MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY-HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES GRADUATION THESIS EVALUATION FOR SPECIFICITY AND SENSITIVITY OF TopSPEC® PEDV RT-qPCR kit Majors : BIOTECHNOLOGY Student : LE THI TUYET NGA Student code : 19126252 Academic year : 2019 - 2023 Thu Duc city, 02/2024 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards the Board of Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City and the Board of Faculty of Biological Sciences for creating the most favorable conditions for me to finish this study First, I’m grateful to my advisor, PhD Dinh Xuan Phat, whose expertise and talents were very helpful in developing the approach and research topics. His perceptive criticism helped me to improve my work and forced me to think more critically. Next, I would like to thank Mr. MiMi, and the Bio313 laboratory personnel for their assistance and companionship in helping me overcome obstacles and hurdles in order to do my responsibilities for this project.
Finally, I am grateful to my parents for their unwavering support, listening, and faith throughout the years. At my greatest and worst moments, they are there for me constantly. Finally, without the help of my friends, who participated to the debates for my graduation thesis, I could not have finished my dissertation. Even if I'm still far from perfect and haven't thanked everyone enough, I hope those who have really assisted me are doing well and have success in their careers.
CONFIRMATION COMMITMENT My name is Le Thi Tuyet Nga, Student ID: 19126252, Class: DH19SHC, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City. I guarantee that this research was conducted by myself and that the results presented are utterly truthful and Thu Duc City, February 2024 Student’s signature ABSTRACT The topic research "Evaluation for specificity and sensitivity of TopSPEC® PEDV RI-qPCR KIT for detection the presence of PEDV in pigs” was conducted to test the effectiveness detection of the JopSPEC® PEDV RT-qPCR KIT to Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus (PEDV) through evaluating the specificity and sensitivity of the the trial kit on field samples. In this study, the limit of detection (LOD) of the the trial kit was 50 copies/reaction and specificity amplification to PEDV and there was no non-amplification to 6 types of bacteria and 3 types of virus. The standard curve of this kit was conducted with parameters of a slope of -3.6223, a linear correlation (R’) of 0.
In the same study, the test kit was able to detect PEDV presence on the background of high-precision in 82 field samples with diagnostic sensitivity and specificity reached 100%, negative and positive predictive values also reached 100%; at the same time, the the trial kit also had stability in detecting PEDV when there was a coefficient of fluctuation (CV%) of 3 repetitions using positive samples from 0% to 13% in FAM signal (Pathogen) and 0% to 14% in HEX signal (IC). Therefore, the trial kit could be used to detect the presence of PEDV and routine diagnosis in veterinary fields. Keywords: /imit of detection, PEDV, real-time PCR (qPCR), specificity, the trial kit. TÓM TẮT Đề tài “Đánh giá độ đặc hiệu và độ nhạy của bộ kit thử nghiệm TopSPEC® PEDV RT-qPCR KIT” được tiến hành nhằm kiểm tra hiệu quả khuếch dai của bộ kit thử nghiệm TopSPEC® PEDV RT-qPCR KIT trong việc phát hiện Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus (PEDV) dựa trên đánh giá độ đặc hiệu, độ nhạy của bộ kit thử nghiệm.
Trong nghiên cứu này đã xác định thành công được giới han phát hiện (LOD) của bộ kit thử nghiệm là 50 copies/phản ứng và khuếch đại đặc hiệu đối với PEDV và không có phản ứng không đặc hiệu nào đối với 6 chủng vi khuan và 3 chủng virus. Đường chuẩn của bộ kit thử nghiệm được xây dựng với các thông số: hệ số đốc (Slope) -3,6223, hệ sỐ tương quan R? = 0,9947 và hiệu quả khuếch đại (E%) 89%. Cũng trong nghiên cứu này, bộ kit thử nghiệm có khả năng phát hiện sự hiện diện PEDV trên 82 mẫu thực địa có độ chính xác cao với độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu chân đoán đạt đến 100%, giá trị đự đoán âm tính và dương tính cũng đạt 100%; đồng thời, bộ kit thử nghiệm còn có độ ôn định trong việc phát hiện PEDV khi có hệ số dao động (CV%) giữa 3 lần lặp lại mẫu đương tính từ 0% đến 13% ở kênh mau FAM (mam bệnh) và 0% đến 14% ở kênh màu HEX (IC). Tom lại, nghiên cứu này cho thấy bộ kit thử nghiệm này có thé sử dụng trong việc chan đoán thường qui phát hiện sự hiện diện của PEDV.
Từ khóa: độ đặc hiệu, giới hạn phát hiện, kit thử nghiệm, PEDV, real-time PCR (qPCR). TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS00157575. 1 CONFIRMATION COMMITMENT se szesszseoseesseeoseisoeodbgadinlb34olxSg4bg01450010i600 40g00. 1 FBS TRIAG I ennsstnorsnidtnirtSEtGS0S0S0G03815G003GG9NS10Ợ3N90NSEĐ11N0NGDRGSSWGUUEHHGIGIGIMSSRIGGGHHEDI5SGI30MG000030810030101 11 ¡0v -.
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Reverse transcription Real-time PCT. Evaluation of the specificity and sensitivity of TopSPEC® PEDV RT-qPCR kit ee 17 3. Evaluation of the specificity of the trial KIẨ.- --- 5-55 +++ss+ss+eesrsreesreess 17 3. Determine the limit of detection (LOÏD).
Evaluating the detectability of PEDV in field samples.-- --- 55-5 5<+ 18 24:9› 124188118 lý Š eee ene ee ee ee ee 19 CHAPTER 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. I5, ARE SULES: stsemesscesscsteraustiecttatetrs seman natal rine ta mie ini oe Sa 20 4. Evaluating of the specificity of the trial KIt.2 Determination for the limit of detection (LOID).
Evaluating the ability detection PEDV in field samples. Evaluating the ability of detection PEDV by the trial kit and commercial kit. Evaluate the stability of the the trial kit in detecting PEDV.3 Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, negative and positive predictive values25 K5) 1SGIRETTTszssssc2128x06222805Sb:cd103i28g53048G5ggo6:tieRgsStlliBstGostibgsgadgcBggtujtgBielqdlgaszsggbgaiosacbitsse 26 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDA TION.
29 5a, CUOI G LUIS OT esse ores ear reinetaemeae a oe oa menses Soerarsie ees E eae 29 5.22 RECOMMMEHIST ON sesiisiissisiiitiL1680460356840636036430.88 29 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Ct : Cycle threshold DNA : Deoxyribonucleic acid : Ribonucleic Acid IC : Internal control ORF : Open reading frame PCR : Polymerase Chain Reaction RT-PCR : Reverse Transcript Polymerase Chain Reaction RT-qPCR : Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction PCV2 : Porcine Circovirus type 2 PRRSV : Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ASFV : African swine fever virus PEDV : Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus LIST OF TABLES Table 3. Evaluating of results qPCR to detect PEDV. Determination of TP, TN, FP, and FN of the trial kit. Ct values of diluted PEDV RNA plasmid concentrations of 3 repetitions.21 LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 2.
Genome and virion structure of PEIDV. Several transmission routes of PEDV Infection. Four-day-old pig from farm 1 with acute porcine epidemic diarrhea. SYBR Green during PCR amplificat1on.- --- 5-5 s++ss++s=+s>+eczzss+ 10 Figure 2.
Principlewt Tag Matt a8 Say ecsccccere sce ce cmeee cama some raeme eeu raaeuee: 11 Figure 2. The general PCR amplification CUTV€. Specific evaluation of the qPCR test for PEDV detection. Determine the PEDV RT-qPCR kit's LOI.
Standard curve of PEDV RT-qPCR kit at 7 point concentrations. The result to detect PEDV in field samples of two PEDV RT-qPCR kit. Result of PEDV detection test on negative samples of PEDV RT-qPCR kit. Introduction The pig industry is an important agricultural sector in Vietnam, providing food for the population.
The pig industry is not only an essential source of food for the people, but it has additionally been an important part in economic development. Pig farming assists people in increasing their income and resolving job issues. Nevertheless, our country's farm animals company confronts several challenges, including degradation of the environment, dropping pricing, the usage of prohibited drugs, antibiotic oversupply, and a variety of other issues and and among them we can mention: “epidemic”. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) is a non-zoonotic viral illness that affects pigs and is characterized by watery diarrhea and weight loss.
According to OIE TECHNICAL FACTSHEET (OIE) in 2014, it affected pigs of all ages, but most severely the neonatal piglets, with morbidity and mortality exceeding 100% and decreasing with age. PEDV is belonging to the family Coronaviridae, the genus Alphacoronavirus. The PED epidemic has resulted in significant economic losses for the worldwide pig sector, particularly Vietnam (Tien ef a/. Dang ef al., 2016 found that PEDV infection usually spread among pigs of different ages in the following sequence: fattening/replacement pigs were first infected, then the virus accumulated and infected pregnant sows, bringing the virus to the delivery room; the subclinical infected sows then transmitted PEDV to the suckling piglets, resulting in an eventual epidemic among the piglets (Zhang ef a/.
As aresult, PEDV’s detection is important for controlling the spread of viruses on pig farms. Today, there are many methods used to develop pathogens, including real- time PCR. The Real-time PCR technology for diagnosing and identifying infections provide speedy, accurate, and cost-effective findings that are appropriate for our country's research and application requirements. The topic " Evaluation for specificity and sensitivity of TopSPEC® PEDV RT-qPCR KIT for detection the presence of PEDV in pigs " was performed.
Objective Successfully evaluating the specificity and sensitivity of TopSPEC® PEDV RT- qPCR kit to detect the presence of PEDV in pigs. Contents Content 1: Evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the TopSPEC® PEDV RT- qPCR kit. Content 2: Use two experimental and controlled Realtime PCR_ kits (commercially available) to survey the presence of PEDV. Introduction to PEDV 2.
Structure of PEDV Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a single-stranded RNA virus with an envelope that belongs to the genus A/phacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae of the order Nidovirales. S protein, which dominates the surface of virus particles and promotes direct attachment to cell receptors, is a significant target to produce neutralizing antibodies among the four PEDV structural proteins, including spike protein (S), envelope protein (E), membrane protein (M), and nucleocapsid protein (N) (Chang ef al., 2002; Wicht ef al. Pun Lee TT+ pptab Lol I Pu I Jed 7 ee eT 3 4 5 $6 79910 12 13 14 +5 +16 E (7 kDa) ⁄ SSS > aA) 4 M (27-32 kDa) ‹{ ———=Kkeeeneekee oe A) 5 c> ae, =. Genome and virion structure of PEDV (Lee, 2015).
The PEDV genome is approximately long of 28 kb, with a 5' cap and a 3' polyadenylated tail, and it contains a 5' UTR, at least 7 open reading frames (ORF la, ORF 1b, and ORF 2 - 6), and a 3' UTR. The two major ORFs 1a and 1b, which code for nonstructural proteins (nsps), occupy the 5'-proximal two-thirds of the genome (Figure 2. A single N protein encapsulates the PEDV genome, generating a long and helical coil shape that is enveloped in a lipid envelope comprising three surface-associated structural proteins, S, M, and E (Figure 2.