Table of Contents ABSTRACT.XII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. RATIONALE OF THE STUDY. AIMS OF THE STUDY. SCOPE OF THE STUDY.
METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY. STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY.8 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW. The studies concerning the translation of the English tenses and aspects into other languages.
The studies concerning the translation of the English tenses and aspects into Vietnamese. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND FOR THE STUDY. The concepts of tenses and aspects. Implicit factors affecting translation.
THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY.53 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION. RESEARCH APPROACHES AND METHODS. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS PROCEDURE. The procedure of collecting data.
Data analysis procedure.70 CHAPTER 4: THE FINDINGS OF THE TRANSLATION OF THE ENGLISH SIMPLE TENSES AND ASPECTS INTO THEIR VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS. THE VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION OF THE ENGLISH SIMPLE TENSES BY T1. The translation of the English simple present tense. The translation of the English simple past tense.
The translation of the English simple future tense. THE VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION OF THE ENGLISH SIMPLE TENSES BY T2. The translation of the English simple present tense. The translation of the English simple past tense.
The translation of the English simple future tense. THE VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION OF THE ENGLISH SIMPLE TENSES BY T3. The translation of the English simple present tense. The translation of the English simple past tense.
The translation of the English simple future tense. THE IMPLICIT MEANINGS OF THE USE OR DISUSE OF THE VIETNAMESE LINGUISTIC MEANS IN THE TRANSLATION OF THE ENGLISH SIMPLE TENSES. The meaning of the English simple past tense inferred from the time adverbial in Vietnamese. The perfective marker đã used as an emphasis rather than a means for translating the English tenses.
The perfective marker đã cannot be used for translating past tenses. The progress marker đang and đương used for translating past, present and future tenses but not compulsory. The disuse of the Vietnamese markers under the view of idiomatic preferences. The disuse of the Vietnamese markers viewed from different referential equivalence.104 CHAPTER 5: THE FINDINGS OF THE TRANSLATION OF THE ENGLISH COMPLEX TENSES AND ASPECTS INTO THEIR VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS.
TRANSLATION OF THE ENGLISH COMPLEX TENSES AND ASPECTS BY T1. Translation of the English present tenses. Translation of the English past tenses. The translation of “be going to”.
TRANSLATION OF THE ENGLISH COMPLEX TENSES AND ASPECTS BY T2. Translation of the English present tenses. Translation of the English past tenses. The translation of “Be going to”.
TRANSLATION OF THE COMPLEX ENGLISH TENSES AND ASPECTS BY T3. Translation of the English present tenses. Translation of the English past tenses. The translation of “Be going to”.
THE IMPLICIT MEANINGS OF THE USE OR DISUSE OF THE VIETNAMESE LINGUISTIC MEANS IN THE TRANSLATION OF THE ENGLISH COMPLEX TENSES AND ASPECTS. The meaning of the English simple past tense inferred from the prepositional phrases of time in Vietnamese. The disuse of Vietnamese markers under the view of idiomatic preferences. The disuse of the Vietnamese markers viewed from different referential equivalence.
The use or disuse of Vietnamese markers caused by different pragmatic equivalence.153 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS. IMPLICATIONS OF THE STUDY. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH.170 APPENDIX 1: THE ENGLISH NOVEL AND ITS VIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS.172 APPENDIX 2-11: THE ENGLISH TENSES AND ASPECTS TRANSLATED INTO THREE VIETNAMESE VERSIONS.172 4 m LISTS OF TABLES Table 2.
1: Vietnamese Linguistic Means Used in Translation of Simple English Tenses.2: Vietnamese Linguistic Means Used in Translation of Complex English Tenses.1: Vietnamese Linguistic Means Used in Translation of Simple English Tenses by T1.2: Vietnamese Linguistic Means Used in Translation of Simple English Tenses by T2.3: Vietnamese Linguistic Means Used in Translation of Simple English Tenses by T3.1: Vietnamese Linguistic Means Used in Translation of Complex English Tenses and Aspects by T1.2: Vietnamese Linguistic Means Used in Translation of Complex English Tenses and Aspects by T2.3: Vietnamese Linguistic Means Used in Translation of Complex English Tenses and Aspects by T3.136 LISTS OF FIGURES Figure 2. 1: The English Tense-Aspect System. 2: Tense And Aspect Combination. 3: Temporal features of the situation types.
4: Conceptual framework for constrasting English tenses and aspects with their Vietnamese equivalents.2: Steps in identifying means to translate English tenses and aspects into Vietnamese.1: Percentage of Vietnamese Linguistic Means Used by T1.2: Percentage of Vietnamese Linguistic Means Used by T2.3: Percentage of Vietnamese Linguistic Means Used by T3.1: Percentage of Vietnamese Linguistic Means of Translating Present Tenses and Aspects by T1.2: Percentage of Vietnamese Linguistic Means of Translating Past Tenses and Aspects by T1.3: “Be going to" Translated by T1.4: Percentage of Vietnamese Linguistic Means of Translating Present Tenses and Aspects by T2.5: Percentage of Vietnamese Linguistic Means of Translating Past Tenses and Aspects by T2.6 : “Be going to” Translated by T2.7: Percentage of Vietnamese Linguistic Means of Translating Present Tenses and Aspects by T3.8: Percentage of Vietnamese Linguistic Means of Translating Past Tenses and Aspects by T3.9: “Be going to” Translated by T3.148 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I, the undersigned, certify my authority of the dissertation report submitted entitled “The Translation of Tenses and Aspects from English into Vietnamese” in the fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy. 6 m Except where the reference is indicated, no other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgements in the text of the dissertation. Hanoi, 2023 Nguyễn Đình Sinh 7 m Abstract This dissertation investigated how tense and aspect items were transferred into Vietnamese via the contrasting of the expressions of tenses and aspects. Practically, the main aim of the study was to find Vietnamese linguistic means or markers applicable to convey the English tenses and aspects.
Then, the second aim of the study was to find out the implications of the Vietnamese linguistic means or markers used in translating English tenses and aspects. The data collected from the novel in the English language entitled the Great Gatsby by the U.S’s famous novelist, Francis Scott Fitzgerald comprise of 2,493 English sentences. The rest of 7,479 Vietnamese translated sentences were taken from the three novels in Vietnamese namely “Con người hào hoa”, “Gatsby vĩ đại”, “Đại gia Gatsby” by three prominent Vietnamese translators namely Mặc Đỗ, Hoàng Cường and Trịnh Lữ respectively. The research employed mixed methods of qualitative and quantitative strategy as a methodology approach.
Besides, various research methods such as the descriptive and analytical methods and contrasting methods also used. The library research method was to collect related materials and data to construct a theoretical background for the study by reviewing related theories such as tenses, aspects and equivalence in translation. Moreover, qualitative approach was employed to assist the description, explanation, clarification and synthesis of the quantitative results of the research. Similarly, to analyze qualitatively the target texts, the research employed Vietnamese temporal and aspectual markers mentioned in the literature reviews.
The study discovered that the employment of overt linguistic markers indicating tenses and aspects was infrequent in translated texts in Vietnamese. In reality, locating temporal manner of a situation in Vietnamese is mostly deduced from the context of the situation itself. The information indicating aspects of a situation is mostly inferred from the context and situation types of the verbs. 8 m Besides, it can be overtly indentified through certain Vietnamese linguistic markers.
Contrary to that, tense is a matter of the fact in all finite sentences and openly transfers the temporal manner of a situation. The results of the research are of considerable significance helping solve the controversies over whether Vietnamese has tenses and aspects or not. Besides, translators of English may take these results as a practical reference assisting the translating work. Furthermore, teachers and learners of English can employ these results in their studying and educating and English in common and translation in specific.
9 m ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My research work might not have been conceivable possible without the direction and the thoughts of few people who in one way or another contributed and expanded their profitable offer assistance within the arrangement in completion of this study. First and foremost, I wish to express my great sincere thanks and appreciation to my supervisor, Assoc. Lê Hùng Tiến. With his sincerity and persistent encouragement as my research unique supervisor which will be in my mind forever.
He was the first to help turn my initial idea into hypotheses then made it into my research questions and instructed me over nearly 5 years of this study. Thanks to his invaluable insight guidance in every phase of the study. Together with that, he also made numerous comments throughout the writing of the dissertation paper. Through the talks about his hard time studying, working and doing his research, Assoc.
Lê Hùng Tiến has been my inspiration that has helped me overcome all the barriers in the completion of this research work. My sincere thanks go to Assoc. Hoàng Tuyết Minh, Former Deputy Head of Department for Scientific Research and International Cooperation, Hanoi Open University for her kind comments and suggestions as regards my research proceeding and all the requirements of academic sorts. My sincere thanks also go to Prof.
Hoàng Văn Vân, Former Dean of the School of Graduate Studies, VNU; Assoc. Lâm Quang Đông, ULIS Vice President and Editor-in-Chief of VNU Journal of Foreign Studies; Dr. Huỳnh Anh Tuấn, Dean of the Graduate Studies Faculty, ULIS-VNU; Assoc. Hồ Ngọc Trung, Dean of Faculty of English, Hanoi Open University for their invaluable suggestions and comments on the methodology and other issues related to my dissertation on different defending sessions of my study.
Thanks to their great advices and remarks, I was easier to complete my research. 10 m I am also indebted to two independent examiners for their detailed, critical but very positive comments on the study. I would also like to express special thanks to the Board of Rectors of Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, and my colleagues of the Faculty of Foreign Languages for their sharing and supports during the time I did my research. My last thanks go to my parents, wife, my children, and friends, who are always there by my side sharing the good times and help me out by listening during the bad times.
11 m Abbreviations BGT: be going to PP: Perfect progress CNHH: Con người hào hoa R: reference ĐGG: Đại gia Gatsby Sim: simple Fre: frequency: SL: source language Fut M: future marker S. Verbs: Situation types of verbs GVĐ: Gatsby vĩ đại TGG: The Great Gatsby Per M: perfective marker TL: target language PP: perfect progressive T1: Mặc Đỗ Pre: present T2: Hoàng Cường Pro M: progress marker T3: Trịnh Lữ Pro: Progress TT: target text Perf: Perfect 12 m CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale of the study In communicating between two countries even between two tribes or ethnic groups within a country that speak different languages, translation is an indispensable element contributing to a successful information exchange. Translation has a very long history of development.
Its history is normally said to date back to 3,000 B. Translators of different languages, however, still confront quite a lot of difficulties in their work, among them equivalence is the most popular one. Equivalence in translation is not very common whereas non-equivalence between any two languages exists as a matter of the fact. Even, two languages like English and French are considered to be members of the Indo-European family, non-equivalence does exist between them.
Compare the two English and French sentences expressing the same information in the following example: A: She is a student. B: Elle est étudiante. In the sentence (A) the word “student” need not be defined in female form as this is not a feature of English grammar rule, whereas in the sentence (B) the word “étudiante” is in female “form” and its male form is “étudiant” to be in consistent with the subject female “Elle”. Therefore, the Vietnamese, a language is believed to belong to the Mon-Khmer branch of the Austroasiatic language family, must possess a lot more non-equivalences than the French language in translating from English or vice-versa.