THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY DOAN DUC PHUC RESEARCH TITLE: Assessment of environmental situation in Nelson county pigs cooperative, Lakota, North Dakota, United State BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full-time Major: Environmental Science and Management Faculty: International Training and Development Center Batch: 2011-2015 Thai Nguyen, 07/27/2016 Page i DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of environmental Science and Management Student name Doan Duc Phuc Student ID DTN11153150067 Assessment of environmental situation in Nelson county Thesis Title pigs cooperative, Lakota, North Dakota, United State. Dr Nguyen Hung Quang, Thai Nguyen University of Supervisors Agriculture and Forestry, Vietnam. Abstract: Each year livestock industry emits about 75-85 million tons of waste has an impact on the environment and human health in many ways such as causing pollution of surface water, groundwater, atmosphere, environmental soil and agricultural products. Environment polluted by the decay of organic matter in pig manure and wastewater.
After the waste discharged, If we don’t give the right treatment. I will bring plenty of consequences. By this research. You could have the overall looking to the real environmental situation of pig farm now a day in USA.
The environmental policy laws of water quality, air quality, soil quality. Beside, I’m going to describe deeply of automatic technology in the modern farm. Then analyze the benefits and disadvantages of those things. At the end, I wrote the results of measurement of Air sample, water sample, and soil sample.
By this way to understanding more clearly about environmental situation of Nelson county pigs cooperative. Keywords Waste treatment, solid waste, liquid waste, pig production, management. Number of papers 86 pages Date of submission September 30th, 2016 Supervisor’s sign Page ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Luckily, I have a valuable internship chance to learning and professional improvement in Nelson county pigs cooperative, Lakota, North Dakota, United State. First of all, I want to thank my supervisors Todd Erickson and Dr.
Nguyen Hung Quang, those who took the time out to listen, guide, bolster and support me on the right way and allowing me to complete my study to have fruitful results. Particularly, their extremely valuable guidance is not a little commitment in orienting my professions and future. Secondly, I am grateful to Manager, Jim herda about their help dedicated during my internship and research. They was hearted guidance, given the comments and the orientation in my experiment steps as well as the process of writing my report.
Finally, I would like to express our gratitude to the family, relatives and friends who have helped me during the internship. Due to the short time, limited professional qualification and less experience the report may have inevitable mistakes. I very much look forward to the valuable inputs and recommendation of teachers and friends to my thesis to become more perfect. Sincerely, Doan Duc Phuc Page iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT.
iii TABLE OF CONTENTS. iv LIST OF FIGURES .2 Objectives of the study.3 The significance of the thesis.1, Overview of the United States Hog Industry impact.1 United States Hog Industry. Effects of pollution in livestock to humans and the environment. COMPONENTS, CHARACTERISTICS PIG LIVESTOCK WASTE.1 Feces of swine.
Livestock waste water. Excess Food, bedding and other wastes. Livestock materials, veterinary specimens. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE.
Impacts to water environment. Impacts to soil environment. Impacts to air environment. OVERALL OF LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT.
Properly stored and preserved. Livestock waste treatment. SUBJECTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS .1 Object and scope of the study. Object of study.
Scope of research. Methods of collecting and analyzing secondary data. Methods of collecting primary data. Statistical methods, data processing and analysis, and synthesis of data.
Natural conditions, socioeconomic in the region. Social and economic conditions .2 Evaluation of the pig production in Nelson county pigs cooperative, North Dakota. The number of pigs in Nelson county pigs cooperative. The system type and scale of livestock.
Assessment of environmental quality in Nelson County Pigs Cooperative .1 Calculate the total of waste mass in farm .2 The test results of air sample .3 The test results of water sample .4 The test results of soil sample. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 70 Page vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1:Chemical components of swine manure with weight from 70-100 kg. 12 Table 2:Chemical components of urine of pigs from 70-100 kg.
13 Table 3: Composition of pollution and characteristics pig waste water (After cleaning cages). 16 Table 4: Effects of NH3 to people and pigs health. 21 Table 5: Effects of H2S to people and pigs healthy. 22 Table 6:Location of sampling.
36 Table 7: Nelson county Farm Structure and sampling. 37 Table 8 :Air Sample Methodology. 40 Figure 6: Calculation of emissions and determines biogas tank capacity. 56 Table 9: Measurement results in microclimate of Nelson county Pigs Cooperative.
58 Table 10: Measuring results, analyze the air in barns of Nelson county Pigs Cooperative. 59 Table 11: Results of measuring and analyzing air surrounding area of Nelson county Pigs Cooperative. 60 Table 12: Results of measuring, analyzing wastewater production of Nelson county Pigs Cooperative. 61 Table 13: Results of measuring, analyzing groundwater of Nelson county Pigs Cooperative.
62 Table 14: Results of measurement and analysis of surface water of Nelson county Pigs Cooperative. 63 Table 15: Results of measuring and analyzing soil samples of Nelson county Pigs Cooperative. 65 Page vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Average pigs per litter and per breeding animal- USA 1994-2014.
3 Figure 2: Annual litter rate by size of operation United Stated: 1994-2014. 4 Figure 3 Septic tank structure. 31 Figure 4: UASB tank model. 32 Figure 5: Model of waste treatment in Nelson County Pigs cooperative.
54 Figure 6: Calculation of emissions and determines biogas tank capacity. 56 Page viii PART I. Research rationale Exponential increases in demand for pork products worldwide has resulted in the construction of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations and waste lagoons as means of industrializing production. A closer look at hog production of this kind in eastern North Dakota, USA, reveals that while profits are spiraling upward, the burdens of extreme environmental damage and health hazards are shouldered disproportionately by minority communities and the rural poor.
Leaders of the Environmental Justice movement struggle to defend their communities and capture the attention of the general public. People love pigs, and pigs create waste. An increase in global demand for pork products has driven a trend of concentration and industrialization in hog production worldwide, creating pockets of densely packed pig farms. Meanwhile, one hog can produce as much as four to eight times the feces as a human being.
The combination of these factors leads to an environmental and human health crisis that now plagues many rural communities. This is the story of the eastern coastal plain region of the state of North Dakota in the USA, which has become a hog-production haven. At 9-10 million strong, the population of the pig herd here outnumbers residents; the flat, sandy landscape is speckled with ‘lagoons’, which are literally pools of hog waste the size of football fields. These lagoons have become emblems of the painful decades-long fight for local residents, primarily African Americans and rural poor, to defend their communities from crippling air and water pollution.
Page 1 These all above reasons tell us why pig industrial is very important now a day. They develop very fast and heavy effect to environment too. The question here is how to good combine between environment and benefit. It is not different things, it barely two side of one problem.
To get higher economy benefit, the farm not only should care about the diet, reproduction or health management but also should care about environment. In opposite way, if good environment will ensure for Sustainable Development in long term, prevent the diseases, get high quality of pork. To find out the relationship between environment and pig growth I conducted research projects:“Assessment of how environmental factor can effect to the pig growth in Nelson county pigs cooperative, Lakota, North Dakota, United State” 1.2 Objectives of the study - Surveying the status of waste in pig farming is applied at the ranches. - Assess the level of pollution by livestock activities at the camp through environmental indicators.
- Dedicate the diseases of the sows, piglets. Then find out the relationships with around environment.3 The significance of the thesis. Meaning science • The research results contribute the new perspectives on the importance of the environment in livestock • The theme is a reference material for learning and scientific research in the future. • The findings of the research will provide the basis for the relationship between benefits and environmental protection.
Page 2 PART II.1, Overview of the United States Hog Industry impact 2.1 United States Hog Industry The efficiency of the United States breeding herd increased significantly from 1994 through 2012. However, due to the effects of the Porcine Diarrhea Virus (PEDv), the average number of pigs per breeding animal declined in 2013 and 2014. The average number of annual pigs per breeding herd animal (including sows, gilts and boars) was 19.5 in 2014, down from 19.8 in 2013, but up from 18. The steady increase in the average number of pigs per breeding animal prior to 2013 was due to the increase in the number of litters per sow per year and the increase in litter rates.
Average pigs per litter and per breeding animal- USA 1994-2014 Producers were able to increase pig crop while decreasing breeding herd and farrowings as a percent of the total inventory until the introduction of PEDv to the domestic herd in 2013. The average utilization of breeding females was 49 percent in 2014, up from 42 percent in 1994, but down from 50 percent in 2012. The size of the annual domestic pig crop increased 13 percent between 1994 and 2014 while the number of farrowings decreased 7 percent during the same period. The influence of Page 3 large operations, those with inventories of 5,000 or more hogs and pigs, on the United States annual litter rate has increased greatly since 1994.
During that year, the average number of pigs weaned on operations with less than 5,000 head was 8. The average number weaned on all operations was 8.19 pigs per litter and the average on operations with 5,000 or more head was 8. By 2008, operations with 5,000 or more head weaned 9.48 pigs per litter while the average for all operations was 9.41 and the average for operations with less than 5,000 head was 8.93 pigs per litter. For the 2014 production year, operations with 5,000 or more head weaned 9.97 pigs per litter while the national average was 9.93 pigs per litter and operations with less than 5,000 head weaned 9.41 pigs per litter.
Historically, the majority of the annual pig crop was produced on operations with fewer than 5,000 hogs and pigs. By 1996, due to industry consolidation and the loss of many small operations, the percentages of the annual pig crop raised by operations with fewer than 5,000 head and by operations with at least 5,000 head were near equilibrium. Figure 2: Annual litter rate by size of operation United Stated: 1994-2014 Page 4 For the 2014 production year, 93 percent of the annual pig crop was produced on operations with at least 5,000 head, up from 27 percent in 1994 and up from 88 percent in 2008. From information collected for the 2012 Census of Agriculture, only 5 percent of hog and pig operations had 5,000 or more head, but accounted for 68 percent of the nation’s inventory.
Conversely, 95 percent of operations had fewer than 5,000 head, but accounted for only 32 percent of the inventory.