HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MASTER THESIS Study on the process of purifying cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon cassia oil by using an advanced distillation method PHAN NGOC QUANG Quang.vn Chemical Engineering Supervisor: Dr. Nguyen Trung Dung School of Chemical Engineering Signature of supervisor Hanoi, 08/2022 TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA HÀ NỘI LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ Nghiên cứu quá trình tinh chế Cinnamaldehyde từ tinh dầu quế bằng hệ thống chưng luyện tiên tiến PHAN NGỌC QUANG Quang.vn Ngành: Kỹ thuật Hóa học Giảng viên hướng dẫn: TS. Nguyễn Trung Dũng Viện: Kỹ thuật Hóa học Hà Nội, 08/2022 CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc BẢN XÁC NHẬN CHỈNH SỬA LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ Họ và tên tác giả luận văn: PHAN NGỌC QUANG Đề tài luận văn : Nghiên cứu quá trình tinh chế Cinnamaldehyde từ tinh dầu quế bằng hệ thống chưng luyện tiên tiến Chuyên ngành: Kỹ thuật hóa học Số hiệu học viên: 20202763M Tác giả, người hướng dẫn khoa học và Hội đồng chấm luận văn xác nhận tác giả đã sửa chữa, bổ sung luận văn theo biên bản họp Hội đồng ngày 27/08/2022 với các nội dung sau: - Bổ sung các kết quả nghiên cứu đã có ở Việt Nam và trên thế giới trong phần tổng quan - Bổ sung phần hồi lưu ở Hình 3.4 - Thay thế tỷ số QB/F bằng QB/P trong phần 3. Ngày tháng năm Giảng viên hướng dẫn Tác giả luận văn CHỦ TỊCH HỘI ĐỒNG ĐỀ TÀI LUẬN VĂN Nghiên cứu quá trình tinh chế Cinnamaldehyde từ tinh dầu quế bằng hệ thống chưng luyện tiên tiến Giảng viên hướng dẫn Ký và ghi rõ họ tên ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I really appreciate my family that is my biggest motivation, for giving me the best to study and practice so far.
Secondly, I would like to express my deep appreciation to my supervisor Dr. Nguyen Trung Dung, for pursuing my Master’s study at the School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, giving me a great chance to intern at the National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse and many precious contributions to complete this thesis. Because of my thesis defense, he had to delay his work. One more time I really appreciate him.
I also would like to give precious thanks to Dr. Ta Hong Duc, who is a crucial person in my career path. He always believed, motivated, directed, and gave me many great opportunities to achieve my expectations. Besides, he encouraged me to take part in related programs, seminars, and outside programs to improve my horizon.
One more time, I really appreciate his help on my path. I also really appreciate Dr. Cao Hong Ha, who helped directly me a lot from first technics to making experiments and scientific ideas for my research from the first days when I began to approach the topic of my research in the laboratory. Especially, I am really grateful for his perfect suggestions which help me improve significantly my knowledge a lot.
One more time, I would like to sincerely thank his help during all of my working time in the laboratory. No matter where I go or do anything in the future, I still want to be taught by him. Besides that, I would like to thank Thầy Hiệp, who guided me in testing samples in my part-time job. I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr.
Phung Lan Huong, Assoc. Chu Manh Hung, Assoc. Nguyen Dac Trung, Assoc. Dinh Van Hai, Ms.
Tran Vu Huong Tra, and Ms. Trinh Thi Thuy Linh for not only giving me a valuable opportunity to study in France but also helping me wholeheartedly home country’s priority in the stressful time of the covid pandemic. I would like to thank lecturers in the Department of Chemical Process Equipment for their teaching, giving me contributions, and always creating the best conditions for students to improve. I also really appreciate Prof.
Michel Meyer, who gave me a perfect opportunity to work at LGC, INP-Toulouse, and supported me with great scientific ideas. That is a duration of a memorable time in my life with Dr. Benoit Mizzi who helped a lot in my work. I would like to thank MSc.
Pham Duc Chinh always advised and supported me anytime. In addition to being a lot of help came from my colleague Juan Bulle who is a good teammate. We have a memorable duration of time when working together. I really appreciate Mr.
Jean Louis Guy – “Thầy chủ nhà”, chị Linh, anh Bản, chị Ngân for their help during my working time in Toulouse. I am really happy and lucky when I met them with a memorable time in Toulouse, France. I also would like to warmly thank anh Nguyễn Chiêm Dương Thanh and my friends Trương Khánh Duyên, Lại Văn Duy, Bùi Văn Trường, Lê Công Tuấn who helped me in difficult time and other students in laboratory: Hảo, Mai, Ngọc, Thạch Mai – Máy hóa K62 and Công, Trọng – Hóa lý. Last but not least, I would like to thank Prof.
Michel Meyer’s scholarship and Vallet scholarship 2021 and 2022 which are gratefully acknowledged. A memorable journey closed to open the next journey with new interesting things. Thanks and regards!!! SUMMARY The cinnamon tree is widely distributed throughout tropical and sub-tropical areas. It is widely used as herbal medicine.
Vietnam is the world's third largest producer of cinnamon oil. Cinnamon oil contains cinnamaldehyde (80-90%wt), eugenol, cinnamic acid, etc. Therefore, it can be used to produce high purity Cinnamaldehyde (99%wt) via high-vacuum batch distillation (1–30mmHg). However, the disadvantages of the process are the relatively long separation time, the high energy consumption, and the loss of a large amount of Cinnamaldehyde into the light and middle cut-of components.
Two continuous columns were used to purify Cinnamaldehyde from Cinnamon cassia oil. The NRTL thermodynamic model is used to calculate and simulate the process. The preliminary configurations of columns were obtained by using the FUGK method, which is calculated by the DSTWU model in Aspen plus V10. The Radfrac model was used for the rigorous simulation.
The heat integration was performed when the vapor stream temperature in the second column was greater than the reboiler temperature in the first column by at least 10oC. The purity of Cinnamaldehyde was 0.99 mass fraction and the recovery ratio was 98.60% in all of the cases. When P1=10mmHg, P2=20mmHg, heat integration was applied for process and QB,total,min =1326 cal/s. Process intensification technology, which is one of the most significant advances in chemical engineering today, offers the potential for development in the chemical industry.
A divided wall column is an excellent illustration of a method for process intensification. The optimal configurations of DWC are N1=6, N2=14, N3=2, N4=6, N5=14, N6=7 with heat duty is 1219 cal/s at P=10mmHg. Four different random packings (M-50, M-80, O-80, S-80) were characterized by HETP values when using mixture of n-Hexane and Cyclohexance at differrent concentrations. The results showed that O-80 is the minimum HETP value in four type of packings.
Therefore, the applications of these packings in the industry are feasible. iv LIST OF FIGURES. iii LIST OF TABLES .v LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS. Overview of Cinnamaldehyde.
Introduction of Cinnamaldehyde. Application of Cinnamaldehyde. Preparation of Cinnamaldehyde. Overview of Cinnamon Cassia Oil.
Origin and distribution in nature. Demand, production, benefits of using, and value of cinnamon cassia oil………………………………………………………………………. Cinnamaldehyde purification technologies from Cinnamon Cassia Oil. Batch distillation model.
Continuous distillation model. Divided wall column model. METHOD OF STUDY. Determination of the thermodynamic model.
Methodology of the continuous distillation column. Methodology of Divided wall column. Method to evaluate the product quality. Determine the refractive index of the products.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Choosing the best thermodynamic model. Divided wall column. Initial parameters for simulation.
Sensibility analysis of Divided wall column. Comparison of three distillation models: batch column, continuous column and DWC. Determination of the HETP of the various random packing. Material of the packing.
Distillation pilot plant. CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK .67 ii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Global Cinnamic Aldehyde Market, by the application (%) [1]. Crude cinnamon Cassia Oil.
Supply of cinnamon oil. Importers of cinnamon cassia oil. Batch disstillation column. Conventional arrangements for separating three components mixture a)direct, b)indirect, c)sloppy sequences.
Fully thermally coupled distillation column (Petlyuk column). HIDiC disstilation column. Divided wall column. Seperation for ternary mixture in the divided wall column.
Energy is lost separating the middle component B in the conventional arrangement. (a) DSTWU and (b) RADFRAC models in Aspen plus V10. Petlyuk column configuration. (a) Divided wall column; (b) Thermally coupled distillation.
Simplified model design of divided wall column. The detailed structure and operating variables of a divided wall column. Types and position of dividing wall in the DWC system. A procedure for the design of a divided wall column.
Schematic of pinch technology. Refraction of a light ray. Diagram of a gas chromatography. x,y-T diagram for the BA-CA system at 10kPa.
x,y-T diagram for the BA-CA system at 20kPa. x,y-T diagram for the BA-CA system at 30k. Block flow diagram (BFD) of purification process. Plot of the relationship between P1, P2 and QB1, QB2, QB,total.
Plot of TW1 and TD2. Graph of the relationship between P2-QB2 and comparison TW1-TD2. Plot of TW1 at P1=10mmHg and TD2 at P2=15-100mmHg. Flowsheet of energy integration for two columns with case P1=10mmHg, P2=20mmHg.
Plot of the relationship between P2 and QB2. Plot of TW1 at P1=10mmHg and TD2 at P2=5-9mmHg. Plot of the comparison of cases with the minimum QB,total values in cases 1,2,3 .51 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Two types of cinnamon cassia oil.
Relationship between feed quality and internal flowrates. Five main components in CCO. Experimental VLE data and calculated results by the different models in Aspen Plus for binary system of BA-CA at 10 kPa. Experimental VLE data and calculated results by the different models in Aspen Plus for binary system of BA-CA at 20 kPa.
Experimental VLE data and calculated results by the different models in Aspen Plus for the binary system of BA-CA at 30 kPa. Short-cut calculation and rigorous simulation results in two columns at P1=P2=10-100mmHg. Short-cut calculation and rigorous simulation results in two columns at P1=10mmHg, P2=15-100mmHg. Short-cut calculation and rigorous simulation results in two columns at P1=10mmHg, P2=5-9mmHg.
Specification for short-cut calculation by DWC. Comparison of three distillation models. Technical data of packaging materials .61 v LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS CA Cinnamaldehyde BA Benzaldehyde CH Cinnamyl Alcohol CCO Cinnamon Cassia Oil HI Heat Integration BFD Block Flow Diagram VLE Vapor – Liquid Equilibrium NRTL Non-Random Two-Liquid Model HK Heavy Key LK Light Key HETP Height Equivalent to a Theoretical Plate HTU Height of Transfer Unit QB1 Heat duty of the first column QB2 Heat duty of the second column QB,total Total heat duty of the first and second column ∆T Temperature difference between two streams D2 and W1 vi INTRODUCTION Nowadays, natural productions play an important role in the quality of food and beverages. Among them, Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is of commercial importance for flavor, being the main component in Cinnamon Cassia Oil (CCO), which is commonly used in pharmaceutical, food, and beverages industries because of its merits [1, 2, 3].
In order to obtain natural Cinnamaldehyde with higher purity, purification of CA from CCO is one of the best ways. Distillation is the most often used separation method in the chemical industry [4] whereas batch distillation is the most commonly used method to purify essential oil.