THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY HOANG MAI ANH RESEARCH OF THE INSTANT TEA PRODUCTION PROCESS FROM GANODERMA SUBRESINOSUM BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full time Major : Food Technology Faculty : Advanced Education Programs Batch : 2017 - 2022 Thai Nguyen, 2022 Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Food Technology Student name HOANG MAI ANH Student ID DTN1754190016 Research of the instant tea production process from Thesis Title Ganoderma subresinosum Supervisor MSc. Dinh Thi Kim Hoa Supervisor’s signature ABSTRACT: Ganoderma subresinosum, which grows on decayed trunks, belongs to the genus of Ganoderma. This species of fungus is claimed to have diverse pharmaceutical effects owing to the plentiful contained bioactive substances. Nonetheless, most of current products are raw-sliced caps and fruiting bodies of Ganoderma subresinosum.
Lack of ready-to-use products from Ganoderma subresinosum on present market results in scanty consumption of this fungus itself. Therefore, this study focused on the process of producing instant tea from Ganoderma subresinosum on a laboratory scale. To produce this kind of instant tea, the total polysaccharide content will be extracted. In which, the highest total polysaccharides were extracted in solvent ethanol 80% by using ultrasonic treatment time at 4 minutes with sound intensity 100 Db.
The corresponding chosen ratio for solvent per material is 1/20. In addition to this, the extracted time and temperature are 90 minutes and 80oC respectively. Besides, the ability of scavenging free radicals of instant tea from Ganoderma subresinosum was conducted. The instant tea product was made from Ganoderma subresinosum extract and other herbal extracts with the sensory quality were evaluated by the sensory panel.
Other characteristics of instant tea from Ganoderma subresinosum had also been analized. Ganoderma subresinosum, Polysaccharide, Instant Keywords : tea product, extraction process, antioxidant activity. Number of pages: 70 Date of submission: June 1st, 2022 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to earnestly express my sincere thank to the Lecturers of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, especially the teachers in the Advance Education Programme, the Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Technology, the Institution of Life-Science, and last but not least Chemical and Supplies Offices of Institution of Life-Science for giving me the golden opportunity to learn and be learned during four years. I am dearly obligated to MSc.
Dinh Thi Kim Hoa, a Lecturer in the Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, who always gave me wholehearted guidance in the process of studying and conducting my graduate research. I would also like to express my special thanks of gratitude to MSc Luu Hong Son and MSc Nguyen Thuong Tuan, teachers, and friends in the Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology as well as the Institution of Life-science for guiding and supplementing my laboratory skill and knowledge, and for always creating favorable conditions for me in the research process. I am overwhelmed in all gratefulness to acknowledge my depth to my family and friends for cheering me up during my graduation thesis. Thank you sincerely! Thai Nguyen, June 02, 2022 Sincerely Hoang Mai Anh iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLE.
1 LIST OF FIGURE. 3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Scientific and practical significance. The scientific meanings of the topic.
The practical meanings of the topic. Overview of Ganoderma subresinosum. Characteristics of Ganoderma subresinosum. Distribution of Ganoderma subresinoisum.
Overview of the chemical compositions of Ganoderma subresinosum. Overview of biological effects (pharmacology) of Ganoderma subresinosum. Product from Ganoderma subresinosum. Overview of herbal extraction process.
Overview of extraction solvents and extraction methods. Overview of advantages and disadvantages of herbal extraction. Overview about instant tea. Origin of instant tea.
Overview of additional material for the production of instant tea. Process of making instant tea powder. Production and consumption of instant tea in the country and in the world. 28 iv CHAPTER III.
MATERIALS, RESEARCH CONTENTS, AND METHODS. Materials, chemicals, and equipments. Chemicals and equipments. Reseach scope and time table.
Experimental design method. Sensory assessment method according to TCVN 3215-79. Data statistical analysis methods. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.
Analytical results of the chemical composition of Ganoderma subresinosum. The results of factors that affect the extraction of total polysaccharide from Ganoderma Subresinosum. The results of research on the effect of ultrasonic treatment time on the efficiency of total polysaccharide extracted from Ganoderma subresinosum. The results of selecting the size of material on the efficiency of extracting polysaccharides in Ganoderma subresinosum.
The results of the study on selecting solvent concentration to extract polysaccharides from Ganoderma subresinosum. The results of selecting the ratio of raw materials Ganoderma subresinosum and solvent. Research results of selecting the extraction time total polysaccharide from Ganoderma subresinosum. Research results of selecting temperature for extraction of total polysaccharide from Ganoderma subresinosum.
Research on choosing the suitable ratios of Ganoderma subresinosum extract and additive ingredients. The results of the research on the drying temperature of mixture of Ganoderma subresinosum extract and additive ingridients to produce instant tea. The complete process for producing instant tea Ganoderma subresinosum. Quality evaluation of instant tea products from extracted polysaccharide of Ganoderma subresinosum.
Evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of instant tea from Ganoderma subresinosum. Evaluation on the sensory assessment of instant tea product from Ganoderma subresinosum based on TCVN 3215-79. The result of microbiological analysis in instant tea from Ganoderma subresinosum according to 46/2007/QD-BYT and QCVN 8-1:2001/BYT. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION.
Ballot for product sensory assessment score. Results about the effect of the ultrasonic treatment time on the efficiency of extraction total polysaccharide from Ganoderma Subresinosum. The results of study on selecting material size to extract polysaccharides from Ganoderma subresinosum. The results of study on selecting solvent concentration to extract polysaccharides from Ganoderma subresinosum.
The results of selecting the ratio of raw materials Ganoderma Subresinosum. Research results of selecting the time to extract total polysaccharides from Ganoderma Subresinosum. Research results of selecting temperature for extraction of total polysaccharides from Ganoderma Subresinosum. Effect that the mixing ratio affects product quality.
Sensory temperature affects product quality. The results of radical scarvenging ability of instant tea powder from Ganoderma subreinosum and Acid ascorbic. Line chart of D-glucose standard curve in the method of determination of total polysaccharides by Phenol-sulfuric acid analysis method for Total Polysaccharide. Line chart of radical scarvenging ability of instant tea powder from Ganoderma subresinosum and Acid ascorbic.
81 vii LIST OF TABLE Table 3. Experiment chemicals, experimental equipment and instruments. Experimental design to study the effect of ultrasonic treatment time on the extraction efficiency of polysaccharide in Ganoderma subresinosum. Experimental design to study the size of material on the extraction efficiency of polysaccharide in Ganoderma subresinosum.
Experimental design to select solvents concentration for extracting polysaccharide from Ganoderma subresinosum. Research on selecting the ratio of Ganoderma subresinosum material with solvent for extracting total polysaccharide. Experimental study on selecting the time of extraction. The effect of temperature on efficiency of polysaccharide extracted from Ganoderma subresinosum .8: The mixing ratio of Ganoderma subresinosum extract and herbal additive extracts.
Experimental design to investigate the effect of drying temperature on instant tea sensory quality. Instant tea weight coefficient for sensory evaluation .11: Scores of quality levels. Ash, moisture and protein contents of Ganoderma subresinosum. Results of the effect of the ultrasonic treatment time on the efficiency of extraction of total polysaccharide from Ganoderma subresinosum.
Results of the effect of material size on the efficiency of extraction of total polysaccharide from Ganoderma subresinosum. The effect of the solvent concentration on the efficiency of extracting total polysaccharide from Ganoderma subresinosum. Effects of material/solvent ratio on the efficiency of extracting total polysaccharides in Ganoderma subresinosum. Effect of extraction time on the efficiency of extracting total polysaccharide in Ganoderma subresinosum.
Effect of temperature on extraction efficiency of polysaccharide in Ganoderma subresinosum. The effects of ratios of Ganoderma Subresinosum extract and additive ingredients on the sensory quality of the product. The effects of drying temperature. The antioxidant activity of instant tea powder from Ganoderma subresinosum and Acid ascorbic.
The sensory assessment of instant tea product from Ganoderma subresinosum. The results of microbiological analysis of in instant tea product from Ganoderma subresinosum. The results of heavy metal count present in instant tea product from Ganoderma subresinosum. The preliminary cost calculation for 5g piece of instant tea product from Ganoderma subresinosum.65 2 LIST OF FIGURE Figure 1: Ganoderma subresinosum.
11 Figure 2: Some Products developed from Ganoderma subresinosum. 18 Figure 3: Structural formula of lastose. 23 Figure 4: Lactose powder. 23 Figure 5: Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.
24 Figure 6: Glycyrrhixa glabra L. 26 Figure 7: Diagram of process of making instant tea powder. 27 Figure 8: Instant tea products in the world and Vietnam market. 30 Figure 9: The expected procedure of making instant tea product from Ganoderma subresinosum and additive ingredients.
40 Figure 10: Diagram of instant tea production process. 60 3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS F Formula TCVN Vietnamese standard DPPH 1,1-Diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl ML Maximun level CFU Colony forming unit MNP Most probable number 4 CHAPTER I. Research rationale Modern civilization leads to the increasing demand of its civilians toward superiority in life. So countless products are created to meet the needs of purchasers.
Tea is the most influential drink during the development of human history until the present. According to some articles and studies, Asia – especially Southwest China, is considered the cradle of tea culture globally. At first, tea was used as a herbal remedy until it was recognized as a daily drink. Finally, tea is seen as an artistic activity that should be enhanced in creativity and study as well as enjoyment.
Currently, in the world and Vietnam particularly, tea not only plays a trending role as a quenching beverage, but it is also equally important as herbal medicine. Drinking tea appropriately brings many benefits to human health since tea is an anti-cancer agent in various models such as liver, breast, lung or ancreas, and esophagus. Also, tea is genuinely beneficial in some certain medic conditions such as high blood pressure and cholesterol, etc (Hara, 2011). The diversification of tea products has been clearly demonstrated in recent years.
Besides dried tea products, ready-to-drink tea products, tea bags, instant tea products are also available. In the age of technology development, producing time is highly considered to be the priority. Therefore, the beverage industry is required to launch products that accommodate both quality and time-saving. Accordingly, instant tea is the product that meets this conditional requirement.
Not only quenching thirst at once, but instant tea also provides a great deal of energy and water, and eventually, it is a source of vitamin C to help strengthen the body’s resistance, protect cells from the harmful effect of free radicals. For the economic aspect, instant tea is absolutely a potential good for development. Throughout the development of human history, plants that belong to Fungi have been considered as an essential element that used as a main component for brewing beer process or bread making or even tea producing. Some of them are said to be poisonous despite their very attractive and eye-catching appearance.
In contrast, mushrooms with an intimidating appearance are used as daily nourishment. Among which, for certain species of mushrooms, is studied as a 5 medicinal or health-promoting herb (Boston & Ma 02115 +1495‑1000, 2020). Ganoderma lucidum Kast has primevally been known as a mystical medicine that can be used only by the emperors. Through time, Garnodema species became known as a health-boosting medication that even a commoner could afford.
Based on the facts that had been signified from ancient people who used this tonic derived from Ganoderma lucidum Kast.