ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KINH TẾ PHÙNG NGỌC HẠNH PRINCIPLES TO BUILD CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN VIETNAM CARD INDUSTRY LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: TS. Vũ Huy Thông Th.S Nguyễn Việt Anh Hà Nội – 2005 z ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KINH TẾ PHÙNG NGỌC HẠNH PRINCIPLES TO BUILD CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN VIETNAM CARD INDUSTRY Chuyên ngành: Quản trị kinh doanh Mã số: 60 34 05 LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: TS. Vũ Huy Thông Th.S Nguyễn Việt Anh Hà Nội – 2005 z TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .1 NECESSITY OF THE THESIS .3 KEY RESEARCH AREA .5 CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE THESIS. 4 CHAPTER 2 CUSTOMER LOYATY LITERATURE REVIEW .1 WHAT IS CUSTOMER LOYALTY .1 Customer development process .2 What is customer loyalty ? .3 Customer loyalty and customer satisfaction .4 Customer loyalty is a journey .2 THE BENEFITS OF CUSTOMER LOYALTY .1 The value of Predictability .2 No price of attraction.3 The ease of doing business .4 Word of mouth marketing .3 FIVE PRINCIPLES TO BUILD CUSTOMER LOYALTY .1 People do business with people.3 Value and Assurance.
33 CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN VIETNAM CARD INDUSTRY.1 VIETNAM CARD MARKET OVERVIEW .1 Vietnam card market .2 RESEARCH ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN VIETNAM CARD INDUSTRY .1 Objectives of the research .3 Data analysis and results. 61 CHAPTER 4 RECOMMENDATIONS TO BUILD CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN VIETNAM CARD INDUSTRY .1 DEVELOPE ACTIVITIES THAT SUPPORT PEOPLE DOING BUSINESS WITH PEOPLE .1 Test yourself how well you deal with your customers .2 Understand and effectively use the tool KUHL .3 Take the initiative visiting your customers .2 DEVELOPE ACTIVITIES THAT SUPPORT DIFFERENTIATION .1 Test yourself about your differentiation.1 Always think of something different .3 DEVELOPE ACTIVITIES THAT SUPPORT VALUE AND ASSURANCE .1 Test yourself about your value preposition and assurance .2 Create value preposition for every product line .3 Stand in your customer’s shoes to prepare value preposition .4 Be flexible in delivering values .5 Ensure promises are kept .4 DEVELOPE ACTIVITIES THAT SUPPORT EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION .1 Take a test of your effective communication .2 Prepare well before you meet with your customer .3 Being dedicated during the meet.4 Send thank you note to your customer.6 Survey about customer satisfaction regularly .5 DEVELOPE ACTIVITIES THAT SUPPORT FOCUS .1 Examine your focus .2 Do not apply more favor offer to new customer .3 Focus your resources on current customers. 90 Appendix A – Questionnaire for Vietnam card companies. 91 Appendix B - Questionnaire for Vietnam Card Customers.
95 Appendix C – Sample of Product Installation. 101 Appendix D – List of card vendors participated the survey. 102 Appendix E – List of card customer. 103 vi z LIST OF TABLE Table 3.1 - Vietnam Card Market Size Table 3.2 - Vietnam Card Related Products Table 3.3 - Samples Profiles Table 3.4 – Satisfaction of Performance Table 3.5 – Time of business relationship Table 3.6 – Likelihood of repurchase current card vendor’s products and services Table 3.7–Likelihood of switching to another competing brands when experience poor services Table 3.8 – Likelihood of recommend current card vendor to others Table 3.9 – Relation between customer loyalty building and loyalty rate Table 4.1 – Examine how well you know about your customer Table 4.2 – Understand your customer by asking questions Table 4.3 – Examine your difference Table 4.4 – Examine your value preposition and assurance Table 4.5 - Examine your effective communication Table 4.6 – Examine your focus vii z CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 NECESSITY OF THE THESIS Getting customers to come back again and again is the most important endeavor of every business.
No business can be successful by continually dealing with new customers. Repeat customers are the source of all profit. It is estimated that “acquiring new customers can cost five times more than the cost of satisfying and retaining current customers” *Philip Kotler, 2001+. Loyalty means profitability.
When customers stay longer, they are easier to predict, likely to create emotional bond and recommend us to others. Meanwhile, serving cost reduce as we had experience and knowledge about our customers. Advertising expense is saved as customers already know about us, our products and services. Profit tends to increase and losing customer, especially old one means losing profit.
However, many companies in Vietnamese card industry suffer from high customer churn - they gain new customers only to lose many of them. A statistic research in MK Technology Group, a well-known brand in Vietnamese card industry showed that, “on average, retention rate of a Vietnamese card company is 45% after 5 years.” The number is low. According to International Card Manufacturing Association, average retention rate in 25 leading card 1 z companies is 70%. For companies who pay great focus and efforts on building customer loyalty, this rate may reach 80%.
Surveys have shown that, Vietnam card companies generally aware the cost of losing customers, the benefits as well as the necessity of building customer loyalty. However, activities to earn customer loyalty are currently poorly conducted and how to build it effectively is still a question.2 PURPOSE The thesis has provided Vietnam card companies with an overview of customer loyalty theory, the necessity and the benefits of building customer loyalty. A survey was also conducted to help card companies have some ideas about current loyalty rate in Vietnam card market. The most essential part suggests some recommendation, guidelines to help Vietnam card companies effectively achieve customer loyalty.3 KEY RESEARCH AREA The thesis studies customer loyalty theory, opinions and experiences from different researchers and industries leaders.
How to customize the theory to successfully apply in Vietnam card industry. Chapter two of the thesis is a research on Vietnam card industry with two main objectives: 1. To assess customer loyalty building activities. To assess current customer loyalty 2 z 1.4 METHODOLOGY Related documents on customer loyalty were gathered, compared, analyzed and customized for Vietnam card market.
Various sources of information were combined for use: books, internet, media, direct talks with marketing experts. In chapter two, author has conducted 2 surveys with objectives as mentioned above Population and Sample For the first survey, author assesses customer loyalty building activities in card industry. The population is all Vietnamese card companies, which is estimated at 19 companies. As most companies are based in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), we will take the sample of 6 companies in Hanoi and 6 others in HCMC.
These 12 companies account for about 90% Vietnamese card market share. This sample is typical enough to withdraw conclusions about Vietnam card industry. The questionnaires are delivered to key person in each company. The second survey is to identify how loyal customers are in Vietnam card industry.
This is a B2B commerce, card customers usually are organizations. Of course customer loyalty varies from company to company. However, we would like to have a general view of current loyalty rate. Author has taken a sample of 40 organizations that issuing cards.
The sample is taken randomly, 25 in Hanoi and 15 in HCMC (see Table 3.3 for Sample profile). 3 z Data collections methods Many data collection methods were considered. Because of constraints in terms of time, costs and human resources, a random sample from the whole population of card companies could not be obtained in this research. Author has approached 12 most well known card companies in Hanoi and HCMC for the survey.
For the first survey, a total of 12 questionnaires were sent via email. Notice phone calls were made in prior and follow up. All 12 completed usable questionnaire were collected. For the second survey, a total 40 questionnaires were distributed and 33 are completed usable.
Secondary data provided by card companies, media, Internet was used in compliment.5 CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE THESIS The thesis has systematically helped Vietnam card companies see what customer loyalty is, the benefits and principles to effectively create customer loyalty. Most important, the thesis has developed specific activities, tips to guide Vietnam card companies in creating their loyal customers.6 OUTLINE The thesis is divided into four chapters: Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Customer Loyalty Literature Review 4 z This chapter will provide us with the literature review of customer loyalty. We will together study what customer loyalty is, the benefits and five principles to create customer loyalty. The content has been customized specifically for card industry.
Chapter 3: Research on Customer Loyalty in Vietnam Card Industry The chapter is divided into two sections. Through the first section, we will have a broad overview about Vietnam card industry: products, demand, trend, competition and export opportunities. The second section is a research about current customer loyalty in Vietnam card industry. Brief findings are presented by the end of the section.
Chapter 4: Recommendations to Build Customer Loyalty in Vietnam Card Industry Based on the literature in chapter 2 and the fact of customer loyalty in Vietnam card industry, chapter 4 gives instructions toward Vietnam card companies to create customer loyalty. 5 z CHAPTER 2 CUSTOMER LOYATY LITERATURE REVIEW In chapter two, we will study what customer loyalty is, the benefits or why we should build customer loyalty and how to build it effectively. The literature on customer loyalty has been customized specifically for card industry. During discussion, several cases and simulations of Vietnam card companies were introduced as well.1 WHAT IS CUSTOMER LOYALTY There are several truths around customer loyalty.
For a better understand, we will review the customer development process. Then we come to the definition of customer loyalty. As often there is a misunderstanding between customer loyalty and customer satisfaction, we will discuss the difference between these two terms as well as the relevance between them.1 Customer development process Philip Kotler has summarized customer development process which involved in attracting and keeping customers.1 shows main steps of the process. The starting point is Suspects – anyone who may buy our card product.
We can collect customer database by segments: Banking (All banks are suspects for card programs, card issuing system, card acceptance devices); Telecom 6 z (All telecom companies for internet card, mobiphone card); Hospitality (All restaurants, hotels, shops, bar clubs for loyalty programs); Enterprise (All enterprise may issue employee cards, universities, for student card, supermarket for customer card); Government (for National Identity Card, Security Card, Driving License), etc. Suspect Prospect First time Repeat Client Advocate Partner Disqualified Inactive or ex-customer Prospects Figure 2.1 - Customer development process Second step is Prospect – accounts who have strong potential interest and ability to deploy card programs. Prospects are then converted to First time customer. When first time customer comes back, he becomes Repeat customer.
Repeat customer may become Client – people whom the company treats specially. Now the card company know more about its clients, it may deliver faster card service, more favorable payment conditions. Then clients may turn into advocates: Buying on repeat basis and recommend 7 z the company and its offerings to others. The ultimate challenges is to turn advocates into Partners, where the customer and the company work together actively.
Telecom partners, for example, may work with R&D department of a card company for months to develop new smart card technology for their product. Partners are someone deeply involved in your business, you work together for mutual interest.2 What is customer loyalty ? Customer loyalty is an activity of coming back again and again. When customers buy from you again and again and tell the world why everyone else should buy from you, they are demonstrating loyalty. Customer loyalty is the specific activity of buying from you or recommending you to others on a repeat basis.3 Customer loyalty and customer satisfaction Some people are may confused between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty.
However, there is a clear distinction between the two terms.