BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO NGÂN HÀNG NHÀ NƯỚC VIỆT NAM TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGÂN HÀNG TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP ĐẠI HỌC THE IMPACT OF FINTECH ON THE FINANCIAL STABILITY AT VIETNAMESE COMMERCIAL BANK NGÀNH: TÀI CHÍNH – NGÂN HÀNG MÃ SỐ: 7340201 TRẦN LÝ MỸ NGỌC TP.HỒ CHÍ MINH, NĂM 2024 BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO NGÂN HÀNG NHÀ NƯỚC VIỆT NAM TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGÂN HÀNG TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP ĐẠI HỌC THE IMPACT OF FINTECH ON THE FINANCIAL STABILITY AT VIETNAMESE COMMERCIAL BANK NGÀNH: TÀI CHÍNH – NGÂN HÀNG MÃ SỐ: 7340201 Họ và tên sinh viên: TRẦN LÝ MỸ NGỌC Mã số sinh viên: 050608200494 Lớp sinh hoạt: HQ8-GE05 NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC TS. NGUYỄN MINH NHẬT TP.
HỒ CHÍ MINH, NĂM 2024 i TÓM TẮT Thế giới đã trải qua tổng cộng 4 cuộc cách mạng công nghiệp và hiện tại đang chứng kiến những ảnh hưởng của cách mạng công nghiệp 4.0 được xây dựng trên nền tảng công nghệ số 3.0 bao gồm Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT) và Big Data,… đã và đang tác động lên các ngành nghề ở Việt Nam, làm thay đổi cách vận hành và các mô hình kinh doanh. Riêng ngành ngân hàng chịu sự tác động đến từ các công nghệ tài chính (hay còn được gọi là Fintech) do những công nghệ này có thể mô phỏng các sản phẩm và các dịch vụ tài chính ngân hàng ở mức hiện đại hơn. Từ đó, ảnh hưởng hưởng đến nhiều khía cạnh của các ngân hàng thương mại tại Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu này sử dụng phương pháp nghiên cứu định lượng để trả lời các câu hỏi nghiên cứu và phân tích các tác động của Fintech đối với sự ổn định tài chính của các ngân hàng thương mại tại Việt Nam.
Bài viết này thu thập dữ liệu của 30 ngân hàng thương mại tại Việt Nam từ năm 2010 đến năm 2023. Bài viết này chủ yếu sử dụng mô hình hiệu ứng cố định để thực hiện trải nghiệm của Fintech đến sự ổn định tài chính của bộ phận ngân hàng thương mại ở Việt Nam. Biến phụ thuộc dùng để đo lường sự ổn định ngân hàng là chỉ số Z – Score. Bên cạnh đó, các biến dùng được dùng để nghiên cứu tác động đến sự ổn định tài chính của doanh nghiệp được lựa chọn bao gồm: Số lượng công ty Fintech (FT); Tỷ lệ lợi nhuận trên vốn chủ sở hữu (ROE); Tỷ lệ nợ xấu (NPL); Quy mô ngân hàng (SIZE); Tốc độ tăng trưởng tổng tài sản (GROW); Tỷ lệ an toàn vốn (CAP); Chi phí hoạt động (CIR); Tỷ lệ cho vay trên huy động (LDR); Tăng trưởng kinh tế (GDP) và Tỷ lệ lạm phát (INF).
Trong đó, các biến có ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến sự ổn định của ngân hàng thương mại là FT, ROE, NPL, CIR và INF. Mặt khác, các biến CAP và LDR có ảnh hưởng tích cực đến sự ổn định của ngân hàng thương mại, các biến còn lại không tác động. Từ khóa: Fintech, Ngân hàng thương mại, Công nghệ tài chính, sự ổn định ngân hàng. ii ABSTRACT The world has experienced a total of 4 industrial revolutions and is currently witnessing the effects of industrial revolution 4.0 which was built on the foundation of industry number 3.0 technologies including Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data, etc.
have been affecting many industries in Viet Nam, changing operations and business models. The banking industry in particular is affected by financial technologies (also know as Fintech) because these technologies can simulate banking and financial products and services at a more modern level. Since then, it affects many aspects of Vietnamese commercial banks. This study uses quantitative research methods to answer the questions and analyze the impact of Fintech on financial stability of the commercial banking division in Vietnam.
This article has collected data of 30 commercial banks of Vietnam from 2010 – 2023 and mainly uses the fixed effect model to realize the impact experience of Fintech to the financial stability. The dependent variable used to measure a financial stability is Z-Score index. In addition, the variables used to study the impact on financial stability of selected business include: Fintech (FT), Return on equity (ROE), Bank size (SIZE), Asset growth (GROW), Non-Performing loan ratio (NPL), Capital ratio (CAP), the cost to income ratio (CIR), Loan to deposit (LDR), Growth rate (GDP) and Inflation (INF). In which the group of internal factors that have a negative impact on the bank's stability are FT, ROE, NPL, CIR and INF.
Otherwise, the factors CAP and LDR have a positive impact on the financial stability of the bank. The remaining variables are not statistically significant in the model. Keywords: Fintech, commercial banking, financial technology, financial stability. iii DECLARATION The author ensure that the research paper “The impact of Fintech on financial stability at Vietnamese commercial bank” is completed by the author and guidance of Dr.
Nguyễn Minh Nhật. References and data are cited completed, clearly, and uniformly in the Reference List. The content and results of this study have not been published in any other articles or projects up until now. The author is responsible for all assurances.
Ho Chi Minh city, 2024 Author, Tran Ly My Ngoc iv APPRECIATION Firstly, the author would like to thank the academic staff and support staff of Ho Chi Minh University of Banking because their dedicated teaching and support. It is a great honor and pride for the author to become a student at Ho Chi Minh University of Banking. Secondly, the author would like to express the deep gratitude to the Supervisor, Dr. Nguyễn Minh Nhật, who whole heartly supported, patiently guided and encourage the author during doing this thesis.
In particular, the author would love to express big thank to family and friends who always give unconditional encouragement to the author during studying. Due to limited practical experience and time, the thesis cannot avoid errors. I look forward to receiving your comments so that I can complete my thesis. Finally, I would like to wish the teacher of the Ho Chi Minh University of Banking, have a lot of health and achieve much success in work as well as in life.
Author v TABLE OF CONTENTS TÓM TẮT .iv TABLE OF CONTENTS. v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. viii LIST OF TABLE.ix LIST OF CHARTS. x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE RESEARCH TOPIC.
Reason for choosing topic. Objective of study. Subject and scope of the study. Subject of the study.
Scope of the study. The composition of the thesis. 5 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. Overview of basic concept .1 The concept of Fintech.
The product of Fintech. Foreign Fintech companies. Fintech’s operation status in Vietnam. Overview of financial stability of commercial banks.
The concept of Commercial banks. The concept of financial stability. The importance of Fintech for the financial stability of commercial bank. An overview of previous research.
Review of domestic research. Review of foreign research. 23 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH MODEL AND METHODOLOGY. Data processing methods.2 The order of execution.
Measurement of research variables and research hypothesis. 38 CHAPTER 4: EMPIRICAL RESULT ANALYSIS. Descriptive statistical analysis. Correlation matrix analysis.
The analysis of regression results. Selection of estimation method. Test of heteroskedasticity and model autocorrelation. Check for heteroskedasticity.
Overcoming the research model by FGLS method. Endogenous variables testing. GMM regression model method. Summarizing and discussing research results.
57 vii CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS. Conclusion of the result obtain from the research. Recommendation on financial stability of bank. Thesis limitations and research direction.
Limitations of the thesis. The research directions. xiii viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CAP The Capital Ratio CIR Cost To Income Ratio FEM Fixed Effect Model FGLS Feasible Generalized Least Squares Model FT The Fintech Ratio GDP The Growth Rate GMM Generalized Method of Moments GROW The Asset Growth Ratio INF The Inflation LDR The Loan to Deposit Ratio NPL Non-Performing Loan Ratio VIF Variance Inflation Factor Pooled OLS Pooled Ordinary Least Square REM Random Effect Model ROE Return on Equity SBV The State Bank of Viet Nam SIZE The Bank Size ix LIST OF TABLE Table 2.1 Top 12 Fintech countries in the world as of 25th August, 2023 .2 Vietnamese Fintech companies by sector .1 The order of execution. Variables in the research model .1 Statistical results of variables used in the research method .2 Correlation coefficients between research variables .3: Results of multicollinearity test .4 Results of Pooled-OLS, FEM and REM .5 Selection of method .6 Modified Wald test.7 Wooldridge test result .8 FGLS model troubleshooting result .9 Endogenous and exogenous variables in the research model .10 GMM test result .11 Summarizing and discussing research results.
52 x LIST OF CHARTS Chart 2.1 Cooperation between Banks and Fintech. 17 1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE RESEARCH TOPIC 1. Reason for choosing topic Commercial banks system have a role as an intermediary financial institution in the economy, facilitating the efficient allocation and provision of capital to those in need, therefore fostering sustainable economic development. In 2008, because of a series of structural shifts during the financial crisis, important banks and financial institutions had faced to enormous damage such as bankrupt, increasing a huge risk on in the long time for the financial market.
Consequently, this crisis has almost engulfed the entire world economy. From the situation in the world, we can see the importance of the banking system to a country. Financial stability in a commercial banking system is a problem, although it has been studied a lot by authors around the world before the situation of the economy and the world and Vietnam has to face. Facing many fluctuations such as pandemics and war,.
It can be seen that the additional work on the stability of the commercial banking system is suitable for the current situation of the world and Vietnam. Moreover, in the increasingly integrated, quickly expanding, and highly competitive economic environment, banks must constantly deal with a variety of risks during their operations, including the speed of the fourth industrial revolution has been quickly growing in recent years, and we can witness how it is affecting a wide range of sectors and areas. Therefore, the financial and banking industry was not an exception, it receives significant changes throughout the years. As of 2023, Vietnam currently has 188 Fintech companies operating flexibly in various fields such as: The birth of big data (Big Data), the Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI) have led to the emergence of new services to maximize the industry's potential.
But Fintech stands out above all and plays an important role in the bank system. In Vietnam, research papers on the influence of Fintech on the banking system's strength have been quite long and not suitable for the current economic situation of the country. Therefore, the author express to contribute 2 more empirical evidence to help Viet Nam commercial banks have more grounds to maintain not only for the financial stability but also the established and operating of Fintech firms. In short, the author found that the studying on this fields is still in its early stage, the number of studies on financial stability is lacking in Viet Nam, especially the evolution of Fintech for the financial stability of Viet Nam commercial banks.
Therefore, identifying how the influence of Fintech may assist for Viet Nam commercial bank is necessary and meaning in order to strengthen the financial stability of commercial banks.