THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY NGUYEN THI THU HIEN Preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment report at EJC Joint Stock Company in Bac Giang Province BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : International Programs Office Bath : 2013 - 2017 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name Nguyen Thi Thu Hien Student ID DTN1353110106 Thesis Tiltle Preparation of environmental impact assessment reports at EJC Joint Stock Company in Bac Giang Province Supervisor Dr. Duong Van Thao, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Vietnam Abstract: Vietnam has one of the fastest growing economies in the world and has achieved significant socio-economic development in recent years. However this growth is placing increased pressure on an already depleted natural environment. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is recognised by the Government and international organizations as an important tool in the management of the impacts of future development on the country's natural resource base.
This paper discusses about preparation of EIA reports in EJC Joint Stock Company in Bac Giang province. Through real knowledge and experience to help intership students to understand more about the role of EIA and realized limitation exits when implementing the EIA reports in EJC Joint Stock Company and proposed sollutions Keywords EIA, EJC Joint Stock Company Number of papers 46 Date of submission: 10/10/2017 Supervisor’s signature: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Completion of my Bachelor Thesis at Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry has not been achieved by my efforts alone, but memorably contributed by many wonderful people to whom I must express my great thanks. My sincere gratitude is offered to Dr. Duong Van Thao who gave me a precious opportunity to carry out this study along with his enthusiastic support throughout my thesis with his patience and knowledge whilst allowing me the room to work in my own way.
I attribute the level of my Bachelor degree to his encouragement and effort. Secondly, I would like to express my sincere thanks to all members in EJC Joint Stock Company for giving me the best condition to finish this report. Last but not the least, I would like to thank all of my family members and dear friends who always encourage and back me up unceasingly. NGUYEN THI THU HIEN TABLE OF CONTENT PART I.
1 PART II: LITERATURE REVIEW. Overview of Environmental impact assessment. Historical background of EIA. EIA and Some International Organizations.
Worldwide spread of EIA. General EIA procedures. World Wide Effectiveness of EIA. Overview of Environmental impact assessment in Viet Nam.
Historical background of EIA in Viet Nam. EIA procedure in Viet Nam. Definitions of EIA. PREPARATION OF EIA REPORTS AT EJC JOINT STOCK COMPANY 34 3.
Overview of EJC Joint Stock Company. List of EIA reports were implemented by EJC Joint Stock Company in 2015 and 2016. Main content of an EIA report. Structure of the EIA report.
Steps to undertake the EIA report. 39 PART IV: DISCUSSION ON PREPARATION OF EIA REPORTS IN. 41 EJC JOINT STOCK COMPANY. 45 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: NEPA process.
5 Figure 2: General EIA Procedures (Sadler, 1996). 18 LIST OF TABLES (IF NECESSARY) Table 1. History and evolution of EIA. 6 Table 2: Project Level EIA Legislation Year (1969 – 1995).
14 Table 3: EIA projects had implemented in 2015 by EJC Joint Stock Company. 34 Table 4: EIA projects had implemented in 2016 by EJC Joint Stock Company. 35 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS DoE - Department of Environment GIS - Geographical Information System EA - Environmental Assessment EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EMP - Environment Management Programme IAIA - International Association of Impact Assessment NEPA - National Environmental Policy Act OECD - Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OD - Operation Directive SEA - Strategic Environmental Assessment SIA - Social Impact AssessmentS PART I. INTRODUCTION Environmental degradation and the depletion of natural resources induced by human activities have attracted steadily growing concerns in the last decades.
Such concerns made evident the necessity for the planning authorities to counton sound information about the possible environmental consequences of development actions. One of the tools available to satisfy this need is represented by the procedure of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). This procedure involves the systematic identification and evaluation of the impacts on the environment caused by a proposed project. EIA is now applied worldwide.
Its potential role in attaining sustainable development objectives was explicitly recognized during the 1992 Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro (United Nations 1992). Environmental Impact Assessment can be broadly defined as the systematic identification and evaluation of the potential impacts (effects) of proposed projects plans, programmes or legislative actions relative to the physical – chemical, biological, cultural and socio economic components of thetotal environment (Canter, 1996). EIA is a planning tool that is now generally accepted as an integral component of sound decision-making. The objective of EIA is to foresee and address potential environmental problems/concerns at an early stage of project planning and design.
EIA systematically examines both beneficial and adverse consequences of the project and ensures that these effects are taken into account during project design. It helps to identify possible environmental effects of the proposed project,proposes measures to mitigate adverse effects and predicts whether there will be significant adverse environmental effects, even after the mitigation is implemented. 1 EJC Joint Stock Company is a company founded in 2012, is a consultant specializing consulting in environmental procedures. Doing intership here has given a lot of real experience in my major field of study.
The EIA report is one of the legal procedures that many businesses have assigned to EJC Joint Stock Company to consult and implement. During intership time here, I have learnt EIA procedure and through that, i realized that EIA is a nessessary procedure but there are limmitation on implementing in EIA reports at EJC Joint Stock Company. Therefore, I conducted the research " Preparation of EIA reports at EJC Joint Stock Company in Bac Giang Province". 2 PART II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.
Overview of Environmental impact assessment 2. Historical background of EIA Our understanding of the connections between human life and other elements of nature is limited. However, we also have the power to destroy the natural systems that sustain us. Our capacity for destruction is illustrated through the deterioration of the ozone layer, through the extinction of species, and through mass deforestation and desertification that has happened in the past few decades.
To realize that all of this has happened unknowingly and unintentionally, only adds to our capacity to destroy the Earth System. In many parts of the world,economic development projects directed at improving levels of material comfort have had unintended detrimental effects on people and natural resources. Water, land, and air have been degraded to the point where they can no longer sustain existing levels of development and quality of life. With in adequate environmental planning, human activities have resulted in the disruption of social and communal harmony, the loss of human livelihood and life, the introduction of new diseases, and the destruction of renewable resources.
These and other consequences can negate the positive benefits of economic development. This was realized by the people of United States (US), when such problems had first started affecting the quality of their life. Consequently, the environmental concerns of the present day are often attributed to the environmental movement that had taken shape in US, in the early sixties. Popular support apart, the success of the environmental movement in the US is reflected in the forests and wild areas it helped set aside as well as in the laws it got enacted.
Having protected large chunks of 3 wilderness from the threat of ‘development’, the American environmental movement had then turned its attention to controlling the hazardous by-products of industrialization: air andwater pollution, and the production of toxic or radioactive wastes (Guha, 2000). At this stage, the “Silent Spring ” book was published by Rachel Carson – a marine biologist,which took social awareness towards environmental issues to its next level. Born in the wake of such elevated concern about environmental pollution, the U. Environmental Protection Agency opened its doors in Washington, D.
Even before this, the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA, 1969) of the United States of America was constituted and for the first time, EIA requiring environmental considerationin large-scale projects was enforced as legislation. Since then, EIA has been one of the successful environmental policy innovations of the 20th century. The phrase Environmental Impact Assessment comes from Sec. NEPA ushered in a new era of environmental awareness by requiring federal agencies to include environmental protection in all their plans and activities.
And it created the environmental impact statement for assessing the likely effects of projects that agencies intend to build, finance or permit. NEPA also provided the interested and affected public with one of its most important tools – the right to bring a case to court. Until NEPA was enacted, it was very difficult to persuade the courts to hear cases involving environmental issues such as land-use changes. Litigation during the 1960s and 1970s established that any adverse effect to even a non-economic value (viz.
aesthetic, conservational, recreational, etc.) could be taken to court. Although the 4 effectiveness of NEPA is often questioned, it is largely agreed that NEPA made a significant difference in environmental decision-making at the highest level. The influence of NEPA (1969), which had the concept of ‘EIA system’ asits bedrock, was extended beyond the US and provoked the introduction of EIA policy in many countries in Europe, Asia and elsewhere. Figure 1: NEPA process In the more than two decades since the passage of NEPA, nations around the world, international lending agencies, and multilateral development organizations have initiated similar requirements for assessing and managing impacts upon the environment of the developing activities.
By the middle of the last decade, EIA had become a requirement in more than 100 countries (Canter 1996). In many European countries, it came into vogue with the introduction of the concept of sustainable development after the World Commission of Environment in 1987. In India, EIA came into existence around 1978-79 and was made mandatory only in 1994 5 Table 1. History and evolution of EIA Evolution of Environmental Impact Assessment Pre - 1970 • Projects review based on technical/ engineering and economic analysis.
• Limited consideration given to environmental consequences. Early/Mid - 1970s • EIA introduced by NEPA in 1970 in US. • Basic principle: Guidelines, procedures including public participation requirement instituted. • Standard methodologies for impact analysis developed(e.
matrix, checklist and network). • Several other countries adopt NEPA-based approach(e., Canada, Australia, New Zealand) • Major public inquires (rather than court litigations) help shape the process's development Late 1970s to • More formalized guidance (e., CEQ guidelines) early1980s • Other industrial and developing countries introduced formal EIA requirements and began to use the processinformally or experimentally. • Use of Environment assessment(EA) by developing countries (Brazil, Philippines,China, Indonesia) • Social Impact Assessment , risk analysis included in EA processes 6 • Greater emphasis on ecological modeling, prediction andevaluation methods. • Environmental inquiries in several countries encompass policy review aspects • Coordination of EA with land use planning processes Mid 1980s to end • EC Directive on EIA establishes basic principles and of decade procedural requirements for all member states.
• Increasing efforts to address cumulative effects. • Development of follow-up mechanisms (e.,compliances and effects monitoring, auditing, impact management). • Ecosystem and landscape level approaches applied (e.,to assess wet land losses). • World Bank and other international lending and aid agencies establish EA requirements.
• Increasing number of developing countries carry out Eas (e. 1990s • Requirement to consider trans-boundary effects under Espoo Convention • EIA identified as implementing mechanism for UN conventions on climate change and biological diversity.
