Travel Agency and Tour Operations Business Student Handbook Class XII CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi-110301 Travel Agency and Tour Operations Business i Travel Agency and Tour Operations Business Student Handbook, Class XII Price: ` 95/- First Edition : April 2016, CBSE Copies : 1500 Paper Used : 80 Gsm CBSE Water Mark White Maplitho “This Book or part thereof may not be reproduced by any person or agency in any manner.” PUBLISHED BY : The Secretary, Central Board of Secondary Education, Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi-110092 DESIGN, LAYOUT : A-One Offset Printers, 5/34 Kirti Nagar, New Delhi-110015 & Phone : 25414260 PRINTED BY Hkkjr dk lafo/ku mísf'kdk 1 ge] Hkkjr ds yksx] Hkkjr dks ,d lEiw.kZ izHkqRo&laiUu lektoknh iaFkfujis{k yksdra=kkRed x.kjkT; cukus ds fy,] rFkk mlds leLr ukxfjdksa dks% lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuSfrd U;k;] fopkj] vfHkO;fDr] fo'okl] /eZ vkSj mikluk dh Lora=krk] izfr"Bk vkSj volj dh lerk izkIr djkus ds fy, rFkk mu lc esa O;fDr dh xfjek 2 vkSj jk"Vª dh ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk lqfuf'pr djus okyh ca/qrk c<+kus ds fy, n`<+ladYi gksdj viuh bl lafo/ku lHkk esa vkt rkjh[k 26 uoEcj] 1949 bZñ dks ,rn~}kjk bl lafo/ku dks vaxhÑr] vf/fu;fer vkSj vkRekfiZr djrs gSaA 1- lafo/ku (c;kyhloka la'kks/u) vf/fu;e] 1976 dh /kjk 2 }kjk (3-1-1977) ls ¶izHkqRo&laiUu yksdra=kkRed x.kjkT;¸ ds LFkku ij izfrLFkkfirA 2- lafo/ku (c;kyhloka la'kks/u) vf/fu;e] 1976 dh /kjk 2 }kjk (3-1-1977) ls ¶jk"Vª dh ,drk¸ ds LFkku ij izfrLFkkfirA Hkkx 4 d ewy dÙkZO; 51 d- ewy dÙkZO; & Hkkjr ds izR;sd ukxfjd dk ;g dÙkZO; gksxk fd og & (d) lafo/ku dk ikyu djs vkSj mlds vkn'kksZa] laLFkkvksa] jk"Vªèot vkSj jk"Vªxku dk vknj djs_ ([k) Lora=krk ds fy, gekjs jk"Vªh; vkanksyu dks izsfjr djus okys mPp vkn'kksZa dks ân; esa latks, j[ks vkSj mudk ikyu djs_ (x) Hkkjr dh izHkqrk] ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk dh j{kk djs vkSj mls v{kq.k j[ks_ (?k) ns'k dh j{kk djs vkSj vkg~oku fd, tkus ij jk"Vª dh lsok djs_ (Ä) Hkkjr ds lHkh yksxksa esa lejlrk vkSj leku Hkzkr`Ro dh Hkkouk dk fuekZ.k djs tks /eZ] Hkk"kk vkSj izns'k ;k oxZ ij vk/kfjr lHkh HksnHkko ls ijs gksa] ,slh izFkkvksa dk R;kx djs tks fL=k;ksa ds lEeku ds fo#¼ gSa_ (p) gekjh lkekfld laLÑfr dh xkSjo'kkyh ijaijk dk egÙo le>s vkSj mldk ifjj{k.k djs_ (N) izkÑfrd i;kZoj.k dh ftlds varxZr ou] >hy] unh] vkSj oU; tho gSa] j{kk djs vkSj mldk lao/Zu djs rFkk izk.kh ek=k ds izfr n;kHkko j[ks_ (t) oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k] ekuookn vkSj KkuktZu rFkk lq/kj dh Hkkouk dk fodkl djs_ (>) lkoZtfud laifÙk dks lqjf{kr j[ks vkSj fgalk ls nwj jgs_ (×k) O;fDrxr vkSj lkewfgd xfrfof/;ksa ds lHkh {ks=kksa esa mRd"kZ dh vksj c<+us dk lrr iz;kl djs ftlls jk"Vª fujarj c<+rs gq, iz;Ru vkSj miyfC/ dh ubZ mapkb;ksa dks Nw ys_ 1 (V) ;fn ekrk&firk ;k laj{kd gS] Ng o"kZ ls pkSng o"kZ rd dh vk;q okys vius] ;FkkfLFkfr] ckyd ;k izfrikY; ds fy;s f'k{kk ds volj iznku djsA 1- lafo/ku (N;klhoka la'kks/u) vf/fu;e] 2002 dh /kjk 4 }kjk izfrLFkkfirA Travel Agency and Tour Operations Business THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA PREAMBLE WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a 1SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens : JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the2 unity and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION. Subs, by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act. 2, for "Sovereign Democratic Republic” (w. Subs, by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act.
2, for "unity of the Nation” (w.1977) THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA Chapter IV A FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES ARTICLE 51A Fundamental Duties - It shall be the duty of every citizen of India- (a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; (b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; (c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; (d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so; (e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women; (f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; (g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, wild life and to have compassion for living creatures; (h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform; (i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence; (j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement; 1 (k) to provide opportunities for education to his/her child or, as the case may be, ward between age of 6 and 14 years. by the Constitution (Eighty - Sixth Amendment) Act, 2002 iv Preface Tourism is now recognized as being an economic activity of many nations in the world. India is second to none in the world in having most attractive tourism destinations for all time for all types of tourists around calendar year. As the importance of the activity has increased, the attention has been given to it by Indian Governments and other various organizations in both the public and private sectors, and academics.
At the same time, the new millennium has witnessed the continued growth of interest in how people spend their spare time, especially their leisure time and non-work time. Some commentators have gone as far as to suggest that it is leisure time – how ZH XVH LW DQG LWV PHDQLQJ WR LQGLYLGXDOV DQG IDPLOLHV ± WKDW GH¿QHV RXU OLYHV DV D IRFXV IRU KROLGD\ DFWLYLW\ 7KLV UHÀHFWV D JURZLQJ LQWHUHVW LQ ZKDW SHRSOH FRQVXPH in these holidays, particularly those times that are dedicated to travel and holidays which are more concentrated periods of leisure time. This interest is becoming an international phenomenon known as ‘tourism’: the use of this leisure time to visit different places, destinations and localities which often (but not exclusively) feature in the holidays and trips people take in. It has given enormous opportunity for tourism business and lot of scope for establishing service providers like travel agency and tour operators.
In this direction, Government of India has taken several steps in past few decades to develop tourism professionals to cater the needs of emerging demand for trained manpower for tourism industry. The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), New Delhi also joined hand in inculcating and preparing students to join tourism industry as professionals. In this direction, this book is an introduction to understand the functions and operational mechanism of travel agency and tour operations. This book also plans to provide a comprehensive introduction to the tourism industry to encourage further study and to stimulate interest in the subject area.
The faculties of the Department of Toursim Studies, School of Management, Pondicherry University (Central University), Puducherry have involved in writing this book. Pranjal Kumar Mahanta and Mr. Rohit Borlikar, Ph. scholars, have worked at back of the screen in bringing out the book.
I extend my heartfelt thanks to my faculty and scholars. Chairman, CBSE Travel Agency and Tour Operations Business v Acknowledgements ADVISORS z Sh. Seshu Kumar, Chairman, CBSE z Sh. Choudhury, Controller of Examinations & Director (V.), CBSE MATERIAL PRODUCTION GROUP z Dr.
Venkata Rao, Associate Professor , Department of Tourism Studies, Pondicherry University, Puducherry - Convener z Dr. Anjaneya Swamy, Professor, Department of Tourism Studies, Pondicherry University, Puducherry z Dr. Sampad Kumar Swain, Professor, Department of Tourism Management, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh z Dr. Jitendra Mohan Mishra, Asstt.
Professor, Department of Tourism Studies, Pondicherry University, Puducherry z Dr. Professor, Department of Tourism Studies, Pondicherry University, Puducherry z Dr. Professor, Department of Tourism Studies, Pondicherry University, Puducherry z Dr. Sherry Abraham, Asstt.
Professor, Department of Tourism Studies, Pondicherry University, Puducherry z Mr. Siva, Guest Faculty, Dept. of Tourism Studies, Pondicherry University, Puducherry EDITING AND COORDINATION z Dr. Venkata Rao , Associate Professor, Department of Toursim Studies, Pondicherry University, Puducherry z Dr.
Biswajit Saha , Additional Director (V.), CBSE vi Contents Unit 1 Introduction to Travel & Tour Operations Business 1 Unit 2 Operations of Travel Agency 15 Unit 3 23 Transport Network Unit 4 Itinerary Planning 36 Unit 5 Tour Packaging & Programming 44 Unit 6 Package Tour Costing 54 Unit 7 Government and Professional Bodies 62 Unit 8 Global Distribution System 83 Travel Agency and Tour Operations Business vii viii UNIT–1 INTRODUCTION TO TRAVEL & TOUR OPERATIONS BUSINESS Unit Overview and Description This unit aims to provide extensive outlook on introduction to travel and tourism business. It will help students understand basics of travel and tour operations business. This unit will impart the following knowledge and skills; 7KH HYROXWLRQ RI PHDQLQJ DQG FRQFHSWV RI WUDYHO EXVLQHVV 7\SHV DQG RUJDQLVDWLRQDO VWUXFWXUH RI WUDYHO DJHQFLHV DQG WRXU RSHUDWRUV 'LIIHUHQFHV EHWZHHQ WUDYHO DJHQFLHV DQG WRXU RSHUDWRUV 0DUNHW WUHQGV DQG WRXULVP EXVLQHVV VFHQDULR %XLVLQHVV ,QWHJUDWLRQ Resource Material One copy of the study material for each participant and Copies of the Observer’s Sheet— for each group and teacher, pen, marker, a set of package tour brochure and computer., Travel Agency and Tour Operations, Sterling Publications, New Delhi., Travel Agency Operations : Concepts and Principles, Kanishka, New Delhi. Travel Agency and Tour Operations Business 1 1.1 Evolution of Travel Business The use of the term travel trade dates back from the early years of the 19th century, but this should not obscure the fact that what we describe today as travel trade (travel agency and tour operation business) was taking place much earlier in history.
Throughout the history, there were travel middlemen who helped the merchants traveling for trade and others who traveled for religious purposes. Let’s trace the historical development in travel trade – in world as well as in India. In 1670, the Grand Tour concept was developed especially for educational purposes. Another major development took place in the year 1730.
Health experts suggested that sea water is found to be useful to cure many diseases. The result was that many resorts around the English Coast were established to attract visitors seeking to cure themselves by sea water. In 1815, steamboat services were introduced from London to Gravesend. One effect of this development was the construction in all major resorts of a pier to accommodate the vessels on their arrival.
In 1820, European cultural centers were opened to British travelers. The rail link was introduced between Liverpool and Manchester in 1830. In 1838, Peninsular and Oriental (P&O) Steam Company introduced steamship services to India and Far East. The 2008 marks the 250th anniversary of Cox & Kings, the longest established travel company in the world.
The company’s history stretches back to May 1758 when Richard Cox was appointed as regimental agent to the Foot Guards, later the Grenadier Guards, by Lord Ligonier during the French and American Indian War. There was not a strict FRGH IRU WKH UROH RI DQ DJHQW LQ HVVHQFH WKH\ DUUDQJHG WKH SD\PHQW RI RI¿FHUV DQG men, organised the provision of clothing, acted as a go between for the buying and VHOOLQJ RI RI¿FHUV¶ FRPPLVVLRQV DQG DFWHG XSRQ DQ\ VSHFLDO UHTXHVWV IURP WKH UHJLPHQWDO DGMXWDQW7KLV UDQJHG IURP WKH VKLSPHQW RI SHUVRQDO HIIHFWV WR WKH UHTXLVLWLRQ RI ZHDSRQV or supplies. Such was Cox’s success that by the end of the 18th century the company acted as agents for 14 cavalry regiments, 64 infantry regiments and 17 militia regiments, becoming the largest military agent for the army. Through partnership with the Drummond family the company had also become involved in banking.
In 1922 the company merged with the Henry S.