, happy, here, help, unhappy man, make, many, my, swim By name, near, then, finish sing, thing, working, English, king red, around, very, rich, every, room "4 leave, long, full, pull, greatly, last will, work, away, when, window, wash “2g yellow, year, you, young, yes, piano THE ENGLISH ALPHABET C D E F. G H IT J K L > ec doe f g h ij * 1 oOo o P Q@ RS T-U VW X Y 2 P q*srs t uvw x y 5 LESSON 1 (First Lesson) © Number 1 (one): ^WWŒ Number 1 is a man. This is a man, + Number 2 (two) “Gee Number 2 is a woman. This is a woman.
Number 3 (three) “Q@RE This is a boy. Question: What is this? Answer: This is a boy. | | “WE This is a girl. Question: What is this? _ Answer: This is a girl.
WHAT'S THIS ? * 1 * 2 ' ESSENTIAL ENGLISH ‘Number 5 (five) THIS ISA `. Number 6 (six) » Question: What is this? irs by“pyLF | : ® Answer: It is a train. Number 7 (seven) Question: What is number 7? Answer: Number 7 is amountain. Number 8 (eight) - ` { Question: What is number 8? i Answer: Number 8 is a clock.
LESSON ONE 3 Number 9 (nine) Question: Is this a tree? QUESTION ANSWER - Question: Is this a ship? = Answer: Yes, it is. Number rr (eleven) | Question: Is this a ship? ances Answer: No, it is not a ship; fir falls 1 A / Si it is a cigarette. Number 12 (twelve) Question: Is this a cigarette? Answer : No, it is not a cigarette; itisa horse, - 4 ESSENTIAL ENGLISH Number 13 (thirteen) “@BE This is a man and a boy. AND Question: What is this? Answer: It is a woman and a baby.
_ Question: Is this a woman and a baby? Answer: No, it is not; it is a cat and a dog. Number 16 (sixteen) Question: Is this a cat and a dog? Answer; No, it is not; it is a_ hammer and a nail. LESSON ONE PRONUNCIATION DRILL VOWELS AND DIPHTHONGS [i] 1 tf «f fa three this yés man car fourteen _— six ten cat answer tree ship eleven | hammer fifteen is seven thirteen baby - question sixteen mountain twelve eleven cigarette fifteen lesson in sixteen cigarette “ bị b9] tuị [uz] [4] not _ four woman two number ˆ what horse put one [wan] dog _ fourteen - clock [2] [>] fe} Pow fai] girl a train no. five word woman baby - mOtOF nine thirteen hammer _ nail write first motor eight answer - and [au] [oi] mountain boy toys CONSONANTS [3] (voiced) this ' [t] ten, tree, train, thirteen [0] (unvoiced) three, thirteen’ [h] horse, hammer 6 sóc ESSENTIAL.
ENGLISH EXERCI SES I. Put in the missing words: Number 8 —- —- — » LESSON ONE What is Is this a this? man and It is — — a boy? What is this?. What is this? ———_—— _—_ ~— =—— —— —— Is this a cigarette? Is this a cat and a dog? ~_— — —— —_———_— —— BUNS Is this a cigarette? | Ts this a cat and a dog? No, —— — ———— * „1 8 ESSENTIAL ENGLISH II. Write in words the numbers 1 to 16, e.
two oot III, Answer the questions: What is number 1? What is number 2, etc.? (to number 16) YP ym ANP Is number 1 a man? Is number 2 a woman? Is number 3 a boy? Is number 4 a train? Is number 5 a mountain? 901 Is number 6 a woman?. Is number 7 a girl? Is number 8 a clock? oO rat. Is number 9ga tree? oe Is number Io a cigarette? tt DN. Is number 14 a woman and a baby?.
hammer and a nail? pwW. What number is a man? (Answer: Number one is a man. What number isa ship? , A tt. What number is a horse? ON.
What number is a hammer and a nail? -. Is number 12 a horse? » 90. Is number 16 a cat and a dog? M Dictation Man, woman, boy, girl, motor-car, train, mountain, clock, hammer, nail, first. This is a cigarette.
This is a cat and a dog. LESSON ¿ (Second Lesson) Number 17 (seventeen) Number seventeen is an inkpot. What is number eighteen? It is? an ice-cream (or an ice), Is number nineteen an apple? Yes, it is. Mee typ ‘ft Number 20 (twenty) | Is this an apple? | Is it an ice? | Cà What is it? ‹ Se" It is (it’s) an eye.