MINISTRY OF JUSTICE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRANING HANOI LAW UNIVERSITY HO VA TÊN: NGUYEN MAI CHI MSSV: 453610 REQUIREMENTS FOR A VALID CONTRACT IN AMERICAN AND VIETNAMESE LEGAL SYSTEM: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE BACHELOR’S THESIS Hanoi- 2023 MINISTRY OF JUSTICE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRANING HANOI LAW UNIVERSITY HO VATEN: NGUYEN MAI CHI MSSV: 453610 REQUIREMENTS FOR A VALID CONTRACT IN AMERICAN AND VIETNAMESE LEGAL SYSTEM: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE Major: Comparative law BACHELOR’S THESIS SUPERVISOR LLM. D6 THI ANH HONG STATUTORY DECLARATION Therewith formally declare that I have varitten the submitted Bachelor's Thesis independently, the conclusions and data in the Bachelor's Thesisis truthful and reliable. Confirmation of supervisor Author ofBachelor's Thesis LIST OF ABBREVIATION uct Uniform Commercial Code us United States ete et cetera (and so forth) ie 1đ est (that is) eg exempli gratia (for example) verus (against) PREFACE 1 CHAPTER 1.THEORETICAL ISSUES OF REQUIREMENTS FOR A VALID CONTRACT. 11, CONCEPTION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR A VALID CONTRACT 6 LLL.
Definition of requirements for avaitd contracts. Characteristics of requirements for a valid contract in American and etnam legal system 9 12. CLASSIFICATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR A VALID CONTRACTS BETWEEN ‘VIETNAMESE AND AMERICAN LEGAL SYSTEMS 1 12.1 Classification ofrequirements for a valid contracts tn the American legal system bà 12. Classification ofrequtrements for avalid contracts in the Vietnamese legal system bà 13.
SIGNIFICANCES OF REQUIREMENTS FOR A VALID CONTRACTIN AMERICAN AND ‘VIETNAMESE LEGAL SYSTEMS 16 13. Significances of requirements for a valid contract in American legal system. Significanes of requirements for a valid contract m Vietnamese legal system 1 CHAPTER 2REGULATIONS ON CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS IN EFFECT IN THE UNITED STATES AND VIETNAM. AMERICAN LAWON REQUIREMENTS FOR A VALID CONTRACT.
19 2LL Offers 1 212, Acceptance. REGULATIONS ON REQUIREMENTS OF VALID CONTRACTIN VIETNAMESE LEGAL SYSTEM.1 The requirements for a vaitd contract on American and Vietnamese law fom a comparative perspective 53 2.1 Regarding the requirements of capacity on avalid contract, 53 3.2 Regarding the requirements of legality on a valid contract, 53 3.3 Regarding the requirements of voluntarily on a valid contrat.4 Regarding the requirements of consideration on a valid contract.5 Regarding the requirements of formation on a valid contract. Reasons jor similarities and differences 55 CHAPTER 3. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PERFECTING THE LAW ON REQUIREMENTS FOR A VALID CONTRACT PERFORMANCE IN FORCE IN VIETNAM.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR THE PROPOSALS TO IMPROVE PROVISIONS ON [REQUIREMENTS FOR A VALID CONTRACTIN VIETNAMESE LAW. SPECIFIC PROPOSALS FOR IMPROVING THE PROVISION ON REQUIREMENTS OFA ‘VALID CONTRACTIN VIETNAMESE LEGAL SYSTEM, 58 3.1 Proposals to improve provision on capactty for avalid contract. Proposals to improve the provision of vohuntartly for a valtd contract.23, Proposals to improve the provision of legality for a valid contract. Proposals to improve the provision of formailtty for avalid contract.
60 CONCLUSION REFERENCES PREFACE 1. Rationale of the thesis Contracts are an important means in human life, helping people meet physical and spiritual needs by exchanging products, services and other benefits. Itisan important way to organize common life and promote economic and social development Although contracts are considered as one of the effective methods to establish property relationships between entities, to meet the needs from basic to higher needs of individuals and legal entities, however, the contract only really comes to life when the contract has legal effect. According to Article 117 of the 2015 Civil Code and relevant legal documents, a contract takes effect when certain requirements are satisfied.
In particular, there are general mandatory requirements for all types of contracts such as requirements on subject capacity, voluntarily, and on the purpose and content ofthe contract. In addition, formal requirements are only considered as valid requirements of certain types of contracts. That is, when a law document specifies the form of establishing a type of contract, the contracting entity will have to comply with, that regulation Failure to comply with this provision may cause the contract to tbe declared invalid, except for the cases specified in Article 129 of the 2015 Civil Code compared to previous civil codes These are the brealethrough changes ofthe 2015 Civil Code However, the current legal situation study shows that there are many remaining limitations related to the effective requirements of the contract. ‘Typically, the inconsistency between different legal documents is related to the effective requirements of a type of contract Therefore, the contract and the effective requirements of the contract are important provisions in the 2015 Civil Code, which are fundamental to specialized laws.
The provisions of the current law on the effective requirements of the contract still reveal certain limitations Starting from the above practice and meaning, as well as to have a comprehensive view of the effective requirements of the contract, the author ‘would like to select the topic: "Requirements of the Valid contract under the American and Vienam legal system: A comparative perspective” as a thesis topic In this dissertation, the author focuses on analyzing the regulations on the effective requirements of the contract under the Vietnamese and American legal systems; and compares the two legal systems to beable to supplement and complete the limitations of Vietnamese law. Review of previous research related to the Thesis Up to now, the regulations related to the effective requirements of civil transactions and the effective requirements of contracts, it have attracted the attention of many authors with different research angles. Some research results of some typical works can be stated as follows (Nguyen Nhu Bich (2011), Discussing the validh of conditional contracts, Journal of the People's Court, No. (Pham Hoang Giang (2007), Bfect of contractal orthogonal requirements on contract vattdity, Journal of State and Law No.
47-51, Hanoi (Nguyen Minh Hang and Nguyen Thi Kim Lan (2016), Bféct on the form ofctvil transactions by the provisions of the 2015 Civil Code, Joumal of Jurisprudence, No. 11-19, Hanoi (@)Nguyen Van Cu and Tran Thi Hue (co-editors, 2017), Sctentific commentary on the 2015 Civil Code of the Socialist Repubiic of Vietnam, Hanoi Currently, several studies are comparing Vietnamese law and American Jaw, including the field of contract and scientific value in jurisprudence research and development, first of all, the reference book "Understanding American law im the context of Vietnam's regional and world economte rfegraon" wnitten by Dr. Pham Duy Nghia (2001) and many other scientists. In addition, some theses, articles, books and textbooks when writing about contracting under Vietnamese laware comparable to the laws of countries including the United States, such as Nguyen Vu Hoang's doctoral thesis (2008) with the topic "Vietnennese iaw on entering trfo contracts for the sale of goods with foreign traders" or the book "Establishing contracts in the Vietnamese Civil Code" by Dr.Nguyen Ngoc Khanh (2007).
However, with a wide range of comparisons or only a few typical regulations, there is currently no in-depth research on comparisons between ‘Vietnam and the US on the effective requirements of the contract. Therefore, it can be affirmed that the selection and research ofthis topicis very necessary in the current context ofjudicial reform and international integration as well as to havea more general and in-depth overview of the effective requirements ofthe contract under the law of Vietnam and the law of the United States from a comparative perspective 3. Scientific and practical significance of the thesis, ‘The study of this thesis aims at the following basic purposes - Systematize and analyze the most basic theoretical issues about the effective requirements ofthe contract according to the legal system of Vietnam and the US asa basis for the study of relevant legal provisions - Systematize and analyze the most basic theoretical issues about the effective requirements of the contract according to the legal system of Vietnam. and the US asa basis for the study of relevant legal provisions.
Objectives of the thesis To have a more general and specific overview of the effective requirements of the contract of the law of Vietnam based on comparative research of the American law, identify the progressive and appropriate aspects of the Vietnamese law to continue to maintain and promote, and propose new points of progress under the American law and apply appropriately in the current legal requirements of Vietnam, the author focuses on the issues related. to the effective requirements of the contract, the provisions of the two countries on the effective requirements of the contract and other contents closely related. to the provisions on the effective requirements of the contract such as the form and content of the contract. However, because the author approaches to research in a new direction for the first time, while the requirements of time and qualifications are limited, the thesis will not avoid shortcomings, inadequacies and limitations.
Therefore, the author is looking forward to receiving all comments and contributions from teachers. Object and scope of the Thesis - Objects of the research: This topic focuses on the theoretical study ofthe effective requirements of the contract under the laws of Vietnam and the United States and the recommendations drawn from the comparative study of the effective requirements of the contract under the laws of Vietnam and the United States. - Scopes ofthe research About the research space: The Legal research report on " Requirements fora Valid Contract in American and Vietnamese legal systems: A comparative perspective” Regarding the time: The thesisis conducted from September of 2023 to December of 2023. Method used to prepare the Thesis 6.
Methodology The study of the thesis will be based on the methodology ofdialectical materialism and historical materialism of Marsism-Leninism. This is considered a guideline for the orientation of the author's specific research ‘methods in the course of the thesis, This method is used by the author to study theoretical issues in the thesis, 6. Research method Specific research methods include analysis, synthesis, comparison, statistics, jurisprudence comparison, historical research, proof, practical research, and scientific prediction. These methods can be seen in all chapters ofthe Thesis.
Among these methods, the analysis and comparison methods are commonly used to build up scientific arguments for the Thesis. Thereby, there ‘will be appropriate and objective assessments andidentification to havea more complete direction for the provisions of Vietnamese law on the effective requirements of the contract in the current context ofinternational integration, 7. Thesis structure In addition to the Preface, Conclusion and References, the thesis comprises of three chapters: Chapter I: Theoretical issues of requirements for a valid contract; Chapter II: Regulations on requirements for a valid contract in American and Vietnam; Chapter II: Recommendations for improving the law on requirements for a valid contract in Vietnam. THEORETICAL ISSUES OF REQUIREMENTS FORA VALID CONTRACT 11.
Conception of requirements for a valid contract LLL Definition of requirements for a valid contracts Interms ofAmerican legal system, contracts in countries under Anglo- ‘American law do not distinguish between transactions and contracts. Contracts indude unilateral transactions and traditional continental European law contracts. The classical conception of a contract holds that it is a legally enforceable obligation created by an agreement between the obligor and the right owner. ? Inthe United States, contract lawis the term commonly used to describe the content ofthe rules that apply to the formation, execution, and termination of agreements agreed upon by private parties.
The concept of contract is the “union of the ideas of agreement and obligation”. ? Agreement is the ‘manifestation of mutual assent of two or more persons to make an exchange 3U. Gifis succinctly defines a contract as " a promise to provide for a remedy: or perform obligations recognized by law; A transaction involves two or more individuals having reciprocal rights to demand that the other party fulfill thetr promises."* "Contract," as well use that term, usually means an agreement when ‘two or more people about something that will be done in the future by one or ‘both people, Sometimes the word "contract" is also used to refer to a document - the set of papers in which such an agreement is laid out. Or usually used in See ATIVAH Generl, sgm nate 1, at 10-56 (cricsing the classical conception of « conmact as a enforceable obligato crested by ageemet) |WELLSTOOD A.