MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES EVALUATING THE ABILITY TO DETECT Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae IN SWINE OF THE TopSPEC® Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae qPCR KIT Major : BIOTECHNOLOGY Student : DANG HUYNH ANH Student code : 1912006 Academic year : 2019-2023 Thu Duc City, March 2024 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES GRADUATION THESIS EVALUATING THE ABILITY TO DETECT Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae IN SWINE OF THE TopSPEC® Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae qPCR KIT Advisor Student Dr. DINH XUAN PHAT DANG HUYNH ANH Thu Duc City, March 2024 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I express my deepest gratitude to the Board of Directors of Ho Chi Minh City University of Agriculture and Forestry, and to all the dedicated faculty of the Biological Sciences department, for the invaluable guidance and instruction throughout my study period at school. In particular, I am indebted to Dr. Dinh Xuan Phat for his insightful mentorship and constant support during the completion of my graduation thesis.
Phat's expertise and valuable advice have not only led me to successfully fulfill this academic milestone but also provided me with invaluable career guidance and transferable skills for both professional and personal growth. I extend my sincere appreciation to Ms. Nguyen Thi Mi Mi, Mr. Le Thanh Binh, and all members of the Bio - 313 Genetic Technology department for supporting me during the completion of my graduation thesis.
To my family, my heartfelt thanks for always unwavering belief, encouragement, and unwavering support throughout my four years of university life. Your presence made this journey possible, and I am forever grateful for your love and strength. Finally, I express my warmest gratitude to all my friends who have shared my joys and burdens, offering companionship and assistance along the way. Your presence enriched my journey and made it truly unforgetable.
il CONFIRMATION AND COMMITMENT My name is Dang Huynh Anh, Class: DHI9SHA, Student ID: 19126006. I guarantee that the research: “Evaluating the ability to detect Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in swine of the TopSPEC® Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae qPCR KIT” was conducted by myself and that the results presented are utterly truthful and objective. I will take all responsibilities before the Council for these commitments. Thu Due City, March 2024 Student’s signature 1H ABSTRACT The research thesis titled "Evaluating the ability detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in swine of trial TopSPEC® Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae qPCR KIT" aimed to assess the kit's effectiveness in detecting M.
hyopneumoniae in pigs. This evaluation focused on two key performance metrics: specificity and sensitivity. The findings were encouraging. The limit of detection (LOD) — the mintmum number of bacterial copies the kit could identify — was a respectable 50 copies/reaction.
The standard curve displayed excellent linearity with a high correlation coefficient (R?) of 0.999, indicating a reliable relationship between the Ct value (cycle threshold) and the starting concentration of M. The amplification efficiency (E%) of 90.02% further confirms the kit's efficiency in amplifying the target DNA. Insilico analysis, a computer-based simulation, bolstered the case for high specificity. The primers designed for the kit appeared to specifically target Ä⁄.
The kit achieved a remarkable 100% for both diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, accurately detecting M. hyopneumoniae in positive samples while excluding negative ones. Additionally, the negative and positive predictive values were equally impressive at 100%. Stability is another crucial factor for a diagnostic tool.
The TopSPEC® kit demonstrated this stability with a coefficient of variation (CV%) ranging from 1.2% across three replicates using positive samples. The ability to detect M. hyopneumoniae in control samples further strengthens the kit's potential as a valuable diagnostic tool. However, a critical limitation emerged.
The real-time PCR assay exhibited non-specific reactions with DNA from some E. These reactions produced Ct values ranging from 29.74, indicating amplification of unintended targets. This cross-reactivity with FE. coli DNA impedes the kit's commercialization and necessitates further refinement.
Keywords: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, M.H, Kit test, real-time PCR. 1V TÓM TẮT Dé tài “Đánh giá kha năng phát hiện Mycoplasmal hyopneumoniae gây bệnh trên lợn của bộ kit thử nghiệm 7opŠSPEC® Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae qPCR KIT” được tiến hành nhằm kiểm tra hiệu qua của bộ kit thử nghiệm TopSPEC® Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae qPCR KIT trong việc phát hiện Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) thông qua danh giá độ đặc hiệu va độ nhạy của bộ kit thử nghiệm. Trong nghiên cứu này đã xác định được giới hạn phát hiện (LOD) của bộ kit thử nghiệm là 50 copies/phản ứng.
Đường chuẩn thể hiện tính tuyến tính tuyệt vời với hệ số tương quan cao (R?) là 0,999, cho thấy mối quan hệ đáng tin cậy giữa giá trị Ct và nồng độ ban đầu của M. Hiệu suất khuếch đại (E%) là 90,02% càng khang định hiệu quả của bộ kit trong việc khuếch đại DNA mục tiêu. Kết quả kiểm tra sinh tin học của primer cũng cho thấy bộ kit đặc hiệu hoan toàn với tác nhân M. Mặc khác nghiên cứu cũng cho thay bộ kit thử nghiệm có khả năng phát hiện sự hiện diện M.
hyopneumoniae trên các mẫu đương tính với có độ chính xác cao với độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu chân đoán đạt đến 100%, giá trị dự đoán âm tính và dương tính cũng đạt 100%; mặc khác, bộ kit thử nghiệm cũng có sự ồn định trong phát hiện ra M. hyopneumoniae khi có hệ số biến động (CV%) giữa 3 lần lặp lại các mẫu dương tính từ 1. Đồng thời, bộ kit cũng có thé phát hiện sự hiện diện của Ä⁄. hyopneumoniae trên các nền mẫu đối chứng.
Tuy nhiên, nghiên cứu về độ đặc hiệu sau khi thực hiện Realtime-PCR đã phát hiện có sự phản ứng không đặc hiệu đối với chủng vi khuẩn E.coli trong các chung vi khuẩn và virus thường hiện diện trên heo được kiểm tra, với Ct dao động từ 29.74, cho thấy bộ kit thử nghiệm này tuy có khả năng phát hiện M hyopneumoniae, nhưng cần phải cải thiện thêm về độ không đặc hiệu đối với E.coli dé có thé đưa vào thương mại trên thị trường. Từ khóa: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, M.H, Kit thử nghiém, real-time PCR. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABS TRAC D sao sisisigS214 1111330530343838506133618 15520013 3S684333553S1285EESSS.15SE4431553881)483535833E IV THÔN TeT nanhBiggg06E10i0010dh000000608)1TG109/01E080)IEIGG0910:8.000cgSg V TABLE OF CONTENTS nu nanngeng tt gggnggg5001538585406113135.52030 VI LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. LH HH“ HH HH HH HH nhe 1X LIST 9) Dài25110 .ÓẺÓẺẻẻốố X LIST OF FIGURE 8 nsiibitnobiipotisbiieböSb1S0436353)EHSSES4580463953888g:58EkEL4016153g63i38558oizgbxsesossasazl XI CHAPTER.
1 l¿i, HAPOAGCHOD erccccarssenevensesensnsansnnavacerseasawanainssannesus seneeeasieasonennssvsaneeeeeneanunscmamatenceve 1 VY of this no .- Ăn HH HH HH HH HH rệt 3 Qala MYCOPIGSING HJGPH€UHIHOHÙHE quang guangu ddtdddRLStioBsisdSBGIi80L8V401631548619513801680000dg 3 2. Basic biological characteristics of M. Basic genomic characteristics of M. Clinical Syndromes and Pathogenesis of Mycoplasmal pneumonia.
Adherence and colonisation by M.cccceccecceseeseeteeseeseeceeseeeeneesenes 10 2A J 2 Clinical Cid StS soesssspngtosetregiaiiGCIIICDEDIHLISSSADIISVBUSGIOGVSRGIGHHSSHSRQCIEGIGISEĐAEGtSSBI 10 242. Bacterial ISGÌAEOTHsssasscsssecnttkevbisid03i1661-580EMLEGgES014B8SS04GLESĐRSERLASSSSSĐ. SECO RICAl LESÌssssassnibeierieiesiE1A60545EE004EE8SESESSUSS8.g99g89g139SĐĐ0ĐSDE4SSES-EXSMgEuĐ33093gi09388gS8 11 DAA, EliprEesoerit: aiiDOIẨM ssesssseseaesseesdbneoginkioiogbstdigodidbutgtidstpdsdhoniirgoosoiisgczmgikoeggurildiisdEg/10e 11 245. Polymerase chai feactr6ii( PCR) wecsnrneneseveneureneusaenmenurcensearnmmumer memes 11 2.
Real-time PCR technique. Real-time PCR using intercalating fluorescent dyes. Real- time PCR using probes (Probe). Some factors affecting Real-time PCR reactIon.
Some concepts used in Real-time PCR reaction. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY. Timeand location of the reseateh srcoscscesuscusausssesesvessansazuexeavearvesrsacsuesvesunaxvonss 19 VI 3 Matetials Of tHe fGSGBTGH snccsnewneasonapsswnoneanenenssaneannenananennsuanseny tousrenasneewranuamennenss 19 3. _ CNGSTGH WGEKIOWW sesso css ca cesses sxorensenniens sanansansansnabansasaniesn tanta đ1A56002003.
Checking the primer specificity by bioinformatics soffware. Sample pretreatment DfOC€C[UC.- ---- 2 +22 222222 1*23£231E2EE22EEEEESEEEEErkrrkervre 21 SA., DNA: Sai ple GSBGHUÍHsaueansenbinbibidioiiSibSE10160030983803ES.RUESSSHSS4GGEBEQGHGHSSHSRRIGUSHE-SDERHG50I28 21 3. Real-time PCR reaCtIOT.-- --- c5 2 1E 1 1T n TT TT nh TH HH như 21 SAS. II{€ffifetatiöfiiGET€BSUIHS suseudoeididtiidibilioigildtitboitiliigiabilifsois3gtstiigiitdbiiiisoRstaaa 22 3.
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Results:of thestudy ssseessseseiseeestemasertidnobiiGBiueregaiyolgtilstoebtksotogsSkgpgdo2eSpobseertgosl 27 4. Checking the primer specificity by bioinformatics software. Determine the limit of detection (LOD) of the trial kĩt. Testing analytical specificity.
Evaluation of the diagnostic performance of the trial kit for the detection of M. hyopneumoniae in field samples. Evaluation of the accuracy of the trial kit for the detection of M., WV OPNREUMONI GE soccvorcsscreneseannesciwavareenwesessoenivencenvatavstans ori tees kuveueua tavepunseunceexsbonnaventies 31 4. Assessment of the stability of the trial kit for the detection of M.
hyopneumoniae AS SE, Ee ESAS tee Tare, ae hs cles eee ee ots a 32 4. Specificity, diagnostic sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the trial 3 1T. Survey the kit's detection of M. hyopneumoniae on field samples.
34 AA, DHGUSSIGHssiceoedcididoebdinoitoioioioksiilSBSGIBE105ASSSESXSSASESESASSSWSSSSSSSĐSSESSSNGHĐISS8215886ã 34 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS. Conclusion cana acmsnramieeirEs EE ES 36 5:2, Recommendations sercssscsessomsnsresceneemunaceramacenimamerna sso mvenemmaunanseracas 36 vil REFERENCES APPENDIX. vill LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction EP: Enzootic Pneumonia PPR: Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia M.H: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae OIE: Office International des Epizooties NCBI: National Center for Biotechnology Information LOD: Limited of Detection TCVN: Viet Nam standard CV: Coefficient of Variation LLC.: Limited Liability Company Specificity Sensivity No Template Control Positive Predictive Value Negative Predictive Value Base pair Kilobasepair Acid Deoxyribonucleoic 1X LIST OF TABLES Table 3.
Interpretation of results inc. sessuscasesanassessdesivonewnasem sasreauuensimuskabeamnancaumautenateas 22 Table 3. Evaluation of negative and positive results of the test kit based on the reference standard. Ct value of diluted MZ hyopneumoniae Plasmid DNA concentrations of 3 fc CIC i eeee Ung Table 4.
Ct value results for the specificity test of the experimental kit with only DAI. Ct value of samples were positive for MZ hyopneumoniae of 3 replicates .32 LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 2. Circular diagram of the M hyopneumoniae genome structure. Error! Bookmark not defined.--------~- Error! Bookmark not defined.
Lymphocytes and histiocytes infiltrate the bronchiolar lamina propria and peribronchiolar and alveolar interstitium. Error! Bookmark not defined. Schematic representation of M. hyopneumoniae adhesion to swine ciliated respiratory epithe ln.
Mechanism of action of SYBR Green | dye. Schematic of TaqMan (5’ nuclease) assay. Error! Bookmark not defined. Procedure for conducting research to evaluate the test kit's capabilities.
Bioinformatics test results of the prIM€T. Bioinformatics test results of nucleotide sequence compar1son. The standard curve represents the correlation between the Ct value and Log10 of the initial M. hyopneumoniae DNA plasmid concentration.
Error! Bookmark not defined. Results of testing the specificity of the ZopSPEC® = Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae gPCR KIT kit on the HEX color channel.Error! Bookmark _ not defined. Results of testing the specificity of the TopSPEC® Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae qPCR KIT on the FAM color channel. Stability graph of the three replicates of M.
hyopneumoniae positive samples generated using Microsoft Excel 365 software. Introduction Although Vietnam's pig farming industry has experienced marked advancements in recent years, propelling the country's economic development, it now has to deal with a multifaceted challenge of numerous infectious diseases caused by both well- established and emergent pathogens (Nguyen Ngoc Hai and Dao Tien Duy, 2018). In which porcine enzootic pneumonia (EP), caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, has caused a major economic loss to the swine industry (Maes ef a/., 2018) due to costs of treatment and vaccination, decreased feed conversion rate, and increased mortality resulting from secondary infections (Holst e/ a/. The first case of porcine pleuropneumonia (PPR) was reported in Vietnam 1n 1997 by the Department of Animal Health (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development).
The causative agent, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, was first isolated from pigs in Hung Yen Province. The disease has since spread to other provinces and cities across Vietnam, including Hanoi, Hai Duong, Nam Dinh, Thai Binh, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Nam, Dong Nai, and Ho Chi Minh City (Long ef a/. Although a commercially available vaccine protects pigs against M. hyopneumoniae (Chuong ef ai, 2019), timely detection of outbreaks remains challenging, hindering prompt and effective farm management.