MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION GRADUATION THESIS AUTOMATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY AUTOMATIC COFFEE MACHINE INSTRUCTOR: NGUYEN TAN DOI STUDENT: PHAM QUOC HUY NGUYEN QUOC VINH SKL013405 Ho Chi Minh City, June 2024 HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION -----------------⸙∆⸙----------------- GRADUATION THESIS AUTOMATIC COFFEE MACHINE Instructor: NGUYEN TAN DOI Student name: PHAM QUOC HUY Student ID: 20151284 NGUYEN QUOC VINH Student ID: 20151324 Major: AUTOMATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Class: 20151CLA1 Ho Chi Minh City, June 2024 HCMC University of Technology and Education SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Faculty of International Education INDEPENDENCE - FREEDOM – HAPPINESS Department of Automatic Control ----o0o---- Ho Chi Minh City, June 30th , 2024 MISSION OF GRADUATION PROJECT Student name 1: Pham Quoc Huy Student ID: 20151284 Student name 2: Nguyen Quoc Vinh Student ID: 20151324 Major: Automation and Control Engineering Technology Class: 20151CLA1 Instructor: Nguyen Tan Doi Date of receiving the topic: February 2024 Date of submitting the topic: June 2024 I. TOPIC: Automatic coffee machine II. Initial figures: - Model dimensions: 52cm x 38cm x 42cm. - Product cup volume: 150ml.
- Specifications and documentation for PLC board FX3U-24MR. Implementation Contents: - Design and construct the hardware model. - Write the control program. - Design the HMI screen for control and operation.
- Conduct testing, fixing, and improvement of the model. - Write the graduation thesis report. Product: Automatic coffee machine. INSTRUCTORS DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL i HCMC University of Technology and Education SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Faculty of International Education INDEPENDENCE - FREEDOM – HAPPINESS Department of Automatic Control ----o0o---- Ho Chi Minh City, June 30th , 2024 GRADUATION PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE Student name 1: Pham Quoc Huy Student ID: 20151284 Student name 2: Nguyen Quoc Vinh Student ID: 20151324 Topic: AUTOMATIC COFFEE MACHINE Instructor Week/day Content validation Weeks 1 - 2 Research and select a topic, set goals and research methods for the project.
(08/01 - 20/01) Weeks 3 - 4 Research about coffee machines, types of coffee and brewing methods. (21/01 - 04/02) Weeks 5 - 7 Conceptualize and design hardware. (05/02 - 25/02) Weeks 8 Select and purchase hardware devices that meet the requirements. (26/02 - 03/03) Weeks 9 - 12 Conduct hardware assembly and construction.
(04/03 - 01/04) Weeks 13 - 14 Write system control programs and design HMI interfaces (02/04 - 15/04) Weeks 15 - 17 Operate, check and repair machines. ii (16/04 - 07/05) Weeks 18 Testing and surveying the quality of the machine. (08/05 - 15/05) Weeks 19 - 20 Write a report for the topic. (16/05 - 01/06) Instructor (Sign and specify first and last name) iii HCMC University of Technology and Education SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Faculty of International Education INDEPENDENCE - FREEDOM – HAPPINESS Department of Automatic Control ----o0o---- Ho Chi Minh City, June 30th , 2024 INSTRUCTOR’S EVALUATION SHEET Student name 1: Pham Quoc Huy Student ID: 20151284 Student name 2: Nguyen Quoc Vinh Student ID: 20151324 Major: Control and Automation Engineering Technology Topic: Automatic coffee machine Instructor’s name: Nguyen Tan Doi COMMENT: 1.
Content of the topic and scope of work. Recommend for project defense or not? .) Instructor (Sign and specify first and last name) iv HCMC University of Technology and Education SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Faculty of International Education INDEPENDENCE - FREEDOM – HAPPINESS Department of Automatic Control ----o0o---- Ho Chi Minh City, June 30th , 2024 PRE-DEFENSE EVALUATION SHEET Student name 1: Pham Quoc Huy Student ID: 20151284 Student name 2: Nguyen Quoc Vinh Student ID: 20151324 Major: Automation and Control Engineering Technology Topic: Automatic coffee machine Thesis advisor’s name: COMMENT: 1. Content of the topic. Recommend for project defense or not?.
Ho Chi Minh City, June 30th , 2024 Thesis advisor (Sign and specify first and last name) v HCMC University of Technology and Education SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Faculty of International Education INDEPENDENCE - FREEDOM – HAPPINESS Department of Automatic Control ----o0o---- Ho Chi Minh City, June 30th , 2024 DECLARATION We guarantee that all results in this project are conducted by us, based on a serious research and implementation process, without copying or falsifying any data in the report. The results stated in the report are truthful and have not been published in any other work. If there is any false information in the report, we take full responsibility. Project team Pham Quoc Huy Nguyen Quoc Vinh vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to express our gratitude to the leadership of Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education and the Faculty of International Education for facilitating and supporting our group throughout the research and implementation of this project.
We would like to extend our sincere thanks to lecturer Nguyen Tan Doi, who enthusiastically assisted and provided the best conditions for our team to complete this project. Our group also sincerely thanks the lecturers in the council for taking the time to review and provide valuable feedback to help our project improve. Finally, we would like to extend our thanks to our families and friends who have always encouraged, supported, and created the most favorable conditions for our group during the execution of this project. Ho Chi Minh City, June 2024 Project team Pham Quoc Huy Nguyen Quoc Vinh vii CONTENTS MISSION OF GRADUATION PROJECT.
i GRADUATION PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE .ii INSTRUCTOR’S EVALUATION SHEET. iv PRE-DEFENSE EVALUATION SHEET .vii LIST OF ACRONYMS.xii LIST OF TABLES. xiii LIST OF FIGURES .3 Contents of project. Overview of coffee machines.
Introduction to automatic coffee machines. Types of coffee machines. Introduction to PLCs. General introduction to PLCs.
Types of PLCs. Application of PLC in practice. Mitsubishi FX3U-24MR PLC Board. Introduction to FX3U-24MR PLC Board.
Structure of PLC board. Benefits of using FX3U-24MR PLC board. Structure of DC motor. Principle operation of DC motor.
Introduction to RS232 communication. Overview of RS232 Communication. Key Characteristics of RS232. Typical Pin Configuration (DB9 Connector).
Advantages and limitations of RS232. Applications of RS232. 15 CALCULATION AND DESIGN .2 Mechanical system design .2 Frame for machine design .3 Tank for materials design .4 Mixing tank design .5 Glass frame design .7 HMI screen frame design .3 Electrical system design .1 Power supply wiring diagram.4 Load circuit diagram .5 Algorithmic flow chart .1 Control system description .2 Operation flow chart. Construction of the coffee machine's frame.
Construction of the internal parts of the coffee machine. Construction of electrical cabinets. Construction of HMI control interface. Connect PLC to HMI.
Design user interface on HMI .2 Mechanical construction results .3 Electrical construction results .4 Control interface results .5 System operation results .1 The volume of ingredients pumped by each pump .2 Amount of ingredients pumped into the mixing tank according to the recipe .3 Volume from the mixing tank pumped into the cup. 76 CONCLUSION AND DEVELOPMENT. 78 xi LIST OF ACRONYMS PLC: Programmable Logic Controller HMI: Human – Machine Interface DC: Direct Current AC: Alternating Current NO: Normally Open NC: Normally Closed DO: Digital Output DI: Digital Input xii LIST OF TABLES Table 3. 2 Requirement for each block.
4 Module XL6009 paramaters. 5 FX3U-24MR parameters. 6 LY2N relay parameters. 8 ULKA EP4 specifications.
1 The volume of ingredients pumped in 20 seconds by each pump. 2 Amount of coffee pump into mixing tank. 3 Amount of coffee and sugar pump into mixing tank. 4 Amount of sugar and coffe pump into mixing tank.
5 Amount of coffee and sugar pump into mixing tank. 6 Amount of coffee and milk pump into mixing tank. 7 Amount of coffee and milk pump into mixing tank. 8 Amount of coffee and milk pump into mixing tank.
9 Amount of coffee and milk pump into mixing tank. 10 Volume from the mixing tank pumped into the cup. 11 Time operation for each type of coffee .74 xiii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2. 1 Semi-Automatic Coffee Machine Melitta CI Touch Plus.
2 Types of PLC. 4 Board PLC FX3U-24MR. 5 Structure of board PLC FX3U-24MR. 6 Structure of a DC motor.
7 Principle operation of DC motor. 8 Pinout of RS232 port. 1 Frame before putting equipments. 2 Structure of three tanks.
3 Structure inside mixing tank. 4 Place to put the cup. 5 Ice tray in 3D. 6 3D design for operation and monitoring.
7 Frame after installing equipments. 8 Block diagram of the system. 9 Aptomat MCB NXB – 63 C32. 10 Wiring of MCB NXB – 63 C32.
12 Pinout of 12V 10A power supply. 14 Pinout of module XL6009. 16 Pinout of module XL4015. 17 FX3U-24MR PLC Board.
18 Pinout of FX3U-24MR Board. 19 LY2N-J OMRON 12VDC intermediate relay. 20 Optical sensor E3F-DS30C4. 21 Pinout of sensor E3F-DS30C4.
22 Operation of the diffuse reflection sensor. 23 Thermostat Sensor Module W1209. 24 Pinout of W1209 module. 25 Parameter setting table for W1209.
27 YF-S401 flow sensor. 28 Pinout of YF-S401 Sensor. 29 ULKA EP4 vibration pump. 32 LED signal 220VAC.
33 Power supply wiring diagram. 34 PLC input diagram. 35 PLC output diagram. 36 Load circuit diagram.
37 Operation flow chart. 1 Frame of the coffee maker. 2 Install mica for the frame. 3 Fix the position of the pumps.
4 Fix the position of the material tanks. 5 Open lid for ingredient tank. 6 Design a heating position for the coffee tank. 7 Fix the position for the mixing tank.
9 Connect PLC to HMI via RS232. 10 Configuration for HMI. 11 Configuration for PLC. 12 Design for Main Interface.
13 Interface design for Auto mode. 14 Interface design for Black Coffee option. 15 Interface design for Black Coffee With Sugar option. 16 Interface design for Milk Coffee option.
17 Interface design for White Coffee option. 18 Interface design for Manual mode. 19 Interface design for Pump Testing mode. 20 Interface design for Tank Pump Test option.
21 Interface design for Coffee Pump Test option. 22 Interface design for Milk Pump Test option. 23 Interface design for Sugar Pump Test option. 1 The inside of the machine after completing mechanical construction.
2 The outside of the machine after completing mechanical construction 58 Figure 5. 3 Results of electrical construction. 4 The main interface of the machine. 5 Interface in Auto mode.
6 Black coffee option. 7 Black coffee with sugar option. 8 Milk coffee option. 9 White coffee option.
10 Interface in Manual mode. 11 Interface in Pump Testing mode. 12 Pump Test options. 63 xvi SUMMARY The Automatic Coffee Machine project employs a unique approach to coffee brewing by integrating Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) technology into its design.
The main goal of the project is to revolutionize the coffee brewing experience by using a PLC to automate and precisely control every part of the coffee-making process. For this coffee machine model, users can choose from preset coffee types in the machine or brew coffee according to their own recipes. The coffee machine makes the brewing process faster and ensures that the ingredient ratios are combined more accurately. Moreover, the PLC system optimizes energy use and produces no waste, making the coffee machine both environmentally friendly and cost-effective.
With basic knowledge of PLCs and practical lessons on circuit design, programming, and assembling mechanical devices learned at the university, combined with the skills acquired during the internship at the company, we have applied these effectively to this project.