VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LE TRUNG NGHIA INVESTIGATING CATALYST BASED ON ZSM-5 MODIFIED BY PHOSPHORUS FOR PROPYLENE PRODUCTION FROM ATMOSPHERIC RESIDUE Major: Petrochemical Engineering Major ID: 60520330 MASTER THESIS HO CHI MINH CITY, JULY 2019 CÔNG TRÌNH ĐƯỢC HOÀN THÀNH TẠI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA − ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP. HCM Cán bộ hướng dẫn khoa học 1: TS. Lê Phúc Nguyên Cán bộ hướng dẫn khoa học 2: PGS. Huỳnh Quyền Cán bộ chấm nhận xét 1: TS.
Hồ Quang Như TS. Hồ Quang Như Cán bộ chấm nhận xét 2: TS. Nguyễn Hữu Lương TS. Nguyễn Hữu Lương Luận văn Thạc sỹ được bảo vệ tại trường Đại học Bách Khoa − Đại học Quốc gia Tp.
Hồ Chí Minh ngày 18 tháng 07 năm 2019. Thành phần hội đồng đánh giá Luận văn Thạc sỹ gồm: 1. Hồ Quang Như 3. Nguyễn Hữu Lương 4.
Nguyễn Thành Duy Quang Xác nhận của Chủ tịch Hội đồng đánh giá luận văn và Trưởng khoa quản lý chuyên ngành sau khi luận văn được sửa chữa (nếu có). CHỦ TỊCH HỘI ĐỒNG TRƯỞNG KHOA KỸ THUẬT HOÁ HỌC GS. Lưu Cẩm Lộc GS. Phan Thanh Sơn Nam VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM HCMC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Independence – Freedom – Happiness No: /BKĐT -------------- MASTER ENGINEERING THESIS PROJECT Student: LE TRUNG NGHIA Student ID: 1670659 Date of Birth: October 24th, 1993 Place: Vung Tau City Major: PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING Major ID: 60520330 1.
TITLE OF THESIS: INVESTIGATING CATALYST BASED ON ZSM-5 MODIFIED FOR PROPYLENE PRODUCTION FROM ATMOSPHERIC RESIDUE 2. Impregnating HZMS-5 with different Phosphorus precursors in order to improve the catalytic stability and hydrothermal stabilization, then examining additives activity under the severe FCC condition on Atmospheric residues from Crude Distillation Unit of Dung Quat Refinery impacted on Propylene yield. Characterizing physicochemical properties of the modified additives by various methods: X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) and Nitrogen Adsorption (BET). STARTING DAY: February 11th, 2019 4.
FINISHING DAY: June 2nd, 2019 5. HUYNH QUYEN The thesis was approved by the Division of Petroleum Processing Ho Chi Minh City, July 18th, 2019 SUPERVISOR HEAD OF DEPARTMENT Assoc. Huynh Quyen Dr. Dao Thi Kim Thoa DEAN OF FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Prof.
Phan Thanh Son Nam ACKNOWLEDGMENTS HCMUT ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I am grateful to my teachers Assoc. Huynh Quyen and Dr. Dao Thi Kim Thoa. Completing this project is impossible without their support and guidance.
I would like to extend a special thanks to all my teachers from Division of Petroleum Processing Engineering as well as Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT or BKU). Under the supervision of Vietnam Petroleum Institute (VPI) ’s experts, Dr. Le Phuc Nguyen along with Dresden University of Technology (TUD) ’s teachers coming from Prof. Weigand’s group, especially Dr.
Oliver Busse and Ph. Mario Suβ supported throughout my research period in Germany and Vietnam Petroleum Institute. The valuable advice and support from my friends Mr. Philipp Royla, Mr.
Cornelius Brand, Mr. Pham Minh Tai, Mr. Lars Dincklage and Mr. I would like to thank Dr.
Ho Quang Nhu and Dr. Nguyen Thanh Duy Quang because of their valuable advice for the complete process of this thesis. Last, but not least, I would like to express my grateful honor to my family members and relatives who give me limitless love, encouragements in every milestone of my life. LE TRUNG NGHIA’S MASTER THESIS i TÓM TẮT HCMUT TÓM TẮT Công nghệ FCC được ứng dụng chủ yếu nhằm nâng cao hiệu suất xăng, tuy nhiên công nghệ này hoàn toàn có thể đảm đương nhiệm vụ sản xuất nguyên liệu cho công nghiệp hoá dầu, đặc biệt là propylene từ các phân đoạn dầu thô có giá trị thấp.
Việc này đem lại lợi nhuận tốt cho nhà máy thay vì nâng cao chất lượng xăng nhiên liệu trong khi các chính sách môi trường ngày càng khắt khe. Cải thiện quá trình suy giảm sản lượng propylene trong phân xưởng FCC thông qua việc sử dụng phụ gia ZSM-5 trên nền xúc tác FCC. Tuy nhiên, độ bền và hoạt tính của phụ gia ZSM-5 dễ bị suy giảm trong điều kiện khắc nghiệt của phân xưởng FCC. Việc biến tính phụ gia ZSM-5 bằng Photpho trên các tiền chất phổ biến riêng biệt như DAP và H3PO4 và khảo sát sự ảnh hưởng của các tiền chất lên phụ gia ZSM- 5 nhằm cải thiện độ bền thuỷ nhiệt và hoạt tính xúc tác.
Đánh giá và so sánh hiệu quả biến tính của mỗi tiền chất phốt pho lên ZSM-5 như phụ gia của xúc tác phân xưởng FCC cho mục đích sản xuất propylene từ cặn của phân xưởng chưng cất khí quyển bằng phương pháp MAT, bên cạnh đó khảo sát một số yếu tố ảnh hưởng lên quá trình biến tính Photpho là nhiệm vụ của đề tài. LE TRUNG NGHIA’S MASTER THESIS ii ABSTRACT HCMUT ABSTRACT FCC technology has been applied to increase the gasoline yield in a refinery, but it can be produced petrochemical feedstocks properly such as propylene which plays an important role in plastic industry in the specific or petrochemical field in general. Refinery gives a great economic profit from low-quality fractions of crude oil as the residue of CDU transforming to qualified petrochemical feedstocks. Petrochemical feedstocks production compares to extremely high qualified gasoline production, whereas environmental commitments, regulations or sustainable policy have become rigorous so far, following the high-quality gasoline production on FCC is improper development way at the current circumstances with the refinery.
Adding ZSM-5 zeolite to FCC catalysts in FCCU improving propylene yield was proved in many types of research, but the hydrothermal stabilization and catalytic activity lifetime of ZSM-5 continue a problem which needs to be considered so far. Phosphorus sources which take from two common phosphorus precursors include DAP and acid phosphoric separately modified ZSM-5 zeolite to solve the hydrothermal stabilization problem. Phosphorus precursors impact on ZSM-5 additive characteristics on FCC catalyst was investigated on the transformation of residue from crude oil distillation unit to fluid catalytic cracking unit for propylene production checking by MAT technology. Besides, the influences of conditions on ZSM-5 zeolite structure in catalysts processing was also examined by the XRD, XRF, BET-pore and TPD-NH3 methods.
LE TRUNG NGHIA’S MASTER THESIS iii PROTESTATION HCMUT PROTESTATION I hereby certify that this study belongs to my own. This research was conducted in cooperation between Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT or Bach Khoa University, Vietnam), Dresden University of Technology (TUD, Germany) and Petro Vietnam Institute (VPI, Vietnam) within the scope of the research program relying on financial aid of Germany government ASA project. Both the laboratory of TUD (Inorganic Molecular Chemistry Department) under Prof. Weigand and Dr.
Oliver Busse’s permission and the laboratory of VPI under Dr. Le Phuc Nguyen’s permission supplied equipment as well as facilities for this study. All the contents of this research came from my real experiences and all the references were listed and cited. If there is any fraudulent part in this study, I will take all responsibilities.
Research author Le Trung Nghia LE TRUNG NGHIA’S MASTER THESIS iv CONTENTS HCMUT CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. ix LIST OF FIGURES. xi LIST OF SCHEMES. xiv LIST OF TABLES.
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW .1 Propylene production technology review .1 Propylene production and application.3 Fluid Catalytic Cracking technology overview .3 Fluid Catalytic Cracking catalysts .6 ZSM-5 additives in FCC catalysts .7 Point Zero Charge of ZSM-5 additive .14 Phosphorus modification affects ZSM-5 additives .15 Atmospheric residue processing for propylene production .3 The mechanism from the intake of feedstocks to propylene .4 Phosphorus post-modification of ZSM-5 .26 Method of Phosphorus on additive ZSM-5 zeolite .26 LE TRUNG NGHIA’S MASTER THESIS v CONTENTS HCMUT Accessibility and porosity .28 The decrease in acid sites strength .29 Aluminum phosphate formation .32 Phosphorus framework formation and incorporation with Zeolite Y .33 Improved catalytic stability .35 The reversible decrease in acid sites after steaming .2 Tools and equipment .3 ZSM-5 modification procedure .37 The preparation of H-form ZSM-5 .37 Wet impregnation by Phosphorus precursors .39 Wet impregnation by Diammonium Hydro phosphate precursor .42 The deactivation of Phosphorus modified ZSM-5 additives .4 CATALYST EVALUATION METHOD .43 Catalyst properties testing .3 Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method (BET) .4 Temperature Programmed Desorption-Ammonia (TPD-NH3). 47 Catalyst activity testing .1 Micro activity test (MAT). 54 LE TRUNG NGHIA’S MASTER THESIS vi CONTENTS HCMUT 2.2 Micro activity test procedure (MAT). 55 Characterization of product contribution .1 Gas Chromatograph analysis system (GC) .2 Gas Chromatograph procedure (GC) .3 Calculation of products distribution.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .1 Catalyst properties testing .2 Activity testing result .61 The influence of precursors solution concentration .61 The influence of P/Al ratio on the pore system of ZSM-5 additive.64 The influence stirring time step of impregnation time on the micropore .68 The influence of different precursors on the stabilization .69 The influence of different precursors on the Gasoline yield .71 The influence of different precursors on LCO and HCO yield .72 The influence of difference precursors on the Propylene yield .73 The correlation between Propylene yield and Gasoline output .77 The influence of the precursor on the acid activity .80 The influence of the precursor on the Conversion .83 The influence of Phosphorus modification on Coke yield.85 The qualitative evaluation of the effects of Phosphorus precursor .86 LE TRUNG NGHIA’S MASTER THESIS vii CONTENTS HCMUT CHAPTER 4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .108 LE TRUNG NGHIA’S MASTER THESIS viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS HCMUT LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ASTM : American Society for Testing and Materials FCCU : Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit FCC : Fluid Catalytic Cracking PDH : Propane Dehydrogenation wt.% FF : Weight percentage on Fresh Feed MAT : Micro Activity Testing unit SCT-MAT : Short Contact Time Micro Activity Testing TEM : Transmission Electron Microscopy SEM : Scanning Electron Microscopy XRD : X-ray Powder Diffraction XRF : X-ray Fluorescence UCS : Unit Cell Size ZPC : Point of Zero Charge GC : Gas Chromatography LPG : Liquefied Petroleum Gas LCO : Light Cycle Oil HCO : Heavy Cycle Oil ast : after steam bst : before steam rpm : round per minute SA : Surface Area SAR : Silica per Alumina molar Ratio PAR : Phosphorus per Alumina molar Ratio BSR : Binh Son Refinery C/O : Catalyst to Oil ratio E-cat : Equilibrium Catalyst TPD : Temperature Programmed Desorption ZSM-5 : Zeolite Socony Mobil-Five LE TRUNG NGHIA’S MASTER THESIS ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS HCMUT HZSM-5 : Proton form of Zeolite Socony Mobil-Five NH3PO4 bst : HZSM-5 Modified by Phosphorus from Acid Phosphoric before steam NH3PO4 ast : HZSM-5 Modified by Phosphorus from Acid Phosphoric after steam NDAP bst : HZSM-5 Modified by Phosphorus from Diammonium hydrogen phosphate before steam NDAP ast : HZSM-5 Modified by Phosphorus from Diammonium hydrogen phosphate after steam HRS : Hours HZSM-5/DAP/1 : HZMS-5 modified with Diammonium hydrogen phosphate at the mole ratio Phosphorus per Aluminum equal to 1 HZSM-5/H3PO4/1 : HZMS-5 modified with Phosphoric acid at the mole ratio Phosphorus per Aluminum equal to 1 LE TRUNG NGHIA’S MASTER THESIS x LIST OF FIGURES HCMUT LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1: The propylene supply and demand.2 Figure 1-2: Schematic depiction of the typical fluid catalytic cracking FCCU .5 Figure 1-3: Schematic representation of FCC catalysts.6 Figure 1-4: Incorporated FCC catalyst production process .6 Figure 1-5: Mechanism of coke formation for several reactant molecules.7 Figure 1-6: Effect of ZSM-5 contents on propylene yield by wt.8 Figure 1-7: Molecular traffic control in the Straight elliptical and Zig-zag circular channels of ZSM-5 zeolite.9 Figure 1-8: Channel structures of ZSM-5 and ZSM-11.10 Figure 1-9: MFI Channels.10 Figure 1-10: Schematic of the intergrowth structure of a ZSM-5 crystal and the relative pore orientations.11 Figure 1-11: Kinetic diameters for (a) propane and (b) propylene .