THE STATE BANK OF VIETNAM BANKING ACADEMY BANKING FACULTY GRADUATION THESIS TOPIC: IMPROVEMENTS IN CREDIT QUALITY AT SAIGON - HANOI JOINT STOCK COMMERCIAL BANK STUDENT’S NAME: HOANG THI VAN ANH CLASS: K21CLCA ACADEMIC YEARS: 2018 - 2022 STUDENT’S ID: 21A4010676 SUPERVISOR: DR. LE HAI TRUNG HANOI, MAY 2022 ASSURANCE I assert that this is my research. The information relating to the data which I use for my thesis is true and collected by myself. The information, which is belonged to other authors, is fully quoted in the references.
I will take full responsibility if there is any fraud in my thesis. Hanoi, May 20nd, 2022 Student Hoang Thi Van Anh i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly, I would like to express my sincerest thanks to my lecturer, Dr. Le Hai Trung. He enthusiastically guided and gave me the most useful advice for me to complete my thesis.
Secondly, I would like to thank the Board of Directors as well as staff at Saigon - Hanoi Commercial Joint Stock Bank for creating favofavorableditions for me to access data and business performance of your bank. In the process of working on the thesis, because I have many limitations in knowledge, it is difficult to avoid errors and defects. So I'm looking forward to hearing opinions from everyone. Thank you! Hanoi, May, 20nd, 2022 Student Hoang Thi Van Anh ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ASSURANCE.
ii LIST OF TABLES. vi LIST OF FIGURES. The necessity of the subject:. Research objectives and tasks:.
Research subject and scope:. The structure of the topic. 4 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF CREDIT QUALITY. Overview of bank credit.
The definition of bank credit:. The nature of bank credit:. The roles of bank credit:. The overview of bank credit quality.
Definition of the credit quality of commercial banks. Criteria for assessing the credit quality of commercial banks. Factors affecting credit quality of commercial banks. Experiences in improving credit quality from other commercial banks.
Vietbank Joint Stock Commercial Bank. Vietinbank Joint Stock Commercial Bank. 15 CHAPTER 2: CREDIT QUALITY AT THE SAIGON-HANOI COMMERCIAL JOINT STOCK BANK (SHB). The development of the Sai Gon – Ha Noi Commercial Joint Stock Bank.
The structure of the organization. SHB’s business performance from 2019 to 2021. Capital mobilizing activities:. Results of business activities.
The credit quality at SHB in the period of 2019 - 2021. SHB’s credit products:. Assessment of credit quality at SHB from 2019 to 2021. 40 CHAPTER 3: SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE CREDIT QUALITY.
Development orientation of credit activities of Saigon – Hanoi Commercial Bank from 2021 to 2023:. Solutions to improve credit quality at SHB:. Solutions affecting the credit-granting process:. Improving the knowledge and quality of the credit officers.
Recommendations for the Government:. Recommendations for the State Bank:. 52 v LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE Table 1.1: Structure of mobilized capital at SHB in the period 2019 – 20 2021 Table 1.2: Structure of income from SHB's activities in the period of 22 2019-2021 Table 1.3: SHB’s credit products 25 Table 1.4: Structure of SHB’s non – performing loans between 2019 36 and 2021 Table 1.5: SHB’s provision for credit risk from 2019 to 2021 37 vi LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE Figure 1.1: The structure of SHB 19 Figure 1.2: Structure of income from SHB's activities in the 24 period of 2019-2021 Figure 1.3: The growth rate of the loan portfolio 29 Figure 1.4: Outstanding loans of economic entities and individuals 30 in the period 2019 – 2021 Figure 1.5: Outstanding loan by term of SHB from 2019 to 2021 31 Figure 1.6: Outstanding loans by business lines of SHB in the period 32 of 2019-2021 Figure 1.7: Overdue debt ratios of SHB in the period 2019-2021 33 Figure 1.8: Non – performing loans from 2019 to 2021 35 Figure 1.9: SHB’s Net interest income growth rate from 2019 to 38 2021 vii INTRODUCTION 1. The necessity of the subject: The commercial banking system plays a crucial function in any country, as it is the lifeblood of the economy and all social activities.
Furthermore, the commercial banking sector is critical in concentrating capital resources for national growth. Moreover, the bank must not only continue to develop, adapt, and survive, but also assist the government and the state bank in running and fostering economic development by performing normal commercial bank functions such as credit and payment intermediary functions. The credit intermediary function, in particular, is what distinguishes commercial banks and has the largest impact on their economy. Commercial banks also serve as a "bridge" between economic actors, transporting idle funds from those with excess capital to those in need.
Commercial banks' credit activities are the most essential of all their operations. As a result, credit quality is always an issue of staying alive or staying in business that any bank must consider throughout its existence and development. During my internship at SHB, I discovered that credit quality is the most pressing issue in the bank's operations. Throughout its existence, the branch has paid close attention to the subject of credit quality consolidation and improvement.
Credit quality, on the other hand, has not been totally assured due to a variety of objective and subjective criteria. For my paper, I chose the topic "Improving credit quality at SHB" based on the preceding suggestions. Literature review: There has been an extensive body of research on the issue of credit quality management by scholars, economists, and policymakers in Vietnam and abroad concerning several theoretical and practical issues. An overview of those studies is presented in the following section: The research by Duong Thi Hoan (2019) focused on determining factors affecting credit in Vietnam commercial banks.
The author used quantitative and qualitative methods to point out the factors which affect credit quality in Vietnam are 1 credit staff, credit policy, the capacity of management, the bank’s technology, credit process, risk management, and the mobilized capital. Even though the author showed some solutions to improve the credit quality for commercial banks in Vietnam, it was quite cursory. Moreover, the author just looked into the internal of the bank, which made the research leak diversity. The article which was written by Mai Quynh (2020) showed the main solution by VietinBank is restructuring the bank system for safe and long-lasting developments.
Furthermore, the bank also manages the credit risk fully with international practices, requirements according to Basel II, and regulations of the State bank in Circular 13. The article just reported the ratios, which evaluated the credit quality of Vietinbank and the improvements of the bank’s credit quality without throughout studying the causes of those ratios. Rita Yuniarti and partners (2022) research not only internal factors but also external factors before and during the pandemic. The results revealed that the disbursement credit of lending activities was not based on bank officials' knowledge of the nature of the debtor's business and the main factors in the lending activities are borrowers’ economic activities and their faith.
The author also showed that Bank Rakyat was still in good condition during the pandemic and this bank also included human resources in the work unit. The study presented factors affecting the credit quality including internal factors and external factors, but the research did not bring out any solutions to improve the credit quality. Credit commitments that affect credit quality were investigated by Laivi Laidroo and Kadri Mannasoo (2017). The authors concentrated on credit growth concerns and off-balance sheet loan commitments with the potential for excessive growth.
Credit quality was studied at both macro and micro levels in a survey of 28 European countries from 2004 to 2014, as well as a survey of 478 European banks from 2004 2 to 2013. The results of the dynamic panel data estimation show that a rise in the credit commitments to total assets ratio is a warning sign of rising non-performing loans and loan loss reserves. Simultaneous equation estimation shows how the credit boom scenario has a negative impact on credit quality due to credit commitments. When compared to standard credit quality indicators, credit obligations have a considerable economic impact on credit quality (real GDP growth and real growth in loans).
In general, those researches and articles did state factors that affect the credit quality of the bank, and some authors exposed some solutions for providing the bank’s credit quality. However, it is still lacking, so in this thesis, I will go into the details of factors affecting credit quality at the bank and bring out not only solutions but also some recommendations to improve the credit quality at SHB. Research objectives and tasks: - Objectives of the study: The study aims at analyzing the credit quality at SHB and proposing solutions to improve credit quality. - Research tasks: Summarizing and systematizing theoretical frameworks on credit quality management at commercial banks.
Proposing feasible and scientifically-based solutions improve the credit quality of SHB. - Research questions: + What is credit quality? What factors affect credit quality at commercial banks? What are the criteria for assessing credit quality? + What are the solutions to improve credit quality at SHB? 4. Research subject and scope: - Subject of the study: The thesis focuses on credit quality in credit activities of SHB. - Scope of the study: + Research location: The thesis studies credit quality at SHB.
+ Research duration: The data analysis of the thesis mainly focuses on the period from 2019 to 2021. Solutions, proposals, and recommendations are intended for implementation up to 2030. Research methodology: The research use 2 basic methods: 3 - Theoretical synthesis method to collect theoretical information related to the research topic. - Statistical analysis method to process the collected data from reality.
In addition to using the above 3 methods, I also refer to some documents on credit activities at commercial banks. The structure of the topic The content of this thesis is divided into three main chapters as follows: CHAPTER 1: Overview of credit quality. CHAPTER 2: Current status of operations and credit quality at SHB. CHAPTER 3: The solutions to improve the credit quality 4 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF CREDIT QUALITY 1.
Overview of bank credit 1. The definition of bank credit: The word “credit” comes from the Latin “credo”, which means trust between people. With the trust, people will perform borrowing - lending relationships with an amount of money or material in a certain time. Although it has been existing for a long time, people still haven't agreed on a definition of credit, but regardless of how it's defined, credit has three main characteristics: temporality, repayment with a bigger initial value, and trust between funders and capital users.
Bank credit can be a more advanced definition of credit. The bank operates under the supervision and management of the law, the government, acting as a bridge, or an intermediary to hold out credit lending activities for the economy and limit the case of usury, spontaneous and unorganized loans which cause negative consequences to the society. Therefore, bank credit activities can be understood as a variety of credit transactions, where lenders are banks that provide capital to borrowers who are other individuals, economic and socio-political organizations supported by strict regulations which set forth by banks similarly to government agencies, consistent with the principles of borrowing with an unconditional return of both capital and interest as stipulated within the agreement between the parties. The nature of bank credit: In the economy, credit activities have a close relationship with the production and the trading of goods.
Although there are differences in capital needs between production industries and business activities, these activities are always associated with capital needs. However, with the difference in capital needs or the time capital are needed, there are several times when capital in the market is insufficient or redundant, unable to meet the needs of production and business entities on time.