MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING STATE BANK OF VIET NAM BANKING ACADEMY OF VIET NAM ---& &--- GRADUATION THESIS Topic: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL PAYMENT SYSTEMS AT THE JOINT STOCK COMMERCIAL BANK FOR FOREIGN TRADE OF VIETNAM Professional supervisor: Dr. Nguyễn Thị Hồng Hải Linguistic supervisor: MBA. Nguyễn Thị Minh Hằng By: Nguyễn Việt Hà Class: ATCA, Faculty of Foreign Languages June, 2012 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this graduation thesis is based on my work except for quotations and citations which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been previously or simultaneously submitted at Banking Academy or other institutions.
Signature ____________________ Nguyễn Việt Hà ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT During the completion of this thesis, I have received remarkable support from many people and I am grateful to all of them. I would like to express my special thanks to my supervisors, Dr. Nguyễn Thị Hồng Hải, Faculty of Bank, and Ms. Nguyễn Thị Minh Hằng, Faculty of Foreign Languages, who have given me valuable advices and guidance from the beginning to the perfection of this thesis.
Without their help, I can hardly finish my thesis within such a limited time. I am also grateful to Ms. Nguyễn Thanh Phương, staff of International Payment Department at the Operations Center of the Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam, who has spared her precious time and created a welcomed condition for me during the time I was taking field study there. For the valuable knowledge and studying encouragement, my gratitude goes to all my teachers of Banking Academy, particularly teachers in the Faculty of Foreign Language, who have provided me with worthy lessons throughout 4 years of study.
My last thanks come to my parents and friends for their supports to accomplish this thesis. iii ABSTRACT This thesis provides an analysis and evaluation of the current international payment systems in Vietcombank. In particular, the Head Office is using a centralized system and the Operations Center is using a decentralized. Methods of the research include taking field study, collecting and analyzing primary and secondary data.
Results of the research show that both systems in general are well utilized. In more details, the centralized system gives the Head Office high consistency, security and rapidity; while the decentralized system benefits the Operations Center with flexibility, economy and time-saving. The report points out that the prospects of the systems are positive. However, the major areas of weakness require further study and action by management.
Finally, after discussing some suggestions for banks to choose a suitable international payment system, the thesis proposes several recommendations to improve the systems’ efficiency including: - Maintaining and keeping facilities and technology updated - Improving staffs ability - Developing management of operations and human resources iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. vii LIST OF TABLES .viii LIST OF DIAGRAMS. Objectives of Study.
Scope and Focus. Structure of The Thesis. Notion and Role of International Payment in Commercial Banks. Methods of Payment for International Transactions.
Collection of Payment. International Payment Systems. The Centralized System in International Payment. The Decentralized System in International Payment.
14 THE INTERNATONAL PAYMENT SYSTEMS AT VIETCOMBANK. Development History of Vietcombank. The Centralized International Payment System in The Head Office of Vietcombank. International Payment Performance.
Analysis of The Centralized System. The Decentralized International Payment System in The Operations Center of Vietcombank. International Payment Performance. Analysis of The Decentralized System.
25 GENERAL ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS. Ways to Choose a Suitable International Payment Systems. Ways to Improve the Efficiency of International Payment Systems. 30 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Number Abbreviation Original 1 CB Commercial bank 2 IP International Payment 3 L/C Letter of Credit The Joint Stock Commercial Bank for 4 Vietcombank Foreign Trade of Vietnam vii LIST OF TABLES Number Name Page International Payment systems in major CBs in Table 1 2 Vietnam Vietcombank's total import and export turnovers Table 2.1 15 (2009-2011) International payment revenue in Vietcombank’s Table 2.2 16 Head Office (2009-2011) International payment revenue in Vietcombank’s Table 2.3 20 Operations Center (From 2009 to 2011) viii LIST OF DIAGRAMS Number Name Page Diagram 1.1 Management pyramid in a centralized system 10 Diagram 1.2 Management pyramid in a decentralized system 12 Percentage of International Payment activities in Diagram 2.1 overall profits of Vietcombank's Operations Center 21 (2009-2011) ix INTRODUCTION 1.
Problem Description Under the influence and tendency of integration and globalization, International Payment (IP) activities have grown more and more in importance in commercial banks (CBs). They bridge buyers with sellers from different countries all over the world, greatly contributing to foreign trades and national economic growth. For that reason, ways to improve IP services are what commercial banks constantly seek for. One of the first concerns lays on choice of a suitable processing system.
In reality, two different systems are widely employed by CBs in Vietnam, providing different levels of efficiency depending on each bank’s condition. Nearly fifty years in the market, the Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam (Vietcombank) has always maintained its position as the leading bank providing a wide range of financial services in international trade in Vietnam. For its long establishment, Vietcombank has gained tremendous confidence and loyalty from customers. To reply to customers’ support and expectation, the bank has never stopped working on developing its IP services, becoming the best in its field.
Currently, Vietcombank is holding two IP systems due to its large demand and capacity (chartered capital of over VND 19,000 billion). Hence, it would be practical and comprehensive to observe these systems to better understand their application and competency. During the time of writing this thesis, 5 weeks at the International Payment Department in Operations Center of Vietcombank as an intern has given me a chance to observe its decentralized processing system. I have also 1 done my own study on the centralized processing system used by other branches of Vietcombank and decided to present my findings in this thesis.
Related Works Prior to this thesis, a few studies have been conducted on related topics. Most notable among them is “The centralized international payment system in banks of Vietnam: Real situation and solution”, a graduation thesis by Ms. Hoa Mai Dung, class of 2010, Foreign Trade University of Vietnam. In her work, the author presented the current performance of and some suggestions to improve the centralized IP system in CBs in Vietnam.
Both the centralized and decentralized IP systems are widely used in CBs in Vietnam. The use of them two in some major CBs in Vietnam is illustrated in the table below. Table 1: International Payment systems in major CBs in Vietnam International Payment systems Banks Centralized Decentralized Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign 70% 30% Trade of Vietnam (Vietcombank) Vietnam Joint Stock CB for Industry and 100% Trade (Vietinbank) Bank for Investment and Development of 100% Vietnam (BIDV) Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural 100% Development (Agribank) (Source: Author’s observation) 2 In my research, however, I would like to observe both the centralized and decentralized IP systems in more details. In particular, I took Vietcombank as a case study to analyze because it is the only bank in Vietnam which applies both types of systems in its network.
Since its foundation in 1963, Vietcombank has always accounted for the largest proportion of market share in IP, having developed and experienced its two IP systems to a great level. Therefore, it will be an appropriate subject of my research. Besides, this thesis makes the comparison in the scope of one bank instead of studying the IP systems in banks with different conditions. Objectives of Study This paper aims to describe and to have an insight into the IP systems applied in Vietcombank in order to find out how the systems perform to best support the firm’s operations.
Research Questions Three main questions were drawn to be answered in this writing. They are: 1) How do the IP systems at Vietcombank perform? 2) How to improve the systems’ performance? 3) What factor determines the choice of system? 5. Research Methodologies After the time working as an intern in Vietcombank’s Operations Center, I have collected important primary as well as secondary data for my research through personal interviews and observation. Basing on that, a qualitative analysis was applied.
These interviews have been conducted with my intern 3 instructors in the Operations Center during my time there as well as employees in other Vietcombank offices. Such a qualitative approach is valuable here due to the lack of a specific evaluating model of the IP systems. Upon collecting the data by interviews, careful analysis was carried out to better recognize the features of the two IP systems. Scope and Focus The study concentrates on the IP systems in Vietcombank’s Operations Center and Head Office.
The main focus of the study is the implementation of the firm’s processing systems supported by statistics in the last three years (from 2009 to 2011). Structure of The Thesis The main part of the paper is organized as follows. Chapter 1, “Theoretical Framework”, reviews related works and theoretical frameworks of the two IP systems: centralized and decentralized. Chapter 2, “The International Payment Systems in Vietcombank”, describes and analyzes the features of the processing systems used in Vietcombank, uncovering their advantages and disadvantages.
Chapter 3, “General Assessment and Recommendations”, discuses factors influencing the choice of processing system and provides some suggestions to maximize the system’s efficacy. 4 CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 1. Notion and Role of International Payment in Commercial Banks Many different theories have been developed to define and explain the nature and definition of IP and its related matters but they seem rooted by similar concepts. Due to its limited extent, this thesis will introduce only the general notions for IP and its methods, focusing mainly on understandings of the two IP systems.
For further study, readers can find more details from sources cited in the references at the end of this thesis. IP is a process of executing obligations to payment and entitlements to benefits of money which results in economic and non-economic activities between organizations, individuals of different nationalities or between a nation and an international organization through banks of related partners.1 In many ways, IPs are similar to domestic payments. They involve a payer using the services of one or more intermediaries to transfer value to a payee. However, they tend to involve a number of additional complexities as a result of the distance between the parties, the different time zones and currencies and the need for additional intermediaries.
This has led to the development of unique banking services catering for the needs of users of IPs. Nguyễn Văn Tiến (2010), “International payment and Trade Financing” (4th edition), Statistics Publications, Hanoi, p. 294 5 The increasing globalization of Vietnam’s economy has resulted in greater demand for IPs services. Import and export businesses require access to IPs systems, as consumers buy goods and services directly from foreign suppliers.
Travelers to and from Vietnam also require access to IPs, whether their travel is for the purpose of a short-term holiday or a long-term relocation. Therefore, it can be said that IP plays an apparently important role in the operations of CBs. Throughout the past couple of decades, the improvement of transportation network, the innovation of technology in production, the diversity of media and the increasing demand on exchanging goods and services among nations have fostered the growth of IP activities in Vietnam’s commercial banks. In addition, as the government is giving more favorable conditions and incentives for foreign trade, IP has even greater opportunities to develop.
Methods of Payment for International Transactions IP activities can be conducted in CBs by one of the following main methods.