Advanced Applications Edited by Adrian K. Lim Matteo Rosselli WILEY Blackwell Liver Ultrasound From Basics to Advanced Applications Edited by Adrian K. Lim, MD, FRCP, FRCR Professor and Consultant Radiologist Department of Imaging, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK Matteo Rosselli, MD, PhD, FRCP Consultant in Internal Medicine and Honorary Associate Professor Department of Internal Medicine, San Giuseppe Hospital, USL Toscana Centro, Empoli, Italy; Division of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK This edition first published 2024 © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law.
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Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Lim, Adrian, editor. | Rosselli, Matteo, editor. Title: Liver ultrasound : from basics to advanced applications / edited by Adrian K.
Lim, Matteo Rosselli. Description: First edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell, 2024. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2022017515 (print) | LCCN 2022017516 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119612599 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119612605 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119612636 (epub) Subjects: MESH: Liver Diseases–diagnostic imaging | Liver–diagnostic imaging | Ultrasonography Classification: LCC RC847.I42 (ebook) | NLM WI 710 | DDC 616.3/620754–dc23/eng/20220610 LC record available at https://lccn.gov/2022017515 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.gov/2022017516 Cover Design by Wiley Cover Image: Courtesy of Matteo Rosselli Set in 9.5pt STIXTwoText by Straive, Pondicherry, India iii Contents List of Contributors v Forewords vii Preface ix About the Companion Website x 1 Getting Started: Ultrasound Physics and Image Formation 1 Sevan Harput, Xiaowei Zhou, and Meng-Xing Tang 2 Knobology and Terminology 23 Adrian K. Lim 3 Normal Liver Anatomy: How to Perform a Liver Ultrasound Scan 27 Adrian K. Lim, Ivica Grgurevic, and Matteo Rosselli 4 An Introduction to Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound 53 Adrian K. Harvey, and Matteo Rosselli 5 Focal Liver Lesions – Characterisation and Detection 58 Chris J.
Lim, and Matteo Rosselli 6 Ultrasound of the Biliary System 83 Matteo Rosselli, Maija Radzina, and Adrian K. Lim 7 Tropical Infections of the Liver 108 Tom Heller, Michaëla A. Huson, and Francesca Tamarozzi 8 Ultrasound in Chronic Liver Disease 124 Matteo Rosselli, Davide Roccarina, and Ivica Grgurevic 9.1 Shear Wave Elastography for Liver Disease: Part 1 156 Giovanna Ferraioli 9.2 Shear Wave Elastography for Liver Disease: Part 2 165 Matteo Rosselli, Ioan Sporea, and Giovanna Ferraioli 10 Liver Ultrasound in the Paediatric Population 191 Andreas Panayiotou, Maria E. Sellars, and Annamaria Deganello 11 Ultrasound in Vascular Liver Diseases 209 M.
Ángeles García-Criado and Annalisa Berzigotti iv Contents 12 Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Liver Disease 225 Matteo Rosselli and Robert de Knegt 13 Liver Transplantation 256 Thomas Puttick and Paul S. Sidhu 14 Ultrasound in Hepatobiliary Intervention 266 Neeral R. Burn, and Ali Alsafi 15 Advancing Ultrasound Technologies 279 Adrian K. Burn, and Caroline Ewertsen Index 286 v List of Contributors Ali Alsafi Ivica Grgurevic Department of Imaging University Hospital Dubrava Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical London, UK Nutrition, University of Zagreb School of Medicine and Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry Annalisa Berzigotti Zagreb, Croatia Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital Sevan Harput University of Bern Division of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Bern, Switzerland London South Bank University London, UK James P.
Burn Department of Imaging Chris J. Harvey Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust Department of Imaging London, UK Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust London, UK Annamaria Deganello Tom Heller Department of Radiology, King’s College Hospital; Lighthouse Trust, Lilongwe, Malawi; Division of Imaging Sciences, King’s College London International Training and Education Center for Health, London, UK University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Caroline Ewertsen Michaëla A. Huson Department of Radiology Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Rigshospitalet Internal Medicine and Radboud Center of Infectious Copenhagen, Denmark Diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, The Netherlands Robert de Knegt Giovanna Ferraioli Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia Rotterdam, The Netherlands Pavia, Italy Adrian K. Ángeles García-Criado Department of Imaging, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Radiology Department, Hospital Clínic i Provincial Trust, London, UK; University of Barcelona Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Barcelona, Spain Imperial College London, UK vi List of Contributors Andreas Panayiotou Maria E.
Sellars Department of Radiology Department of Radiology King’s College Hospital King’s College Hospital London, UK London, UK Neeral R. Sidhu Department of Imaging Department of Radiology Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust King’s College Hospital London, UK London, UK Thomas Puttick Ioan Sporea Department of Radiology Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology King’s College Hospital Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy London, UK Timisoara, Romania Maija Radzina Francesca Tamarozzi Radiology Research laboratory, Riga Stradins University; Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Diagnostic Radiology Institute, Paula Stradins University Microbiology, WHO Collaborating Centre on Hospital; Medical Faculty, University of Latvia, Strongyloidiasis and other Neglected Tropical Diseases, Riga, Latvia IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy Matteo Rosselli Department of Internal Medicine, San Giuseppe Hospital, Meng-Xing Tang USL Toscana Centro, Empoli, Italy; Department of Bioengineering Division of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Imperial College London Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, UK London, UK Xiaowei Zhou Davide Roccarina State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Careggi, Medical University, Chongqing, China Florence, Italy; Division of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK vii Forewords It gives me great pleasure to write the foreword for this very technology in hepatology. Whilst most hepatologists, usually exciting book. Every practical aspect of the discipline has with a gastroenterology training, understand the strengths been covered by an energetic team of experts, providing an and limitations of endoscopy, the same cannot be said of easily accessible manual for a branch of medical imaging ultrasonography.
Unfortunately, relatively few hepatologists that for some non-experts has been seen as highly special- have mastered ultrasound and consequently fail to fully com- ised and difficult to unlock. prehend the full versatility of this crucial diagnostic tool. Within this book lies an opportunity to correct this deficiency. Lim is a Professor of Medical Imaging at Imperial College London who, over the years, has majored Whilst no one can be expected to master a sophisticated on new ultrasound techniques, improving visualisation skill such as ultrasound without the guidance and training and discrimination of malignant from non-malignant provided by an expert, Adrian K.
Lim and Matteo Rosselli’s lesions. Dr Matteo Rosselli has worked at the Institute for ‘Liver Ultrasound’ goes a long way in providing the infor- Liver and Digestive Health at University College London for mation required to get started in this field. The first few many years. Together with Professor Adrian K.
Lim, he has chapters provide the novice with the essentials of ultra- organised the International Hepatology Ultrasound Course sound physics, liver anatomy and indeed the anatomy of at the Royal Free Hospital in London with an active oppor- the ultrasound machine, appropriately termed ‘knobology’. tunity for ‘hands-on’ experience for each delegate. Subsequent chapters deal with the common and, in some cases less common, causes of liver disease with focus on It was this practical approach to teaching and problem solving focal liver lesions, biliary tract disease, vascular disease and that has informed this easily digestible book. As a hepatologist ultrasound in chronic liver disease.
This book also deals who has relied on the expertise of Professor Adrian K. Lim with relatively new developments in ultrasound including and Dr Matteo Rosselli for important diagnostic advice on a the use of shearwave elastography for assessment of liver tidal wave of patients over the years, it is gratifying to see their fibrosis and microbubble ultrasound for characterisation of knowledge opened up to a wider audience. space-occupying lesions. The practical nature of this book is Professor Simon Taylor-Robinson illustrated by the chapter on interventional radiology tech- Professor of Translational Medicine niques which includes a guide to managing patients with Imperial College London coagulopathy requiring invasive procedures - frequently a source of tension between radiologist and hepatologist.
Lim and Matteo Rosselli are This is a book which I would strongly recommend to all genuine experts in the field of liver ultrasonography. trainee hepatologists and gastroenterologists. It really Together they combine the skills and knowledge of the should be considered as essential reading for those hepa- clinical radiologist with the domain expertise of the prac- tologists planning to undertake training in liver ultrasound ticing hepatologist to address an aspect of patient care and should definitely be included in the induction pack for which is crucial in the day-to-day management of patients radiology trainees.