No prior knowledge in geology is assumed and the course starts from basic geological concepts (e. minerals, igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks, rock deformation and geological time) then moves onto the petroleum system (e. source rocks, reservoir rocks, sealing rocks, maturation, migration and trapping of hydrocarbons) and finally introduces the tools used in petroleum exploration (seismic surveying, drilling and logging). 8/25/2015 Thai Ba Ngoc – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 4 Content Throughout the semester one lecture per week is also given by a guest speaker from different sectors of the petroleum industry in order to provide an overview of the petroleum industry.
Theoretical concepts introduced during the lectures are applied during an overnight feilf trip, which provides a small group discovery experience as students work in small teams to make a geological map. 8/25/2015 Thai Ba Ngoc – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 5 Objectives • Understanding the major physio-lithology of oil and gas reservoir • Understanding the principle and mechanism of trap. • Understanding the basic principles and approach in seal study • Understanding and determining the hydrocarbon generation and migration • Understanding and analyzing the subsurface in hydrocarbon generation and preservation • Application of subsuface map and X-section • The habitate of hydrocarbon in sedimentary basin • The ability to determine the appropriate hydrocarbon exploration methods 8/25/2015 Thai Ba Ngoc – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 6 A bit about me •Education:B., Hydrogeology & Engineeringgeology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam, 2009., Petroleum Geology_Application, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology,Vietnam, 2012. •Lecturer at The University of Technology, 2009– Present • Academic Awards ü Outstanding graduates 2009 ü Fellowship of spe 2005 ü Typical young teachers ü Chaired many scientific topics ü Published many scientific articles in journals and conferences • Work Experience Description: teaching and participating research in the field: Reservoir Engineering, Reserve Estimation, Modeling and Simulation, Applied Hydrogeology for O & G exploration, O & G formation evaluation, Geotechnics, Geostatistics, Applied Mathematics for Petroleum Science.
8/25/2015 Thai Ba Ngoc – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 7 Request list of board staff, address and contact phone subgroups: 4-5 students per group, group chief, information email Contact: Thai Ba Ngoc – Geology Petroleum Department Phone: 0972 42 77 55 E.mail: ngocbk44@gmail.com tbngoc@hcmut.vn 8/25/2015 Thai Ba Ngoc – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 8 Course Structure BEGINNING Chapter 1: ORIGIN & PROPERTIES OF HYDROCARBON (Nguoàn goác vaø tính chaát daàu khí) Chapter 2: RESERVOIR (Taàng chöùa ) Chapter 3: TRAP (Baãy) Chapter 4: SEAL (Taàng chaén) Chapter 5: GENERATION AND MIGRATION OF HYDROCARBON (Söï hình thaønh vaø di cö cuûa HC) Chapter 6: THE SUBSURFACE ENVIRONMENT (Moâi tröôøng ngaàm) Chapter 7: SUBSURFACE MAPPING AND CROSS SECTION (Baûn ñoà vaø maët caét taàng ngaàm) Chapter 8: THE HABITA OF HYDROCARBONS IN SEDIMENTARY BASINS (Cö truù cuûa HC trong caùc boàn traàm tích) Chapter 9: DRILLING AND WELL COMPLETION (Coâng ngheä khoan-hoaøn taát gieáng vaø khai thaùc DK) Chapter 10: PETROLEUM EXPLORATION-EVALUATION METHODS (Caùc phöông phaùp tìm kieám thaåm löôïng DK) 8/25/2015 Thai Ba Ngoc – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 9 Assessment •Overall Purpose –to encourage you to revise, learn, read more broadly –to test your understanding and learning - not just your ability to recall (that is assumed) •Assessment Summary –The course will be assessed with a weighting of •10% in-class tests, •10% assignments, •10% practical project, •20% middle exam, •50% final exam. 8/25/2015 Thai Ba Ngoc – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 10 Assessment •In-class tests, –mainly for illustration/practice of final exam style Questions –provide some timely feedback on how you go with them •There will be 2 in-term tests that will count towards the final assessment. Dates of the in-term tests will be given via MyUni two weeks in advance. Approximate schedules are –5th week –9th week •There are 3 assignments.
•Alternative test dates for students who cannot be present on the date of the test on medical and compassionate grounds can be requested through the Course Coordinator. 8/25/2015 Thai Ba Ngoc – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 11 Course Information: Approximate Schedule Chapter 1: ORIGIN & PROPERTIES OF HYDROCARBON 1st – 2nd Week Chapter 2: RESERVOIR 3rd – 4th Week Chapter 3: TRAP 5th Week Chapter 4: SEAL 6th Week Chapter 5: GENERATION AND MIGRATION OF HYDROCARBON7th Week Chapter 6: THE SUBSURFACE ENVIRONMENT 8th Week Chapter 7: SUBSURFACE MAPPING AND CROSS SECTION 9th - 10th Week Chapter 8: THE HABITA OF HYDROCARBONS IN SEDIMENTARY BASINS 11th Week Chapter 9: DRILLING AND WELL COMPLETION 12th Week Chapter 10: PETROLEUM EXPLORATION-EVALUATION METHODS 13th Week Presentation 14th Week 8/25/2015 Thai Ba Ngoc – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 12 Useful Text • Baøi giaûng ñòa chaát daàu khí (Tieáng Anh), nguoàn töø boä 56 ñóa CD veà daàu khí-IHRDC, Houston, USA. • Basic petroleum geology, Peter K. Link, OGCI publications (Oil and Gas Consultants International, Inc.), 1987, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA.
North, 1990, Unwin Hyman Inc. • Geochemistry in petroleum exploration, 1985, D. Waples, International Human Resources Development Coporation, Boston, USA 8/25/2015 Thai Ba Ngoc – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 13 Useful Text CAÙC TAÏP CHÍ ÑÒA CHAÁT DAÀU KHÍ Taïp chí daàu khí, Tập đoàn Dầu Khí Quốc gia Việt nam; American Association of petroleum geologist (AAPG); Journal of petroleum geology (England) The Australian petroleum exploration association (APEA) CAÙC TAÏP CHÍ LIEÂN QUAN ÑEÁN ÑÒA CHAÁT DAÀU KHÍ Taïp chí ñòa chaát Sedimentology (Traàm tích hoïc) Sedimentary geology (Ñòa chaát traàm tích) Journal of sedimentary petrology (Taïp chí thaïch hoïc TT) 8/25/2015 Thai Ba Ngoc – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 14 Useful Text CAÙC TAÏP CHÍ ÑÒA CHAÁT DAÀU KHÍ Taïp chí daàu khí, Tập đoàn Dầu Khí Quốc gia Việt nam; American Association of petroleum geologist (AAPG); Journal of petroleum geology (England) The Australian petroleum exploration association (APEA) CAÙC TAÏP CHÍ LIEÂN QUAN ÑEÁN ÑÒA CHAÁT DAÀU KHÍ Taïp chí ñòa chaát Sedimentology (Traàm tích hoïc) Sedimentary geology (Ñòa chaát traàm tích) Journal of sedimentary petrology (Taïp chí thaïch hoïc TT) 8/25/2015 Thai Ba Ngoc – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 15 ENJOY IT 8/25/2015 Thai Ba Ngoc – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 16 BEGINNING 8/25/2015 Thai Ba Ngoc – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 17 THE CONTEXT OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGY 8/25/2015 Thai Ba Ngoc – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 18 Relationship of Petroleum Geology to Science Petroleum geology is the application of geology (the study of rocks) to the exploration for and production of oil and gas. Geology itself is firmly based on chemistry, physics, and biology, involving the application of essentially abstract concepts to observed data.
In the past these data were basically observational and subjective, but they are now increasingly physical and chemical, and therefore more objective. Geology, in general, and petroleum geology, in particular, still rely on value judgments based on experience and an assessment of validity among the data presented. It is now appropriate to consider in more detail the roles of chemistry, physics, and biology in petroleum exploration (Fig. 8/25/2015 Thai Ba Ngoc – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 19 Relationship of Petroleum Geology to Science Figure 1.
The relationship of petroleum geology to the pure sciences 8/25/2015 Thai Ba Ngoc – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 20 Chemistry and Petroleum Geology The application of chemistry to the study of rocks (geochemistry) has many uses in petroleum geology. Detailed knowledge of the mineralogical composition of rocks is important at many levels. In the early stages of exploration, certain general conclusions as to the distribution and quality of potential reservoirs could be made from their gross lithology. For example, the porosity of sandstones tends to be facies related, whereas in carbonate rocks this is generally not so.
Detailed knowledge of the mineralogy of reservoirs enables estimates to be made of the rate at which they may lose porosity during burial, and this detailed mineralogical information is essential for the accurate interpretation of geophysical well logs through reservoirs. Knowledge of the chemistry of pore fluids and their effect on the stability of minerals can be used to predict where porosity may be destroyed by cementation, preserved in its original form, or enhanced by the solution of minerals by formation waters. Organic chemistry is involved both in the analysis of oil and gas and in the study of the diagenesis of plant and animal tissues in sediments and the way in which the resultant organic compound, kerogen, generates petroleum. 8/25/2015 Thai Ba Ngoc – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 21 Physics and Petroleum Geology The application of physics to the study of rocks (geophysics) is very important in petroleum geology.
In its broadest application geophysics makes a major contribution to understanding the earth's crust and, especially through the application of modern plate tectonic theory, to the genesis and petroleum potential of sedimentary basins. More specifically, physical concepts are required to understand folds, faults, and diapirs, and hence their roles in petroleum entrapment. Modern petroleum exploration is unthinkable without the aid of magnetic, gravity, and seismic surveys in finding potential petroleum traps. Nor could any finds be evaluated effectively without geophysical wireline well logs to measure the lithology, porosity, and petroleum content of a reservoir.
8/25/2015 Thai Ba Ngoc – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 22 Physics and Petroleum Geology 8/25/2015 Thai Ba Ngoc – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 23 Biology and Petroleum Geology Biology is applied to geology in several ways, notably through the study of fossils (paleontology), and is especially significant in establishing biostratigraphic zones for regional stratigraphical correlation. The way in which oil exploration shifted the emphasis from the use of macrofossils to microfossils for zonation, has already been noted. Ecology, the study of the relationship between living organisms and their environment, is also important in petroleum geology. Carbonate sediments, in general, and reefs, in particular, can only be studied profitably with the aid of detailed knowledge of the ecology of modern marine fauna and flora.
Biology, and especially biochemistry, is important in studying the transformation of plant and animal tissues into kerogen during burial and the generation of oil or gas that may be caused by this transformation. 8/25/2015 Thai Ba Ngoc – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 24 Relationship of Petroleum Geology to Petroleum Exploration and Production Geologists, in contrast to some nongeologists, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum and, furthermore, often think that petroleum geology and petroleum exploration are synonymous, which they are not. Theories that petroleum is not formed by the transformation of organic matter in sediments have already been noted. If the petroleum geologists' view of oil generation and migration are not accepted, then present exploration methods would need extensive modification.
Some petroleum explorationists still do not admit to a need for geologists to aid them in their search. In 1982 a successful oil finder from Midland, Texas, admitted to not using geologists because when his competitors hired them, all it did was increase their costs per barrel of oil found. The South African state oil company (SOEKOR) was under a statutory obligation imposed by its government to test every claim to an oil- finding method, be it dowsing or some sophisticated scientific technique. These examples are not isolated cases, and it has been argued that oil may better be found by random drilling than by the application of scientific principles.
8/25/2015 Thai Ba Ngoc – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 25 Relationship of Petroleum Geology to Petroleum Exploration and Production Petroleum geology is only one aspect of petroleum exploration and production.