Mummaneni Paul Park Charles H. Crawford III Adam S. Glassman Editors Spinal Deformity A Case-Based Approach to Managing and Avoiding Complications 123 Spinal Deformity Praveen V. Mummaneni • Paul Park Charles H.
Crawford III • Adam S. Glassman Editors Spinal Deformity A Case-Based Approach to Managing and Avoiding Complications Editors Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD Paul Park, MD Joan O’Reilly Endowed Professor in Professor Spinal Surgery, Vice Chairman, Director of Spinal Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery University of California, University of Michigan San Francisco, CA, USA Ann Arbor, MI, USA Charles H. Crawford III, MD Adam S.
Kanter, MD University of Louisville, Chief, Division of Spine Surgery, Norton Leatherman Spine Center Associate Professor of Neurological Louisville, KY, USA Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Steven D. Glassman, MD Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Louisville, Norton Leatherman Spine Center Louisville, KY, USA ISBN 978-3-319-60082-6 ISBN 978-3-319-60083-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-60083-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017951047 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc.
in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland To my family for their love and support. To our patients, for their trust and understanding. Crawford III, MD With gratitude to the Leatherman spine fellows, who have made me a better surgeon. Glassman, MD To my sons Jared and Jeremy, for teaching me that one man’s weakness can be another man’s strength, as fortitude comes in many forms.
Kanter, MD To the ones that matter the most, my wife and two boys. Paul Park, MD For my wife and children for their love and support. For my residents and fellows whose work ethic is inspiring. Mummaneni, MD Contents 1 A Historic Overview of Complications in Spinal Deformity Surgery.
Glassman Part I Cervical 2 Occipitocervical Surgery Complication. 7 Todd Vogel and Dean Chou 3 Transoral Odontoidectomy and C1-2 Posterior Fusion Complication. Aguirre, and Praveen V. Mummaneni 4 Mid-Cervical Kyphosis Surgery Complication.
29 Dan Harwell and Frank La Marca 5 Cervical Kyphosis (Post-laminectomy) Surgery Complication. 35 Domagoj Coric and Tyler Atkins 6 Cervical Osteomyelitis and Kyphosis Complication. Chang, and Khoi D. Than 7 Cervical Traumatic Deformity (Bilateral Facet Dislocation) Complication.
Lee, Joseph Osorio, and Sanjay Dhall 8 Cervical Kyphosis (Neuromuscular) Surgery Complication. 59 Salazar Jones and Charles Sansur 9 Cervicothoracic Kyphosis (Dropped Head Deformity) Surgery Complication. 67 Subaraman Ramchandran, Themistocles S. Protopsaltis, and Christopher P.
Ames 10 Iatrogenic Cervicothoracic Kyphosis Surgery Complication. 75 Frank Valone III, Lee A. Tan, Vincent Traynellis, and K. Daniel Riew vii viii Contents Part II Thoracolumbar 11 Thoracic Scoliosis (AIS) Posterior Surgery Complication.
Hubbard and Daniel J. Sucato 12 Scheuermann’s Kyphosis Surgery Complication. 115 Abhishek Kumar, Dante Leven, Yuan Ren, and Baron Lonner 13 Thoracic Deformity (Pott’s Disease) Surgery Complication. 123 Kin Cheung Mak and Kenneth M.
Cheung 14 Thoracolumbar Scoliosis (AIS) Posterior Surgery Complication. 137 Chewei Liu, Lee A. Blanke, and Lawrence G. Lenke 15 Congenital Thoracolumbar Deformity Complication.
145 Thomas Kosztowski, Rafael De la Garza Ramos, C. Rory Goodwin, and Daniel M. Sciubba 16 Thoracolumbar Deformity (Trauma) Surgery Complication. Omar Iqbal 17 Thoracic Deformity (Tumor) Surgery Complications.
Newman and Nduka M. Amankulor 18 Thoracic/Lumbar Deformity (Tumor) MIS Surgery Complication. 173 Todd Vogel, Junichi Ohya, and Dean Chou 19 Lumbar Deformity (Vascular) Surgery Complication. Kanter, and David O.
Okonkwo 20 Lumbar Scoliosis (Degenerative) Posterior Surgery Complication. 185 Travis Loidolt, Jeffrey L. Gum, and Charles H. Crawford III 21 Lumbar (Degenerative) Scoliosis: Complication in Anterior/Posterior Surgery.
Eichler, Ryan Mayer, and S. Samuel Bederman 22 Thoracolumbar Deformity MIS (Palsy) Surgery Complication. 211 Neel Anand, Jason E. Cohen, and Ryan B.
Cohen 23 Lumbar Scoliosis (Degenerative) and MIS (Lateral) Surgery Complications. Mosley and Juan S. Uribe 24 Lumbar Scoliosis (Degenerative) MIS Surgery (PSO/TLIF) Complication. 225 Peng-Yuan Chang and Michael Y.
Wang Contents ix 25 Lumbar Scoliosis (Degenerative) MIS Surgery (PJK) Complication. Joseph and Paul Park 26 Lumbar Deformity MIS Lateral (Visceral) Surgery Complication. 239 Kourosh Tavanaiepour and Adam S. Kanter 27 Thoracolumbar Deformity: MIS ACR Complications.
and Pooria Hosseini 28 Lumbar Deformity (Infection) Surgery Complication. 259 Sasha Vaziri and Daniel J. Hoh 29 Sagittal Plane Deformity Surgery: Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy (PSO) Complication. 269 Hongda Bao, Sravisht Iyer, and Frank J.
Schwab 30 Sagittal Plane Deformity Surgery (VCR) Complication. Smith, and Christopher I. Shaffrey 31 Lumbar Deformity Spondylolisthesis (Moderate–High Grade) Complication. Graham, Sohaib Hashmi, Joseph P.
Maslak, and Tyler R. Koski 32 Pediatric Moderate-/High-Grade Spondylolisthesis Surgery Complication. Kelly 33 High-Grade Dysplastic Spondylolisthesis Surgery Complication. Gussous, and Sigurd H.
Berven 34 Sacral Insufficiency Fracture Surgery Complication. 321 Michael LaBagnara, Durga R. Shaffrey, and Justin S. Smith 35 Sacral Tumor Surgery Complications.
Aguirre, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA Nduka M. Amankulor, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Christopher P. Ames, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA Neel Anand, MD Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Spine Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA Tyler Atkins, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA Hongda Bao, MD, PhD Hospital for Special Surgery, Weil-Cornell School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA S. Samuel Bederman, MD, PhD, FRCSC Restore Orthopedics and Spine Center, Orange, CA, USA Sigurd H.
Berven, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California – San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA Kathy M. Blanke, RN Department of Orthopedics, The Spine Hospital, NewYork Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA Avery L. Buchholz, MD, MPH Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA Andrew K. Chan, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA Jason J.
Chang, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA Peng-Yuan Chang, MD Neuroregeneration Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Departments of Neurosurgery & Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Lois Pope Life Center, Miami, FL, USA xi xii Contributors Kenneth M. Cheung, MD, FRCS, FHKAM(Orth) Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China Dean Chou, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA Jason E. Cohen, BS Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA Ryan B. Cohen, BS Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA Domagoj Coric, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Carolinas Medical Center/Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Association, Charlotte, NC, USA Charles H.
Crawford III, MD University of Louisville, Norton Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, KY, USA Rafael De la Garza Ramos, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Sanjay Dhall, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA Martin C. Eichler, MD Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Switzerland Gurpreet S. Gandhoke, MD, MCH Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Steven D.
Glassman, MD Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Louisville, Norton Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, KY, USA C. Rory Goodwin, MD, PhD Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Randall B. Graham, MD Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, Chicago, IL, USA Jeffrey L. Gum, MD Norton Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, KY, USA Yazeed M.
Gussous, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA Dan Harwell, MD Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Sohaib Hashmi, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA Robert F. Heary, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospital, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA Daniel J. Hoh, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Contributors xiii Pooria Hosseini, MD San Diego Spine Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA Elizabeth W. Hubbard, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Kentucky and Shriner’s Hospital for Children Lexington, Lexington, KY, USA Sravisht Iyer, MD Hospital for Special Surgery, Weil-Cornell School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Salazar Jones, MD Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA Jacob R.
Joseph, MD Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Adam S. Kanter, MD Chief, Division of Spine Surgery, Associate Professor of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Michael P. Kelly, MD, MCSI Washington University, School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Saint Louis, MO, USA Tyler R. Koski, MD Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, Chicago, IL, USA Thomas Kosztowski, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Abhishek Kumar, MD, FRCSC Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, USA Michael LaBagnara, MD Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA Frank La Marca, MD Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Young M.
Lee, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA Lawrence G. Lenke, MD Department of Orthopedics, The Spine Hospital, NewYork Presbyterian/Allen, New York, NY, USA Dante Leven, DO, PT Orthopedic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA Chewei Liu, MD Department of Orthopedics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Travis Loidolt, DO Bone and Joint Hospital at St. Anthony, Oklahoma City, OK, USA Baron Lonner, MD Orthopedic Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA xiv Contributors Kin Cheung Mak, MBBS, FRCS, FHKAM (Orth) Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China Joseph P. Maslak, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA Ryan Mayer, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA Yusef I.
Mosley, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA Praveen V. Mummaneni, MD Joan O’Reilly Endowed Professor in Spinal Surgery, Vice Chairman, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA Gregory M., MD Scripps Clinic Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA, USA William C. Newman, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Junichi Ohya, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA David O. Okonkwo, MD, PhD Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, PA, USA M.
Omar Iqbal, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA Joseph Osorio, MD, PhD Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA Priscilla S. Pang, MD, MS Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA Paul Park, MD, Professor, Director of Spinal Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Themistocles S. Protopsaltis, MD Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA John C.